Politics And Political Elites In Latin America

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Politics and Political Elites in Latin America

Manuel Alcántara,Mercedes García Montero,Cristina Rivas Pérez
Politics and Political Elites in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Manuel Alcántara,Mercedes García Montero,Cristina Rivas Pérez
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030515843

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Politics and Political Elites in Latin America by Manuel Alcántara,Mercedes García Montero,Cristina Rivas Pérez Pdf

This book presents in-depth analyses of the data gathered for 26 years by the Political Elites of Latin America project (PELA), the most comprehensive database about the topic in the world. Since 1994, PELA has conducted around 9,000 personal interviews with representative samples of the Legislative Powers of 18 Latin American countries, generating a unique resource for the study of political elites in a comparative perspective. Now, this contributed volume brings together studies that dig into the data gathered by PELA to discuss important topics related to the challenges faced by representative democracy in Latin America. After an introductory chapter that presents the potential of the PELA database, the book is structured in two parts. The first addresses in eight chapters important aspects of representative democracy such as political ambition, political trust, satisfaction with democracy, clientelism and the quality of democracy. It then discusses three relevant issues in Latin American political dynamics such as executive-legislative relations, women's participation as representatives, and the meaning of China and the United States in national politics. The second part addresses in five chapters studies of seven national cases that are representative of regional heterogeneity. These chapters aim to examine parliamentarian elites’ attitudes in different political systems with regard to a variety of relevant issues such as institutional trust, satisfaction with democracy, Executive-Legislative relations, clientelism, and gender questions. Furthermore, these chapters intend to evince the evolution of such attitudes in the course of the last two decades. Politics and Political Elites in Latin America: Challenges and Trends will be of interest to scholars and students of comparative politics in general and, more particularly, to those interested in the challenges faced by representative democracy not only in Latin America, but in many parts of the world.

Environmental Politics in Latin America

Benedicte Bull,Mariel Cristina Aguilar-Stoen
Environmental Politics in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Benedicte Bull,Mariel Cristina Aguilar-Stoen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317653790

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Environmental Politics in Latin America by Benedicte Bull,Mariel Cristina Aguilar-Stoen Pdf

Since colonial times the position of the social, political and economic elites in Latin America has been intimately connected to their control over natural resources. Consequently, struggles to protect the environment from over-exploitation and contamination have been related to marginalized groups’ struggles against local, national and transnational elites. The recent rise of progressive, left-leaning governments – often supported by groups struggling for environmental justice – has challenged the established elites and raised expectations about new regimes for natural resource management. Based on case-studies in eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, El Salvador and Guatemala), this book investigates the extent to which there have been elite shifts, how new governments have related to old elites, and how that has impacted on environmental governance and the management of natural resources. It examines the rise of new cadres of technocrats and the old economic and political elites’ struggle to remain influential. The book also discusses the challenges faced in trying to overcome structural inequalities to ensure a more sustainable and equitable governance of natural resources. This timely book will be of great interest to researchers and masters students in development studies, environmental management and governance, geography, political science and Latin American area studies.

The Right in Latin America

Barry Cannon
The Right in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Barry Cannon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135021825

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The Right in Latin America by Barry Cannon Pdf

Most current analysis on Latin American politics has been directed at examining the shift to the left in the region. Very little attention, however, has been paid to the reactions of the right to this phenomenon. What kind of discursive, policy, and strategic responses have emerged among the right in Latin America as a result of this historic turn to the left? Have there been any shifts in attitudes to inequality and poverty as a result of the successes of the left in those areas? How has the right responded strategically to regain the political initiative from the left? And what implications might such responses have for democracy in the region? The Right in Latin America seeks to provide answers to these questions while helping to fill a gap in the literature on contemporary Latin American politics. Unlike previous studies, Barry Cannon’s book does not simply concentrate on party political responses to the contemporary challenges for the right in the region. Rather he uses a wider, more comprehensive theoretical framework, grounded in political sociology, in recognition of the deep social roots of the right among Latin America’s elites, in a region known for its startling inequalities. Using Michael Mann’s pioneering work on power, he shows how elite dominance in the key areas of the economy, ideology, the military, and in transnational relations, has had a profound influence on the political strategies of the Latin American right. He shows how left governments, especially the more radical ones, have threatened elite power in these areas, influencing right-wing strategic responses as a result. These responses, he persuasively argues, can vary from elections, through street protests and media campaigns, to military coups, depending on the level of perceived threat felt by elites from the left. In this way, Cannon uncovers the dialectical nature of the left/right relationship in contemporary Latin American politics, while simultaneously providing pointers as to how the left can respond to the challenge of the right’s resurgence in the current context of left retrenchment. Cannon’s multi-faceted inter-disciplinary approach, including original research among right-leaning actors in the region makes the book an essential reference not only for those interested in the contemporary Latin American right but for anyone interested in the region’s politics at a critical juncture in its history.

Dominant Elites in Latin America

Liisa L. North,Timothy D. Clark
Dominant Elites in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Liisa L. North,Timothy D. Clark
Publisher : Springer
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319532554

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Dominant Elites in Latin America by Liisa L. North,Timothy D. Clark Pdf

This volume examines the ways in which the socio-economic elites of the region have transformed and expanded the material bases of their power from the inception of neo-liberal policies in the 1970s through to the so-called progressive ‘pink tide’ governments of the past two decades. The six case study chapters—on Chile, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, El Salvador, and Guatemala—variously explore how state policies and even United Nations peace-keeping missions have enhanced elite control of land and agricultural exports, banks and insurance companies, wholesale and import commerce, industrial activities, and alliances with foreign capital. Chapters also pay attention to the ways in which violence has been deployed to maintain elite power, and how international forces feed into sustaining historic and contemporary configurations of power.

Political Representation in Southern Europe and Latin America

André Freire,Mélany Barragán,Xavier Coller,Marco Lisi,Emmanouil Tsatsanis
Political Representation in Southern Europe and Latin America Book PDF

Author : André Freire,Mélany Barragán,Xavier Coller,Marco Lisi,Emmanouil Tsatsanis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429682582

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Political Representation in Southern Europe and Latin America by André Freire,Mélany Barragán,Xavier Coller,Marco Lisi,Emmanouil Tsatsanis Pdf

This collective volume - with contributions from experts on these regions - examines broader questions about the current crises (The Great Recession and The Commodity Crisis) and the associated changes in political representation in both regions. It provides a general overview of political representation studies in Southern Europe and Latin America and builds bridges between the two traditions of political representation studies, affording greater understanding of developments in each region and promote future research collaboration between Southern Europe and Latin America. Finally, the book addresses questions of continuity and change in patterns of political representation after the onset of the two economic crises, specifically examining issues such as changes in citizens’ democratic support and trust in political representatives and institutions, in-descriptive representation (in the sociodemographic profile of MPs) and in-substantive representation (in the link between voters and MPs in terms of ideological congruence and/or policy/issue orientations). This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political elites, political representation, European and Latin American politics/studies, and more broadly to comparative politics.

The Politics of Violence in Latin America

Pablo Policzer
The Politics of Violence in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Pablo Policzer
Publisher : Latin American and Caribbean S
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1552389065

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The Politics of Violence in Latin America by Pablo Policzer Pdf

Latin America is one of the most violent regions in the world. It has suffered waves of repressive authoritarian rule, organized armed insurgency and civil war, violent protest, and ballooning rates of criminal violence. But is violence hard wired into Latin America? This is a critical reassessment of the ways in which violence in Latin America is addressed and understood. Previous approaches have relied on structural perspectives, attributing the problem of violence to Latin America's colonial past or its conflictual contemporary politics. Bringing together scholars and practitioners, this volume argues that violence is often rooted more in contingent outcomes than in deeply embedded structures. Addressing topics ranging from the root sources of violence in Haiti to kidnapping in Colombia, from the role of property rights in patterns of violence to the challenges of peacebuilding, The Politics of Violence in Latin America is an essential step towards understanding the causes and contexts of violence-and changing the mechanisms that produce it.

Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe

John Higley,Richard Gunther
Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe Book PDF

Author : John Higley,Richard Gunther
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0521424224

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Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe by John Higley,Richard Gunther Pdf

Examine recent transitions to democracy and the prospects for democratic stability in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Portugal, Spain and Uruguay.

The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America

Douglas A. Chalmers,Carlos M. Vilas,Katherine Hite,Scott B. Martin,Kerianne Piester,Monique Segarra
The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Douglas A. Chalmers,Carlos M. Vilas,Katherine Hite,Scott B. Martin,Kerianne Piester,Monique Segarra
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1997-01-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780191525131

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The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America by Douglas A. Chalmers,Carlos M. Vilas,Katherine Hite,Scott B. Martin,Kerianne Piester,Monique Segarra Pdf

Against a broader backdrop of globalization and worldwide moves toward political democracy, The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America examines the unfolding relationships among social change, equity, and the democratic representation of the poor in Latin America. Recent Latin American governments have turned away from redistributive policies; at the same time, popular political and social organizations have been generally weakened, inequality has increased, and the gap between rich and poor has grown. Hanging in the balance is the consolidation and the quality of new or would-be democracies; this volume suggests that governments must find not just short-term programmes to alleviate poverty, but long-term means to ensure the effective integration of the poor into political life. The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America bridges the intellectual chasm between, on the one hand, studies of grassroots politics, and on the other, explorations of elite politics and formal institution-building. It will be of interest to students and scholars of contemporary Latin American politics and society and, more generally, in the vicissitudes of democracy and citizenship in the late twentieth-century global system.

Elites and Economic Development

John Walton
Elites and Economic Development Book PDF

Author : John Walton
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781477303405

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Elites and Economic Development by John Walton Pdf

This book is a detailed comparative analysis of development politics in four urban regions of Latin America, two in Mexico and two in Colombia. John Walton has based his studies on the assumption that the problems of economic growth are essentially political, that is, are problems of choice, decision-making, and the exercise of power. His fundamental purpose has been to discover how elites of different kinds are more and less successful in the promotion of economic development, which he defines as a process in the organization of a society leading not only to higher levels of efficient output but also to a more equitable distribution of benefits. At the time, the four cities compared were the second- and third-largest metropolitan areas in each country, Guadalajara and Monterrey in Mexico, Medellín and Cali in Colombia. This selection allows the author to pair, across countries, cases of early and large-scale industrialization (Monterrey and Medellín) with cases of more recent industrial growth in agricultural-commercial centers (Guadalajara and Cali). Walton presents historical introductions to each of the regions and integrates these with original fieldwork and interviews with more than three hundred members of the political and economic elites. The findings are extensive, but in general they demonstrate that where political and economic power is more broadly distributed, where elites are more open and accessible, and where organizational life is more active and coordinated, regions tend to develop qualitatively as well as quantitatively, showing increases both in productivity and in such benefits as public services, housing, education, and a more balanced distribution of income. If these characteristics are absent, regions may be industrialized but do not provide a broad sharing of the benefits. Walton places a good deal of emphasis on the role of foreign investments, demonstrating that the more penetrated regions are also the less developed. Finally, the results of these studies are used to evaluate and advance theories of underdevelopment and particularly of economic dependency.

Private Wealth and Public Revenue

Tasha Fairfield
Private Wealth and Public Revenue Book PDF

Author : Tasha Fairfield
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107088375

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Private Wealth and Public Revenue by Tasha Fairfield Pdf

This book identifies sources of power that help business and economic elites influence policy decisions.

Latin American Politics

David Close
Latin American Politics Book PDF

Author : David Close
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442604193

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Latin American Politics by David Close Pdf

Highlighting eleven different topics in separate chapters, the thematic approach of Latin American Politics offers students the conceptual tools they need to analyze the political systems of all twenty Latin American nations. Such a structure makes the book self-consciously comparative, allowing students to become stronger analysts of comparative politics and better political scientists in general.

Malaise in Representation in Latin American Countries

Alfredo Joignant,Mauricio Morales,Claudio Fuentes
Malaise in Representation in Latin American Countries Book PDF

Author : Alfredo Joignant,Mauricio Morales,Claudio Fuentes
Publisher : Springer
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137599551

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Malaise in Representation in Latin American Countries by Alfredo Joignant,Mauricio Morales,Claudio Fuentes Pdf

This edited volume examines malaise with democracy within three middle-income Latin American countries - Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. In particular, the book focuses on the gap within public opinion on democratic system within the context of crisis of representation and breakdowns of democracy. Based on a study using comparative and systematic survey data, the contributors of this volume provide a solid analysis on the state of democracy in three Latin American countries, whose lessons are useful for all types of democracy, in the north and the south.

Post-Stabilization Politics in Latin America

Carol Wise,Riordan Roett
Post Stabilization Politics in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Carol Wise,Riordan Roett
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2003-07-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0815796048

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Post-Stabilization Politics in Latin America by Carol Wise,Riordan Roett Pdf

Over the last twenty years Latin America has seen a definitive movement toward civilian rule. Significant trade, fiscal, and monetary reforms have accompanied this shift, exposing previously state-led economies to the forces of the market. Despite persistent economic and political hardships, the combination of civilian regimes and market-based strategies has proved to be remarkably resilient and still dominates the region. This book focuses on the effects of market reforms on domestic politics in Latin America. While considering civilian rule as a constant, the book examines and compares domestic political responses in six countries that embraced similar packages of reforms in the 1980s—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. The contributors focus on how ambitious measures such as liberalization, privatization, and deregulation yielded mixed results in these countries and in doing so they identify three main patterns of political economic adjustment. In Argentina and Chile, the implementation of market reforms has gone hand in hand with increasingly competitive politics. In Brazil and Mexico, market reforms helped to catalyze transitions from entrenched authoritarian rule. Finally, in Peru and Venezuela, traditional political systems have collapsed and civilian rule has been repeatedly challenged. The contributors include Carol Wise (University of Southern California), Karen L. Remmer (Duke University), Carol Graham (Brookings Institution), Stefano Pettinato (United Nations Development Programme), Consuelo Cruz (Tufts University), Juan E. Corradi (New York University), Delia M. Boylan (Chicago Public Radio), Riordan Roett (Johns Hopkins University), Martín Tanaka (Institute for Peruvian Studies, Lima), and Kenneth M. Roberts (University of New Mexico).

Rooted Globalism

Kevin Funk
Rooted Globalism Book PDF

Author : Kevin Funk
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780253062567

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Rooted Globalism by Kevin Funk Pdf

Does the concept of nationality apply to the economic elite, or have they shed national identities to form a global capitalist class? In Rooted Globalism, Kevin Funk unpacks dozens of ethnographic interviews he conducted with Latin America's urban-based, Arab-descendant elite class, some of whom also occupy positions of political power in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Based on extensive fieldwork, Funk illuminates how these elites navigate their Arab ancestry, Latin American host cultures, and roles as protagonists of globalization. With the term "rooted globalism," Funk captures the emergence of classed intersectional identities that are simultaneously local, national, transnational, and global. Focusing on an oft-ignored axis of South-South relations (between Latin America and the Arab world), Rooted Globalism provides detailed analysis of the identities, worldviews, and motivations of this group and ultimately reveals that rather than obliterating national identities, global capitalism relies on them.

Peru

John Crabtree,Francisco Durand
Peru Book PDF

Author : John Crabtree,Francisco Durand
Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781783609062

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Peru by John Crabtree,Francisco Durand Pdf

While leftist governments have been elected across Latin America, this ‘Pink Tide’ has so far failed to reach Peru. Instead, the corporate elite remains firmly entrenched, and the left continues to be marginalised. Peru therefore represents a particularly stark example of ‘state capture’, in which an extreme concentration of wealth in the hands of a few corporations and pro-market technocrats has resulted in a monopoly on political power. Post the 2016 elections, John Crabtree and Francisco Durand look at the ways in which these elites have been able to consolidate their position at the expense of genuine democracy, with a particular focus on the role of mining and other extractive industries, where extensive privatization and deregulation has contributed to extreme disparities in wealth and power. In the process, Crabtree and Durand provide a unique case study of state development, by revealing the mechanisms used by elites to dominate political discussion and marginalize their opponents, as well as the role played by external actors such as international financial institutions and foreign investors. The significance of Crabtree’s findings therefore extends far beyond Peru, and illuminates the wider issue of why mineral-rich countries so often struggle to attain meaningful democracy.