An Analog Vlsi System For Stereoscopic Vision

Author : Misha Mahowald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461527244

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An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision by Misha Mahowald Pdf

An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision investigates the interaction of the physical medium and the computation in both biological and analog VLSI systems by synthesizing a functional neuromorphic system in silicon. In both the synthesis and analysis of the system, a point of view from within the system is adopted rather than that of an omniscient designer drawing a blueprint. This perspective projects the design and the designer into a living landscape. The motivation for a machine-centered perspective is explained in the first chapter. The second chapter describes the evolution of the silicon retina. The retina accurately encodes visual information over orders of magnitude of ambient illumination, using mismatched components that are calibrated as part of the encoding process. The visual abstraction created by the retina is suitable for transmission through a limited bandwidth channel. The third chapter introduces a general method for interchip communication, the address-event representation, which is used for transmission of retinal data. The address-event representation takes advantage of the speed of CMOS relative to biological neurons to preserve the information of biological action potentials using digital circuitry in place of axons. The fourth chapter describes a collective circuit that computes stereodisparity. In this circuit, the processing that corrects for imperfections in the hardware compensates for inherent ambiguity in the environment. The fifth chapter demonstrates a primitive working stereovision system. An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision contributes to both computer engineering and neuroscience at a concrete level. Through the construction of a working analog of biological vision subsystems, new circuits for building brain-style analog computers have been developed. Specific neuropysiological and psychophysical results in terms of underlying electronic mechanisms are explained. These examples demonstrate the utility of using biological principles for building brain-style computers and the significance of building brain-style computers for understanding the nervous system.

Author : Bing J. Sheu,Joongho Choi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461522478

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Neural Information Processing and VLSI by Bing J. Sheu,Joongho Choi Pdf

Neural Information Processing and VLSI provides a unified treatment of this important subject for use in classrooms, industry, and research laboratories, in order to develop advanced artificial and biologically-inspired neural networks using compact analog and digital VLSI parallel processing techniques. Neural Information Processing and VLSI systematically presents various neural network paradigms, computing architectures, and the associated electronic/optical implementations using efficient VLSI design methodologies. Conventional digital machines cannot perform computationally-intensive tasks with satisfactory performance in such areas as intelligent perception, including visual and auditory signal processing, recognition, understanding, and logical reasoning (where the human being and even a small living animal can do a superb job). Recent research advances in artificial and biological neural networks have established an important foundation for high-performance information processing with more efficient use of computing resources. The secret lies in the design optimization at various levels of computing and communication of intelligent machines. Each neural network system consists of massively paralleled and distributed signal processors with every processor performing very simple operations, thus consuming little power. Large computational capabilities of these systems in the range of some hundred giga to several tera operations per second are derived from collectively parallel processing and efficient data routing, through well-structured interconnection networks. Deep-submicron very large-scale integration (VLSI) technologies can integrate tens of millions of transistors in a single silicon chip for complex signal processing and information manipulation. The book is suitable for those interested in efficient neurocomputing as well as those curious about neural network system applications. It has been especially prepared for use as a text for advanced undergraduate and first year graduate students, and is an excellent reference book for researchers and scientists working in the fields covered.

Author : Hisao Ishibuchi
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781780210216

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Computational Intelligence - Volume II by Hisao Ishibuchi Pdf

Computational intelligence is a component of Encyclopedia of Technology, Information, and Systems Management Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Computational intelligence is a rapidly growing research field including a wide variety of problem-solving techniques inspired by nature. Traditionally computational intelligence consists of three major research areas: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Evolutionary Computation. Neural networks are mathematical models inspired by brains. Neural networks have massively parallel network structures with many neurons and weighted connections. Whereas each neuron has a simple input-output relation, a neural network with many neurons can realize a highly non-linear complicated mapping. Connection weights between neurons can be adjusted in an automated manner by a learning algorithm to realize a non-linear mapping required in a particular application task. Fuzzy systems are mathematical models proposed to handle inherent fuzziness in natural language. For example, it is very difficult to mathematically define the meaning of “cold” in everyday conversations such as “It is cold today” and “Can I have cold water”. The meaning of “cold” may be different in a different situation. Even in the same situation, a different person may have a different meaning. Fuzzy systems offer a mathematical mechanism to handle inherent fuzziness in natural language. As a result, fuzzy systems have been successfully applied to real-world problems by extracting linguistic knowledge from human experts in the form of fuzzy IF-THEN rules. Evolutionary computation includes various population-based search algorithms inspired by evolution in nature. Those algorithms usually have the following three mechanisms: fitness evaluation to measure the quality of each solution, selection to choose good solutions from the current population, and variation operators to generate offspring from parents. Evolutionary computation has high applicability to a wide range of optimization problems with different characteristics since it does not need any explicit mathematical formulations of objective functions. For example, simulation-based fitness evaluation is often used in evolutionary design. Subjective fitness evaluation by a human user is also often used in evolutionary art and music. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers.

Author : Leon Reznik,Vladik Kreinovich
Publisher : Springer
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540362166

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Soft Computing in Measurement and Information Acquisition by Leon Reznik,Vladik Kreinovich Pdf

This volume covers the fields of measurement and information acqulSltlon. It contains a collection of papers representing the current research trends in these areas. What are those trends? The first one is the enormous growth in the amount of information and the amazing technologies, which make this information available anywhere and anytime. The second one is a substantial development of methods of the information presentation including, to name just a few, multimedia, virtual environment, computer animation. The third one is the all-time boosting demand for improving the quality of decisions made on the base of this information in various applications ranging from engineering to business. Nowadays information acquisition should not only provide more information but also provide it in such a way as to assure effective and efficient processing of this information. And here comes a relatively new methodology of soft computing. Application of soft computing in measurement and information acquisition is considered in this volume.

Author : Shih-Chii Liu
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262122553

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Analog VLSI by Shih-Chii Liu Pdf

An introduction to the design of analog VLSI circuits. Neuromorphic engineers work to improve the performance of artificial systems through the development of chips and systems that process information collectively using primarily analog circuits. This book presents the central concepts required for the creative and successful design of analog VLSI circuits. The discussion is weighted toward novel circuits that emulate natural signal processing. Unlike most circuits in commercial or industrial applications, these circuits operate mainly in the subthreshold or weak inversion region. Moreover, their functionality is not limited to linear operations, but also encompasses many interesting nonlinear operations similar to those occurring in natural systems. Topics include device physics, linear and nonlinear circuit forms, translinear circuits, photodetectors, floating-gate devices, noise analysis, and process technology.

Author : Friedrich G. Barth,Joseph A. C. Humphrey,Mandyam V. Srinivasan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783211997499

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Frontiers in Sensing by Friedrich G. Barth,Joseph A. C. Humphrey,Mandyam V. Srinivasan Pdf

Biological sensory systems, fine-tuned to their specific tasks with remarkable perfection, have an enormous potential for technical, industrial, and medical applications. This applies to sensors specialized for a wide range of energy forms such as optical, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic, to name just a few. This book brings together first-hand knowledge from the frontiers of different fields of research in sensing. It aims to promote the interaction between biologists, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians and to pave the way for innovative lines of research and cross-disciplinary approaches. The topics presented cover a broad spectrum ranging from energy transformation and transduction processes in animal sensing systems to the fabrication and application of bio-inspired synthetic sensor arrays. The various contributions are linked by the similarity of what sensing has to accomplish in both biology and engineering.

Author : Sergey Edward Lyshevski
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 979 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351837569

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Nano and Molecular Electronics Handbook by Sergey Edward Lyshevski Pdf

There are fundamental and technological limits of conventional microfabrication and microelectronics. Scaling down conventional devices and attempts to develop novel topologies and architectures will soon be ineffective or unachievable at the device and system levels to ensure desired performance. Forward-looking experts continue to search for new paradigms to carry the field beyond the age of microelectronics, and molecular electronics is one of the most promising candidates. The Nano and Molecular Electronics Handbook surveys the current state of this exciting, emerging field and looks toward future developments and opportunities. Molecular and Nano Electronics Explained Explore the fundamentals of device physics, synthesis, and design of molecular processing platforms and molecular integrated circuits within three-dimensional topologies, organizations, and architectures as well as bottom-up fabrication utilizing quantum effects and unique phenomena. Technology in Progress Stay current with the latest results and practical solutions realized for nanoscale and molecular electronics as well as biomolecular electronics and memories. Learn design concepts, device-level modeling, simulation methods, and fabrication technologies used for today's applications and beyond. Reports from the Front Lines of Research Expert innovators discuss the results of cutting-edge research and provide informed and insightful commentary on where this new paradigm will lead. The Nano and Molecular Electronics Handbook ranks among the most complete and authoritative guides to the past, present, and future of this revolutionary area of theory and technology.

Author : G. Cauwenberghs,Magdy Bayoumi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1999-06-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0792385551

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Learning on Silicon by G. Cauwenberghs,Magdy Bayoumi Pdf

Learning on Silicon combines models of adaptive information processing in the brain with advances in microelectronics technology and circuit design. The premise is to construct integrated systems not only loaded with sufficient computational power to handle demanding signal processing tasks in sensory perception and pattern recognition, but also capable of operating autonomously and robustly in unpredictable environments through mechanisms of adaptation and learning. This edited volume covers the spectrum of Learning on Silicon in five parts: adaptive sensory systems, neuromorphic learning, learning architectures, learning dynamics, and learning systems. The 18 chapters are documented with examples of fabricated systems, experimental results from silicon, and integrated applications ranging from adaptive optics to biomedical instrumentation. As the first comprehensive treatment on the subject, Learning on Silicon serves as a reference for beginners and experienced researchers alike. It provides excellent material for an advanced course, and a source of inspiration for continued research towards building intelligent adaptive machines.

Author : Suzanna Becker,Sebastian Thrun,Klaus Obermayer
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1738 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Neural circuitry
ISBN : 0262025507

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Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15 by Suzanna Becker,Sebastian Thrun,Klaus Obermayer Pdf

Proceedings of the 2002 Neural Information Processing Systems Conference.

Author : Shih-Chii Liu,Tobi Delbruck,Giacomo Indiveri,Adrian Whatley,Rodney Douglas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470018491

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Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems by Shih-Chii Liu,Tobi Delbruck,Giacomo Indiveri,Adrian Whatley,Rodney Douglas Pdf

Neuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems. Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence. This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems. Key features: Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering. Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles. Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.

Author : Subramanian Ramamoorthy,Joe Hays,Christian Tetzlaff
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889742462

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Robust Artificial Intelligence for Neurorobotics by Subramanian Ramamoorthy,Joe Hays,Christian Tetzlaff Pdf

Author : Nitish V. Thakor
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 3686 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811655401

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Handbook of Neuroengineering by Nitish V. Thakor Pdf

This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.​

Author : Tor Sverre Lande
Publisher : Springer
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2007-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780585280011

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Neuromorphic Systems Engineering by Tor Sverre Lande Pdf

Neuromorphic Systems Engineering: Neural Networks in Silicon emphasizes three important aspects of this exciting new research field. The term neuromorphic expresses relations to computational models found in biological neural systems, which are used as inspiration for building large electronic systems in silicon. By adequate engineering, these silicon systems are made useful to mankind. Neuromorphic Systems Engineering: Neural Networks in Silicon provides the reader with a snapshot of neuromorphic engineering today. It is organized into five parts viewing state-of-the-art developments within neuromorphic engineering from different perspectives. Neuromorphic Systems Engineering: Neural Networks in Silicon provides the first collection of neuromorphic systems descriptions with firm foundations in silicon. Topics presented include: large scale analog systems in silicon neuromorphic silicon auditory (ear) and vision (eye) systems in silicon learning and adaptation in silicon merging biology and technology micropower analog circuit design analog memory analog interchipcommunication on digital buses £/LIST£ Neuromorphic Systems Engineering: Neural Networks in Silicon serves as an excellent resource for scientists, researchers and engineers in this emerging field, and may also be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Author : Jan-Matthias Braun,Poramate Manoonpong,Xiaofeng Xiong
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889663408

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Biology-Inspired Engineering and Engineering-Inspired Biology by Jan-Matthias Braun,Poramate Manoonpong,Xiaofeng Xiong Pdf

Author : Andrea Fusiello,Vittorio Murino,Rita Cucchiara
Publisher : Springer
Page : 611 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642338632

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Computer Vision -- ECCV 2012. Workshops and Demonstrations by Andrea Fusiello,Vittorio Murino,Rita Cucchiara Pdf

The three volume set LNCS 7583, 7584 and 7585 comprises the Workshops and Demonstrations which took place in connection with the European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2012, held in Firenze, Italy, in October 2012. The total of 179 workshop papers and 23 demonstration papers was carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. They where held at workshops with the following themes: non-rigid shape analysis and deformable image alignment; visual analysis and geo-localization of large-scale imagery; Web-scale vision and social media; video event categorization, tagging and retrieval; re-identification; biological and computer vision interfaces; where computer vision meets art; consumer depth cameras for computer vision; unsolved problems in optical flow and stereo estimation; what's in a face?; color and photometry in computer vision; computer vision in vehicle technology: from earth to mars; parts and attributes; analysis and retrieval of tracked events and motion in imagery streams; action recognition and pose estimation in still images; higher-order models and global constraints in computer vision; information fusion in computer vision for concept recognition; 2.5D sensing technologies in motion: the quest for 3D; benchmarking facial image analysis technologies.