An Innovation In Agricultural Science And Technology Extension System

Author : Yang, P., Jiao, X., Feng, D., Ramasamy, S., Zhang, H., Mroczek, Z., Zhang, W.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251338704

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An innovation in agricultural science and technology extension system by Yang, P., Jiao, X., Feng, D., Ramasamy, S., Zhang, H., Mroczek, Z., Zhang, W. Pdf

Food production worldwide is primarily carried out by smallholder farmers. Closing the gap between actual smallholder yield and those achievable through scientific research is vital to increasing the food availability and efficient use of inputs and natural resources. Multiple factors and constraints contribute to these production gaps, including uncoordinated linkages between education, research and extension. These linkages are often supply-driven and top-down, and unable to respond to the diversity of location-specific, locally-adaptive and multiple knowledge demands – as smallholders are a diverse group in terms of incomes, knowledge, perceptions and farming practices. In 2005, China Agricultural University (CAU) launched a pilot agricultural development project in partnership with Quzhou County in Hebei Province of China to work together to develop high-yielding technologies. In 2009, CAU professors and postgraduate students moved their research programs from the experimental station to the village, and rented a backyard, where they lived, worked and studied high-yielding technologies and responses from the farmers. Gradually, their backyard work attracted more farmers and encouraged their participation. The backyard thus became a science and technology dissemination platform in the local community. From then on, farmers, scientists and students referred to the project as the Science and Technology Backyard (STB). This publication was prepared as a case study report on the Science and Technology Backyard (STB).

Author : The World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 685 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821389447

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Agricultural Innovation Systems by The World Bank Pdf

Managing the ability of agriculture to meet rising global demand and to respond to the changes and opportunities will require good policy, sustained investments, and innovation - not business as usual. Investments in public Research and Development, extension, education, and their links with one another have elicited high returns and pro-poor growth, but these investments alone will not elicit innovation at the pace or on the scale required by the intensifying and proliferating challenges confronting agriculture. Experience indicates that aside from a strong capacity in Research and Development, the ability to innovate is often related to collective action, coordination, the exchange of knowledge among diverse actors, the incentives and resources available to form partnerships and develop businesses, and conditions that make it possible for farmers or entrepreneurs to use the innovations. While consensus is developing about what is meant by 'innovation' and 'innovation system', no detailed blueprint exists for making agricultural innovation happen at a given time, in a given place, for a given result. The AIS approach that looks at these multiple conditions and relationships that promote innovation in agriculture, has however moved from a concept to a sub-discipline with principles of analysis and action. AIS investments must be specific to the context, responding to the stage of development in a particular country and agricultural sector, especially the AIS. This sourcebook contributes to identifying, designing, and implementing the investments, approaches, and complementary interventions that appear most likely to strengthen AIS and to promote agricultural innovation and equitable growth. It emphasizes the lessons learned, benefits and impacts, implementation issues, and prospects for replicating or expanding successful practices. The information in this sourcebook derives from approaches that have been tested at different scales in different contexts. It reflects the experiences and evolving understanding of numerous individuals and organizations concerned with agricultural innovation, including the World Bank. This information is targeted to the key operational staff in international and regional development agencies and national governments who design and implement lending projects and to the practitioners who design thematic programs and technical assistance packages. The sourcebook can also be an important resource for the research community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

Author : Steven Wolf,David Zilberman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461514992

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Knowledge Generation and Technical Change by Steven Wolf,David Zilberman Pdf

Knowledge generation and transfer mechanisms are being transformed in important and controversial ways. Investment in research and development has increased in response to recognition that scientific productivity is tightly connected to economic dynamism. Patent protection has been expanded in order to stimulate higher levels of private investment. Intellectual property rights held by public organizations and researchers are now increasingly transferred to private organizations to accelerate the diffusion and enhance the value of knowledge produced by public agencies and universities. Additionally, new institutions such as university offices of technology transfer, venture capital markets, and a variety of consortia in knowledge-intensive industries are being established throughout the United States and in other parts of the world. These changes have led to a repositioning of the state in systems of innovation and an increase in the proprietary character of technical information. The purpose of this book is to review and analyze i) contemporary transitions in agricultural knowledge generation and extension arrangements from an empirical perspective, and ii) emerging and contradictory perspectives as to how knowledge systems can be assessed effectively. The authors aim to provide the reader with a better understanding of the implications of new biotechnologies and new intellectual property rights regimes on public-private relations in science, the extent to which benefits from scientific knowledge are being appropriated by private sector actors, the diversity and possible outcomes of privatization initiatives in extension, and prospects for public goods production and ecological sustainability given contemporary trends. The book presents contrasting views on the degree of complementarity and substitution between private and public sector investments in research and extension. Recognizing that the labels `public' and `private' are incomplete and at times misleading descriptions of the structure and function of coordinating bodies in social systems, the analyses highlight ways in which public and private spaces and modes of functioning combine. In addition to illustrating a broad range of analytic methodologies useful for studying organizational questions in knowledge systems, the authors identify the implications of a range of past and potential institutional innovations.

Author : James Sumberg,John Thompson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136450259

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Contested Agronomy by James Sumberg,John Thompson Pdf

The dramatic increases in food prices experienced over the last four years, and their effects of hunger and food insecurity, as well as human-induced climate change and its implications for agriculture, food production and food security, are key topics within the field of agronomy and agricultural research. Contested Agronomy addresses these issues by exploring key developments since the mid-1970s, focusing in particular on the emergence of the neoliberal project and the rise of the participation and environmental agendas, taking into consideration how these have had profound impacts on the practice of agronomic research in the developing world especially over the last four decades. This book explores, through a series of case studies, the basis for a much needed ‘political agronomy’ analysis that highlights the impacts of problem framing and narratives, historical disjunctures, epistemic communities and the increasing pressure to demonstrate ‘success’ on both agricultural research and the farmers, processors and consumers it is meant to serve. Whilst being a fascinating and thought-provoking read for professionals in the Agriculture and Environmental sciences, it will also appeal to students and researchers in agricultural policy, development studies, geography, public administration, rural sociology, and science and technology studies.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2006-11-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821367404

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Enhancing Agricultural Innovation by World Bank Pdf

An innovation system can be defined as a network of organizations, enterprises, and individuals demanding and supplying knowledge and bringing it into a social and economic use. This book's primary aim, therefore, is to focus on the largely unexplored operational aspects of the innvoation systems concept and to explore its potential for agriculture. 'Enhancing Agricultural Innovation' evaluates real-world innovation systems and assesses the usefulness of the concept in guiding investments to support knowledge-intensive, sustainable agricultural development. A typology of innovation systems is developed; strategies to guide investments for strengthening innovation capacity are drawn up; and concrete interventions options defined. In its conclusions, the book emphasizes the importance of mechanisms for collaboration and interaction. Intermediary organizations, innovation councils, farmer organizations, and other means to strengthen collaboration are central to creating the exchange of knowledge and perspectives that will convert knowledge into valuable new social and economic products and services.

Author : Sieglinde Snapp,Barry Pound
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 558 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780128020951

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Agricultural Systems: Agroecology and Rural Innovation for Development by Sieglinde Snapp,Barry Pound Pdf

Agricultural Systems, Second Edition, is a comprehensive text for developing sustainable farming systems. It presents a synthetic overview of the emerging area of agroecology applications to transforming farming systems and supporting rural innovation, with particular emphasis on how research can be harnessed for sustainable agriculture. The inclusion of research theory and examples using the principles of cropping system design allows students to gain a unique understanding of the technical, biological, ecological, economic and sociological aspects of farming systems science for rural livelihoods. This book explores topics such as: re-inventing farming systems; principles and practice of agroecology; agricultural change and low-input technology; ecologically-based nutrient management; participatory breeding for developing improved and relevant crops; participatory livestock research for development; gender and agrarian inequality at the local scale; the nature of agricultural innovation; and outreach to support rural innovation. The extensive coverage of subjects is complemented with integrated references and a companion website, making this book essential reading for courses in international agricultural systems and management, sustainable agricultural management, and cropping systems. This book will be a valuable resource for students of agricultural science, environmental engineering, and rural planning; researchers and scientists in agricultural development agencies; and practitioners of agricultural development in government extension programs, development agencies, and NGOs. Provides students with an enhanced understanding of how research can be harnessed for sustainable agriculture Incorporates social, biological, chemical, and geographical aspects important to agroecology Addresses social and development issues related to farming systems

Author : Ika Darnhofer,David Gibbon,Benoît Dedieu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-05-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400745032

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Farming Systems Research into the 21st Century: The New Dynamic by Ika Darnhofer,David Gibbon,Benoît Dedieu Pdf

Farming Systems Research has three core characteristics: it builds on systems thinking, it depends on the close collaboration between social and biophysical sciences, and it relies on participation to build co-learning processes. Farming Systems Research posits that to contribute towards sustainable rural development, both interdisciplinary collaborations and local actor engagement are needed. Together, they allow for changes in understanding and changes in practices. This book gives an overview of the insights generated in 20 years of Farming Systems Research. It retraces the emergence and development of Farming Systems Research in Europe, summarises the state-of-the-art for key areas, and provides an outlook on new explorations, especially those tackling the dynamic nature of farming systems and their interaction with the natural environment and the context of action.

Author : Iftikhar Ahmad,Iftikhar Ahmed,Vernon W. Ruttan
Publisher : Gower Publishing Company, Limited
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : MINN:31951000418962H

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Generation and Diffusion of Agricultural Innovations by Iftikhar Ahmad,Iftikhar Ahmed,Vernon W. Ruttan Pdf

Author : Ian Scoones,John Thompson
Publisher : Practical Action Publishing
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : WISC:89106470131

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Farmer First Revisited by Ian Scoones,John Thompson Pdf

Agriculture is an urgent global priority and farmers find themselves in the front line of some of the world's most pressing issues- climate change, globalization and food security. Twenty years ago, the Farmer First workshop held at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK, launched a movement to encourage farmer participation in agricultural research and development (R & D), responding to farmers' needs in complex, diverse, risk-prone environments, and promoting sustainable livelihoods and agriculture. Since that time, methodological, institutional and policy experiments have unfolded around the world. Farmer First Revisited returns to the debates about farmer participation in agricultural R & D and looks to the future.The book presents a range of experiences that highlight the importance of going beyond a focus on the farm to a wider innovation system, including market interactions as well as the wider institutional and policy environment. If, however, farmers are really to be put first, a politics of demand is required in order to shape the direction of these innovative systems.

Author : Qiguo Zhao,Jikun Huang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-10-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642191282

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Agricultural Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 by Qiguo Zhao,Jikun Huang Pdf

As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of agriculture. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China’s modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China’s S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China’s reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China’s modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China’s reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation’s highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government’s decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China’s high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.

Author : Han Jun
Publisher : American Academic Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781631814006

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CHINA: FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL GOING GLOBAL by Han Jun Pdf

Through decades of efforts, China has overall achieved self-sufficiency in food supply, which is the result of effective policies and measures adopted by the Chinese government. This book focuses on China’s food security strategy and agricultural going global strategy and goes into details on policies and measures for achieving domestic food security. It specially analyzes status and development trend of China’s corn industry since corn is the most sensitive grain variety that plays an important role as food, feed and raw material for bioenergy. It also studies overseas agricultural development potential for agricultural investment and cooperation globally. It finally elaborates China’s agricultural going global strategy, with specific cases to evaluate policy effect, in order to promote international cooperation in agriculture. The conclusions are that as the world’s most populated country, China should rely on its domestic production to ensure food supply. However, with intensified constraints on resources and environment, China should appropriately adjust its food security goals to ensure the basic self-sufficiency of cereals and rely more on global markets for non-cereal grain varieties. Looking to the future, China should establish a food security system that is efficient, open and sustainable through profound reform to increase its domestic food productivity, promote sustainable development of agriculture, and expand international cooperation in agriculture.

Author : Swelam, A., Abdallah, E., Salem, S.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251362006

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Comprehensive assessment of national agricultural research and extension systems with a special focus on agricultural research for development in Egypt by Swelam, A., Abdallah, E., Salem, S. Pdf

This case study was conducted to provide a good understanding of the challenges and opportunities related to Egypt’s agricultural research and organizational development to draw lessons and develop supporting guidelines. This study aimed to enhance efforts exerted by Egypt’s NARS in the field of developmental research by formulating an integrated and coherent approach for research and dissemination of proven technologies and practices. Such approaches are expected to address key bottlenecks and provide the needed direction and means for sustainable improved implementation of AR4D. This can ultimately lead to enhancing and empowering the capacity of Egypt’s NARS to better inform and influence policies and facilitate institutional changes required in the agricultural sector. As part of the efforts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to support and strengthen NARS’ research impact and their links to extension service systems, the present assessment was carried out to establish a deeper insight into challenges and opportunities that are facing NARS in Egypt.

Author : Charles H. Antholt
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0821325108

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Getting Ready for the Twenty-first Century by Charles H. Antholt Pdf

The productivity growth of farming in Asian countries over the past few decades highlights the high returns on investments in agricultural research and extension made in the region. This publication examines the performance of agricultural research and extension programmes in Asia, including the World Bank's training and visit (TandV) system, the challenges they face, and ways of improving their relevance, responsiveness, and cost- effectiveness. Conclusions reached include the importance of raising agricultural productivity through new technology in order to promote long- term growth and poverty reduction, and the need for less intensive and more environmentally sound agricultural practices.

Author : Bhabani Shankar Nayak
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811652523

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China: The Bankable State by Bhabani Shankar Nayak Pdf

The volume on China: The Bankable State rejects neoliberal consensus and focuses on crucial contributions of the Chinese state in shaping Chinese economy. This book makes crucial theoretical contributions to the study of local political economy of China. This book engages with Chinese state responses to challenges China faces in the processes of reform, transition and development of both commercial and non-commercial banks. This book explores Chinese economic growth and development policy processes and its uniqueness in the wider world economy. The book examines Chinese financial policy praxis and offers an insightful account of its successes for the wider resurgence of alternative political economy of local development. Additionally, this book also showcases state led entrepreneurship in China.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Yang, P,Wang, X,Ou, Y,Kim, J,Lee, S
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251382370

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Handbook on establishing and operating multi-actors agricultural innovation platforms by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Yang, P,Wang, X,Ou, Y,Kim, J,Lee, S Pdf

Multi-actor agricultural innovation platforms (MAIPs), as models for inclusive and collaborative innovation, are increasingly deployed in farmer communities to solve the last-mile bottleneck, namely, the empowerment of smallholder farmers and value chain actors to access innovation and services to drive field-level change. Facilitators play a critical role in establishing and operating MAIPs, stimulating interactions among MAIP actors and thereby supporting co-innovation and co-learning processes. They are usually specialized MAIP actors (e.g. researchers, extension agents, agricultural educationists, brokers, NGO activists, traders and processors). Qualified MAIP facilitators, as value chain intermediaries and coordinators, are required to have strong facilitation skills and relevant technical background. They are normally trained through training of MAIP facilitator courses or through the implementation of a MAIP. This handbook aims to support MAIP facilitators to establish and operate MAIPs. It summarizes the experience of the MAIPs in persimmon, hazelnut and honey value chains that FAO implemented as part of the European Union-funded project “Development of sustainable and inclusive local food systems in north-west region of Azerbaijan (GCP/AZE/014/EC)”, the “Tropical Agricultural Platform Agricultural Innovation System (TAP-AIS)” project implemented in Malawi, and the Science and Technology Backyard (STB) initiative led by the China Agricultural University (CAU). It also draws on the experience of the training course “Training of master trainers for establishing and operating Multi-actors Agricultural Innovation Platforms” co-organized by FAO and CAU on 11–15 July 2023.