An Introduction To Universal Artificial Intelligence

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Universal Artificial Intelligence

Marcus Hutter
Universal Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Marcus Hutter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2005-12-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540268772

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Universal Artificial Intelligence by Marcus Hutter Pdf

Personal motivation. The dream of creating artificial devices that reach or outperform human inteUigence is an old one. It is also one of the dreams of my youth, which have never left me. What makes this challenge so interesting? A solution would have enormous implications on our society, and there are reasons to believe that the AI problem can be solved in my expected lifetime. So, it's worth sticking to it for a lifetime, even if it takes 30 years or so to reap the benefits. The AI problem. The science of artificial intelligence (AI) may be defined as the construction of intelligent systems and their analysis. A natural definition of a system is anything that has an input and an output stream. Intelligence is more complicated. It can have many faces like creativity, solving prob lems, pattern recognition, classification, learning, induction, deduction, build ing analogies, optimization, surviving in an environment, language processing, and knowledge. A formal definition incorporating every aspect of intelligence, however, seems difficult. Most, if not all known facets of intelligence can be formulated as goal driven or, more precisely, as maximizing some utility func tion. It is, therefore, sufficient to study goal-driven AI; e. g. the (biological) goal of animals and humans is to survive and spread. The goal of AI systems should be to be useful to humans.

An Introduction to Universal Artificial Intelligence

Marcus Hutter,David Quarel,Elliot Catt
An Introduction to Universal Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Marcus Hutter,David Quarel,Elliot Catt
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 517 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781003821977

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An Introduction to Universal Artificial Intelligence by Marcus Hutter,David Quarel,Elliot Catt Pdf

An Introduction to Universal Artificial Intelligence provides the formal underpinning of what it means for an agent to act intelligently in an unknown environment. First presented in Universal Algorithmic Intelligence (Hutter, 2000), UAI offers a framework in which virtually all AI problems can be formulated, and a theory of how to solve them. UAI unifies ideas from sequential decision theory, Bayesian inference, and algorithmic information theory to construct AIXI, an optimal reinforcement learning agent that learns to act optimally in unknown environments. AIXI is the theoretical gold standard for intelligent behavior. The book covers both the theoretical and practical aspects of UAI. Bayesian updating can be done efficiently with context tree weighting, and planning can be approximated by sampling with Monte Carlo tree search. It provides algorithms for the reader to implement, and experimental results to compare against. These algorithms are used to approximate AIXI. The book ends with a philosophical discussion of Artificial General Intelligence: Can super-intelligent agents even be constructed? Is it inevitable that they will be constructed, and what are the potential consequences? This text is suitable for late undergraduate students. It provides an extensive chapter to fill in the required mathematics, probability, information, and computability theory background.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Philip C. Jackson
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Philip C. Jackson
Publisher : Courier Dover Publications
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780486843070

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Introduction to Artificial Intelligence by Philip C. Jackson Pdf

Can computers think? Updated edition, ideal for lay readers and students of computer science, offers well-illustrated, easy-to-read discussions of problem-solving methods and representations, game playing, neural networks, more. 2019 edition.

The Quest for a Universal Theory of Intelligence

Christian Hugo Hoffmann
The Quest for a Universal Theory of Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Christian Hugo Hoffmann
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110756166

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The Quest for a Universal Theory of Intelligence by Christian Hugo Hoffmann Pdf

Recent findings about the capabilities of smart animals such as corvids or octopi and novel types of artificial intelligence (AI), from social robots to cognitive assistants, are provoking the demand for new answers for meaningful comparison with other kinds of intelligence. This book fills this need by proposing a universal theory of intelligence which is based on causal learning as the central theme of intelligence. The goal is not just to describe, but mainly to explain queries like why one kind of intelligence is more intelligent than another, whatsoever the intelligence. Shiny terms like "strong AI," "superintelligence," "singularity" or "artificial general intelligence" that have been coined by a Babylonian confusion of tongues are clarified on the way.

Artificial Intelligence

Richard E. Neapolitan,Xia Jiang
Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Richard E. Neapolitan,Xia Jiang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-03-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781351384384

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Artificial Intelligence by Richard E. Neapolitan,Xia Jiang Pdf

The first edition of this popular textbook, Contemporary Artificial Intelligence, provided an accessible and student friendly introduction to AI. This fully revised and expanded update, Artificial Intelligence: With an Introduction to Machine Learning, Second Edition, retains the same accessibility and problem-solving approach, while providing new material and methods. The book is divided into five sections that focus on the most useful techniques that have emerged from AI. The first section of the book covers logic-based methods, while the second section focuses on probability-based methods. Emergent intelligence is featured in the third section and explores evolutionary computation and methods based on swarm intelligence. The newest section comes next and provides a detailed overview of neural networks and deep learning. The final section of the book focuses on natural language understanding. Suitable for undergraduate and beginning graduate students, this class-tested textbook provides students and other readers with key AI methods and algorithms for solving challenging problems involving systems that behave intelligently in specialized domains such as medical and software diagnostics, financial decision making, speech and text recognition, genetic analysis, and more.

Reinforcement Learning, second edition

Richard S. Sutton,Andrew G. Barto
Reinforcement Learning second edition Book PDF

Author : Richard S. Sutton,Andrew G. Barto
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262039246

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Reinforcement Learning, second edition by Richard S. Sutton,Andrew G. Barto Pdf

The significantly expanded and updated new edition of a widely used text on reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence. Reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence, is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives while interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the field's key ideas and algorithms. This second edition has been significantly expanded and updated, presenting new topics and updating coverage of other topics. Like the first edition, this second edition focuses on core online learning algorithms, with the more mathematical material set off in shaded boxes. Part I covers as much of reinforcement learning as possible without going beyond the tabular case for which exact solutions can be found. Many algorithms presented in this part are new to the second edition, including UCB, Expected Sarsa, and Double Learning. Part II extends these ideas to function approximation, with new sections on such topics as artificial neural networks and the Fourier basis, and offers expanded treatment of off-policy learning and policy-gradient methods. Part III has new chapters on reinforcement learning's relationships to psychology and neuroscience, as well as an updated case-studies chapter including AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero, Atari game playing, and IBM Watson's wagering strategy. The final chapter discusses the future societal impacts of reinforcement learning.

Foundations of Trusted Autonomy

Hussein A. Abbass,Jason Scholz,Darryn J. Reid
Foundations of Trusted Autonomy Book PDF

Author : Hussein A. Abbass,Jason Scholz,Darryn J. Reid
Publisher : Springer
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-01-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319648163

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Foundations of Trusted Autonomy by Hussein A. Abbass,Jason Scholz,Darryn J. Reid Pdf

This book establishes the foundations needed to realize the ultimate goals for artificial intelligence, such as autonomy and trustworthiness. Aimed at scientists, researchers, technologists, practitioners, and students, it brings together contributions offering the basics, the challenges and the state-of-the-art on trusted autonomous systems in a single volume. The book is structured in three parts, with chapters written by eminent researchers and outstanding practitioners and users in the field. The first part covers foundational artificial intelligence technologies, while the second part covers philosophical, practical and technological perspectives on trust. Lastly, the third part presents advanced topics necessary to create future trusted autonomous systems. The book augments theory with real-world applications including cyber security, defence and space.

An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence

Janet Finlay
An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Janet Finlay
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000154030

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An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence by Janet Finlay Pdf

An authoritative and accessible one-stop resource, An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence presents the first full examination of AI. Designed to provide an understanding of the foundations of artificial intelligence, it examines the central computational techniques employed by AI, including knowledge representation, search, reasoning, and learning, as well as the principal application domains of expert systems, natural language, vision, robotics, software agents and cognitive modeling. Many of the major philosophical and ethical issues of AI are also introduced. Throughout the volume, the authors provide detailed, well-illustrated treatments of each topic with abundant examples and exercises. The authors bring this exciting field to life by presenting a substantial and robust introduction to artificial intelligence in a clear and concise coursebook form. This book stands as a core text for all computer scientists approaching AI for the first time.

Artificial Whiteness

Yarden Katz
Artificial Whiteness Book PDF

Author : Yarden Katz
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780231551076

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Artificial Whiteness by Yarden Katz Pdf

Dramatic statements about the promise and peril of artificial intelligence for humanity abound, as an industry of experts claims that AI is poised to reshape nearly every sphere of life. Who profits from the idea that the age of AI has arrived? Why do ideas of AI’s transformative potential keep reappearing in social and political discourse, and how are they linked to broader political agendas? Yarden Katz reveals the ideology embedded in the concept of artificial intelligence, contending that it both serves and mimics the logic of white supremacy. He demonstrates that understandings of AI, as a field and a technology, have shifted dramatically over time based on the needs of its funders and the professional class that formed around it. From its origins in the Cold War military-industrial complex through its present-day Silicon Valley proselytizers and eager policy analysts, AI has never been simply a technical project enabled by larger data and better computing. Drawing on intimate familiarity with the field and its practices, Katz instead asks us to see how AI reinforces models of knowledge that assume white male superiority and an imperialist worldview. Only by seeing the connection between artificial intelligence and whiteness can we prioritize alternatives to the conception of AI as an all-encompassing technological force. Bringing together theories of whiteness and race in the humanities and social sciences with a deep understanding of the history and practice of science and computing, Artificial Whiteness is an incisive, urgent critique of the uses of AI as a political tool to uphold social hierarchies.

Artificial Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction

Margaret A. Boden
Artificial Intelligence A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Margaret A. Boden
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780191080074

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Artificial Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction by Margaret A. Boden Pdf

The applications of Artificial Intelligence lie all around us; in our homes, schools and offices, in our cinemas, in art galleries and - not least - on the Internet. The results of Artificial Intelligence have been invaluable to biologists, psychologists, and linguists in helping to understand the processes of memory, learning, and language from a fresh angle. As a concept, Artificial Intelligence has fuelled and sharpened the philosophical debates concerning the nature of the mind, intelligence, and the uniqueness of human beings. In this Very Short Introduction , Margaret A. Boden reviews the philosophical and technological challenges raised by Artificial Intelligence, considering whether programs could ever be really intelligent, creative or even conscious, and shows how the pursuit of Artificial Intelligence has helped us to appreciate how human and animal minds are possible. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Scary Smart

Mo Gawdat
Scary Smart Book PDF

Author : Mo Gawdat
Publisher : Bluebird
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2022-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1529077656

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Scary Smart by Mo Gawdat Pdf

A Sunday Times Business Book of the Year. Scary Smart will teach you how to navigate the scary and inevitable intrusion of Artificial Intelligence, with an accessible blueprint for creating a harmonious future alongside AI. From Mo Gawdat, the former Chief Business Officer at Google [X] and bestselling author of Solve for Happy. Technology is putting our humanity at risk to an unprecedented degree. This book is not for engineers who write the code or the policy makers who claim they can regulate it. This is a book for you. Because, believe it or not, you are the only one that can fix it. - Mo Gawdat Artificial intelligence is smarter than humans. It can process information at lightning speed and remain focused on specific tasks without distraction. AI can see into the future, predict outcomes and even use sensors to see around physical and virtual corners. So why does AI frequently get it so wrong and cause harm? The answer is us: the human beings who write the code and teach AI to mimic our behaviour. Scary Smart explains how to fix the current trajectory now, to make sure that the AI of the future can preserve our species. This book offers a blueprint, pointing the way to what we can do to safeguard ourselves, those we love, and the planet itself. 'No one ever regrets reading anything Mo Gawdat has written.' - Emma Gannon, author of The Multi-Hyphen Method and host of the podcast Ctrl Alt Delete

Artificial General Intelligence

Ben Goertzel,Cassio Pennachin
Artificial General Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Ben Goertzel,Cassio Pennachin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2007-01-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540686774

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Artificial General Intelligence by Ben Goertzel,Cassio Pennachin Pdf

“Only a small community has concentratedon general intelligence. No one has tried to make a thinking machine . . . The bottom line is that we really haven’t progressed too far toward a truly intelligent machine. We have collections of dumb specialists in small domains; the true majesty of general intelligence still awaits our attack. . . . We have got to get back to the deepest questions of AI and general intelligence. . . ” –MarvinMinsky as interviewed in Hal’s Legacy, edited by David Stork, 2000. Our goal in creating this edited volume has been to ?ll an apparent gap in the scienti?c literature, by providing a coherent presentation of a body of contemporary research that, in spite of its integral importance, has hitherto kept a very low pro?le within the scienti?c and intellectual community. This body of work has not been given a name before; in this book we christen it “Arti?cial General Intelligence” (AGI). What distinguishes AGI work from run-of-the-mill “arti?cial intelligence” research is that it is explicitly focused on engineering general intelligence in the short term. We have been active researchers in the AGI ?eld for many years, and it has been a pleasure to gather together papers from our colleagues working on related ideas from their own perspectives. In the Introduction we give a conceptual overview of the AGI ?eld, and also summarize and interrelate the key ideas of the papers in the subsequent chapters.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Philip C. Jackson
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Philip C. Jackson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : UCAL:B4502749

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Introduction to Artificial Intelligence by Philip C. Jackson Pdf

This book is intended to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of artificial intelligence, written primarily for the student who has some knowledge of computers and mathematics (say, at the junior or senior levels of college). The subjects for discussion are machines that can solve problems, play games, recognize patters, prove mathematical theorems, understand English, and even demonstrate learning, by changing their own behavior so as to perform such tasks more successfully. In general, this book is addressed to all person who are interested in studying the nature of thought, and hopefully much of it can be read without previous, formal exposure to mathematics and computers.

An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications

Ming Li,Paul Vitanyi
An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications Book PDF

Author : Ming Li,Paul Vitanyi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 655 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781475726060

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An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications by Ming Li,Paul Vitanyi Pdf

Briefly, we review the basic elements of computability theory and prob ability theory that are required. Finally, in order to place the subject in the appropriate historical and conceptual context we trace the main roots of Kolmogorov complexity. This way the stage is set for Chapters 2 and 3, where we introduce the notion of optimal effective descriptions of objects. The length of such a description (or the number of bits of information in it) is its Kolmogorov complexity. We treat all aspects of the elementary mathematical theory of Kolmogorov complexity. This body of knowledge may be called algo rithmic complexity theory. The theory of Martin-Lof tests for random ness of finite objects and infinite sequences is inextricably intertwined with the theory of Kolmogorov complexity and is completely treated. We also investigate the statistical properties of finite strings with high Kolmogorov complexity. Both of these topics are eminently useful in the applications part of the book. We also investigate the recursion theoretic properties of Kolmogorov complexity (relations with Godel's incompleteness result), and the Kolmogorov complexity version of infor mation theory, which we may call "algorithmic information theory" or "absolute information theory. " The treatment of algorithmic probability theory in Chapter 4 presup poses Sections 1. 6, 1. 11. 2, and Chapter 3 (at least Sections 3. 1 through 3. 4).

Artificial Intelligence

Melanie Mitchell
Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Melanie Mitchell
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780374715236

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Artificial Intelligence by Melanie Mitchell Pdf

Melanie Mitchell separates science fact from science fiction in this sweeping examination of the current state of AI and how it is remaking our world No recent scientific enterprise has proved as alluring, terrifying, and filled with extravagant promise and frustrating setbacks as artificial intelligence. The award-winning author Melanie Mitchell, a leading computer scientist, now reveals AI’s turbulent history and the recent spate of apparent successes, grand hopes, and emerging fears surrounding it. In Artificial Intelligence, Mitchell turns to the most urgent questions concerning AI today: How intelligent—really—are the best AI programs? How do they work? What can they actually do, and when do they fail? How humanlike do we expect them to become, and how soon do we need to worry about them surpassing us? Along the way, she introduces the dominant models of modern AI and machine learning, describing cutting-edge AI programs, their human inventors, and the historical lines of thought underpinning recent achievements. She meets with fellow experts such as Douglas Hofstadter, the cognitive scientist and Pulitzer Prize–winning author of the modern classic Gödel, Escher, Bach, who explains why he is “terrified” about the future of AI. She explores the profound disconnect between the hype and the actual achievements in AI, providing a clear sense of what the field has accomplished and how much further it has to go. Interweaving stories about the science of AI and the people behind it, Artificial Intelligence brims with clear-sighted, captivating, and accessible accounts of the most interesting and provocative modern work in the field, flavored with Mitchell’s humor and personal observations. This frank, lively book is an indispensable guide to understanding today’s AI, its quest for “human-level” intelligence, and its impact on the future for us all.