Anglo American Policy Toward The Persian Gulf 1978 1985

Anglo American Policy Toward The Persian Gulf 1978 1985 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Anglo American Policy Toward The Persian Gulf 1978 1985 book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.

Anglo-American Policy Toward the Persian Gulf, 1978-1985

Tore T. Petersen
Anglo American Policy Toward the Persian Gulf 1978 1985 Book PDF

Author : Tore T. Petersen
Publisher : Apollo Books
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 1845193717

Get Book

Anglo-American Policy Toward the Persian Gulf, 1978-1985 by Tore T. Petersen Pdf

For many commentators and historians the announcement of the Carter Doctrine signaled the end of the British presence and the final transfer of power to the United States in the Persian Gulf. But on the ground the reality was different. After the announcement of the British leaving the Persian Gulf in 1971, formal positions were replaced by informal ones. Britain still ran much of the political, economic, and military life in the lower Gulf and in the Arabian Peninsula. The transition from formal to informal empire was seamless: British influence remained large and almost paramount in the region. Margaret Thatcher's premiership saw a sharp increase in British influence not only in the traditional British enclaves of the Persian Gulf sheikdoms, but surprisingly even in Saudi Arabia. The historic Al-Yamamah deal with Saudi Arabia in 1985, selling advanced fighter aircraft, was Britain's largest ever arms deal. While British influence in the Gulf increased, the Americans floundered, culminating in the ignominy of the Iran/Contra scandal and the Reagan administration meekly accepting Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein's apology for attacking the USS Stark and killing 34 American sailors in May 1987--payback for the Irani-American rapprochement. Tore T. Petersen sets out the policy objectives of Great Britain and the United States as they confronted the initial emergence of fundamentalist Islam, with the occupation of the Holy Mosque in Mecca and Khomenei's revolution in Iran. Research by the author in the Nixon, Carter, and Reagan presidential libraries provides strong evidence for U.S. strategy based on Nixonian foreign policy objectives, supported all the way through to the Reagan administration.

Richard Nixon, Great Britain and the Anglo-American Alignment in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula

Tore T. Petersen
Richard Nixon Great Britain and the Anglo American Alignment in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Book PDF

Author : Tore T. Petersen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 1845194667

Get Book

Richard Nixon, Great Britain and the Anglo-American Alignment in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula by Tore T. Petersen Pdf

When the British Labour party announced the withdrawal of British forces from the Persian Gulf in January 1968, the United States faced a potential power vacuum in the area. The incoming Nixon administration - preoccupied with the Soviet Union, China, and the war in Vietnam - had no intention of replacing the British in the Gulf. To avoid further military commitments, the US encouraged Iran and Saudi Arabia to maintain area security. A critical policy decision, overlooked by most scholars, saw Nixon and Kissinger engineer the rise in oil prices between 1969 and 1972, to enable Saudi Arabia and Iran to purchase the necessary military hardware to serve as guardians of the Gulf. For all their bluster about reversing Labour's withdrawal decision, after their surprise victory in the election of June 1970, the Conservatives adhered to Labour's policy. But in contrast to Labour's wish to cut the umbilical cord of empire, the Tories wanted to retain influence in the Persian Gulf, pursuing policies largely independent of the US by the creation of the United Arab Emirates, deposing the sultan of Oman, and trying to solve the dispute over the Buraimi oasis with Saudi Arabia. By trying to maintain its empire on the cheap, Britain turned into an arms supplier supreme. But offering and selling arms does not a foreign policy make, leaving Britain, in the long run, with less influence in regional affairs. This was true also for the US, whose arms sales were to prove no realistic an alternative to foreign policy. The US hid under the Iranian security blanket for almost a decade. Given the weakness of the regime and the Shah's unrealistic dreams of turning Iran into one of the top five industrial and military powers in the world, the policy was cavalierly irresponsible. Similarly, leaving Saudi Arabia wallowing in oil money and medieval stupor - a seedbed for Islamic fundamentalists - created major future problems for the US, as evinced by 9/11. This book analyzes Anglo-American relations in the Middle East from Eisenhower to Nixon. It gives a detailed discussion of international oil diplomacy in the period 1969-1973. It also provides an extensive study of the Nixon administration's and the Heath government's policies towards the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula.

Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics

Mehran Kamrava
Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics Book PDF

Author : Mehran Kamrava
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 615 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780429514081

Get Book

Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics by Mehran Kamrava Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of Persian Gulf politics, history, economics, and society. The volume begins its examination of Ottoman rule in the Arabian Peninsula, exploring other dimensions of the region’s history up until and after independence in the 1960s and 1970s. Featuring scholars from a range of disciplines, the book demonstrates how the Persian Gulf’s current, complex politics is a product of interwoven dynamics rooted in historical developments and memories, profound social, cultural, and economic changes underway since the 1980s and the 1990s, and inter-state and international relations among both regional actors and between them and the rest of the world. The book comprises a total of 36 individual chapters divided into the following six sections: Historical Context Society and Culture Economic Development Domestic Politics Regional Security Dynamics The Persian Gulf and the World Examining the Persian Gulf’s increasing importance in regional politics, diplomacy, economics, and security issues, the volume is a valuable resource for scholars, students, and policy makers interested in political science, history, Gulf studies, and the Middle East.

Britain and the Arab Gulf after Empire

Simon C. Smith
Britain and the Arab Gulf after Empire Book PDF

Author : Simon C. Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317559313

Get Book

Britain and the Arab Gulf after Empire by Simon C. Smith Pdf

Although Britain’s formal imperial role in the smaller, oil-rich sheikdoms of the Arab Gulf – Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates – ended in 1971, Britain continued to have a strong interest and continuing presence in the region. This book explores the nature of Britain’s role after the formal end of empire. It traces the historical events of the post-imperial years, including the 1973 oil shock, the fall of the Shah in Iran and the beginnings of the Iran-Iraq War, considers the changing positions towards the region of other major world powers, including the United States, and engages with debates on the nature of empire and the end of empire. The book is a sequel to the authors’ highly acclaimed previous books Britain's Revival and Fall in the Gulf: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, 1950-71 (Routledge 2004) and Ending Empire in the Middle East: Britain, the United States and Post-war Decolonization, 1945-1973 (Routledge 2012).

Britain, America, and the Special Relationship since 1941

B. J. C McKercher
Britain America and the Special Relationship since 1941 Book PDF

Author : B. J. C McKercher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351776318

Get Book

Britain, America, and the Special Relationship since 1941 by B. J. C McKercher Pdf

Britain, America and the Special Relationship since 1941 examines the Anglo-American strategic and military relationship that developed during the Second World War and continued until recent years. Forged on a common ground of social, cultural, and ideological values as well as political expediency, this partnership formed the basis of the western alliance throughout the Cold War, playing an essential part in bringing stability to the post-1945 international order. Clearly written and chronologically organized, the book begins by discussing the origins of the ‘Special Relationship’ and its progression from uneasy coexistence in the eighteenth century to collaboration at the start of the Second World War. McKercher explores the continued evolution of this partnership during the conflicts that followed, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Falklands War. The book concludes by looking at the developments in British and American politics during the past two decades and analysing the changing dynamics of this alliance over the course of its existence. Illustrated with maps and photographs and supplemented by a chronology of events and list of key figures, this is an essential introductory resource for students of the political history and foreign policies of Britain and the United States in the twentieth century.

Israel in a Turbulent Region

Tore T. Petersen
Israel in a Turbulent Region Book PDF

Author : Tore T. Petersen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429864773

Get Book

Israel in a Turbulent Region by Tore T. Petersen Pdf

This anthology examines and deconstructs what Israeli security looks like and how its various security identities have evolved both before the establishment of the state and in the years and decades since 1948. It casts light on how aspects of Israel’s foreign relations have been shaped as much by internal politics as by external challenge. Further, not only does it answer the questions surrounding Israel’s past, but examines carefully what type of country it has now become. Compared to much of the turbulence in the region, Israel’s diplomacies have been remarkably resilient and inventive. With the background of 100th anniversary of the Balfour declaration this book is a multidisciplinary study using several different methodological approaches; from discursive analyses, to theories of memories and identity, to interviews with Israeli soldiers in the field, to a legal approach to the topic, as well as International Relations studies and traditional archival studies. South Africa was one of Israel’s main partners in terms of security cooperation and weapons research and development until the fall of the apartheid regime. This has been compensated with Israel opening up diplomatic relations with China (1991) and India (1992) and extending its ties with Japan. While the EU often criticize Israel’s policies against the Palestinians, this is mostly rhetoric as for practical purposes Israel is like a member of the EU. This comprehensive volume studying contemporary Israel is an invaluable resource for students and scholars interested in Foreign and Security Policy, Israel and the Middle East.

Military Conquest of the Prairie

Tore T. Petersen
Military Conquest of the Prairie Book PDF

Author : Tore T. Petersen
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2016-06-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782843191

Get Book

Military Conquest of the Prairie by Tore T. Petersen Pdf

The Military Conquest of the Prairie is a study on the final wars on the prairie from the Native American perspective. When the reservation system took hold about one-third of tribes stayed permanently there, one-third during the harsh winter months, and the last third remained on what the government termed unceded territory, which Native Americans had the right to occupy by treaty. For the Federal government it was completely unacceptable that some Indians refused to submit to its authority. Both the Red River war (1874-75) in the south and the great Sioux war (1876-77) in the north were the direct result of Federal violation of treaties and agreements. At issue was the one-sided violence against free roaming tribes that were trying to maintain their old way of life, at the heart of which was avoidance on intermingling with white men. Contrary to the expectations of the government, and indeed to most historical accounts, the Native Americans were winning on the battlefields with clear conceptions of strategy and tactics. They only laid down their arms when their reservation was secured on their homeland, thus providing their preferred living space and enabling them to continue their way of life in security. But white man perfidy and governmental double-cross were the order of the day. The Federal government found it intolerable that what it termed savages' should be able to determine their own future. Vicious attacks were initiated in order to stamp out tribalism, resulting in driving the US aboriginal population almost to extinction. Analysis of these events is discussed in light of the passing of the Dawes Act in 1887 that provided for breaking up the reservations to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 that gave a semblance of justice to Native Americans.

Widening the World of International Relations

Ersel Aydinli,Gonca Biltekin
Widening the World of International Relations Book PDF

Author : Ersel Aydinli,Gonca Biltekin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351332842

Get Book

Widening the World of International Relations by Ersel Aydinli,Gonca Biltekin Pdf

Current international relations (IR) theories and approaches, which are almost exclusively built in the West, are alien to the non-Western contexts that engender the most hard-pressing problems of the world and ultimately unhelpful in understanding or addressing the needs surrounding these issues. Our supposedly revolutionary new concepts and approaches remain largely insufficient in explaining what happens globally and in offering lessons for improvement. This deficiency can only be addressed by building more relevant theories. For theory to be relevant in accounting for contemporary international relations, we argue, it should not only apply to, but also emanate from different corners of the current political universe. In other words, diversity and dialogue can only come about when periphery scholars do not just "meta-theorize" but also "theorize." Aydinli and Biltekin propose a new form of theorizing through this collection of work, one that effectively blends peripheral outlooks with theory production. They call this form "homegrown theorizing," or original theorizing in the periphery about the periphery. Arguing that disciplinary culture is oblivious to the diversity that might be achieved by theorizing based on indigenous ideas and/or practices, this book intends to highlight that potential, showing diversity in the background of the authors, because wherever one looks at the world from, paints the picture that is being seen. Therefore, we bring together scholars from Eastern Europe to South Africa, from Iran to Japan to cover the extant diversity in ideas. This work will be essential reading for all students and scholars concerned with the future of international relations theory.

Historical Dictionary of Saudi Arabia

J.E. Peterson
Historical Dictionary of Saudi Arabia Book PDF

Author : J.E. Peterson
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781538119808

Get Book

Historical Dictionary of Saudi Arabia by J.E. Peterson Pdf

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia now has been under the spotlight of Western curiosity for more than 80 years. More than 15% of the world’s total oil reserves lie underneath Saudi Arabia and, in the early 1990s, the kingdom became the world’s largest crude oil producer. Not surprisingly, a world highly dependent on oil regards the desert kingdom as an area of intense strategic concern, as reflected in the coalition of forces assembled on Saudi soil to oust Iraq from Kuwait in 1991. Also, it played a major role in the invasion of Saddam Husayn’s Iraq in 2003 and shares concern with the West over Iran’s nuclear intentions throughout the 21st century. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Saudi Arabia contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1,000 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Saudi Arabia.

Fraternal Enemies

Clive Jones,Yoel Gozansky
Fraternal Enemies Book PDF

Author : Clive Jones,Yoel Gozansky
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197521878

Get Book

Fraternal Enemies by Clive Jones,Yoel Gozansky Pdf

Relations between Israel and the Gulf states are not anything new. In the immediate aftermath of the 1993 Oslo Accords, both Qatar and Oman established low-level yet open diplomatic ties with Israel. In 2010, Ha'aretz reported that the former Israeli foreign minister, Tzipi Livni, was on friendly terms with Shaykh Abdullah Ibn Zayed, her counterpart from the UAE, despite the absence of formal diplomatic ties between the two states. The shared suspicion towards the regional designs of Iran that undoubtedly underpinned these ties even extended, it was alleged, to a secret dialogue between Israel and Saudi Arabia, led by the late Meir Dagan, the former head of Mossad. Cooperation between Israel and Saudi Arabia in thwarting Iran's regional ambitions also casts light on Washington's lack of strategic leadership, which had previously been the totem around which Israel and the Gulf states had based regional security strategies. Jones and Guzansky contend that, at the very least, ties between Israel and many of its Gulf counterparts are now more vibrant than hitherto realized. They constitute a tacit security regime which, while based on hard power interests, does not preclude competition in other areas. Ultimately, these relations are helping shape a new regional order in the Middle East.

The Iran-Iraq War

Stephen C. Pelletière
The Iran Iraq War Book PDF

Author : Stephen C. Pelletière
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1992-03-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780313069499

Get Book

The Iran-Iraq War by Stephen C. Pelletière Pdf

This book is a major reinterpretation of the Iran-Iraq War and is a source for reexamining the U.S. involvement in the Gulf. Pelletiere demonstrates that the war was not a standoff in which Iraq finally won a grinding war of attrition through luck, persistence, and the use of poison gas. Instead, Iraq planned the last campaign almost two years prior to its unfolding. [The Iraqis] trained extensively and expended enormous sums of money to make their effort succeed. What won for them was their superior fignting prowess and greater commitment. Gas--if it was used at all--played only a minor part in the victory.' Pelletiere concludes that the key to understanding the war is the Extraordinary Congress of the Ba'th Party held in July 1986. It was there that the initial planning for the final campaign was done, and this campaign is what decided the fate of the conflict. The study centers around the last Iraqi campaign, which Pelletiere argues was based upon World War II blitzkrieg tactics, but he also treats the background, the politics, and the history of the conflict, and analyzes the significance of the war to the Middle East and to the position of the United States there.

The Economic Consequences of the Gulf War

Kamran Mofid
The Economic Consequences of the Gulf War Book PDF

Author : Kamran Mofid
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134939640

Get Book

The Economic Consequences of the Gulf War by Kamran Mofid Pdf

The Iran-Iraq War were one of the longest and most devastating uninterrupted wars amongst modern nation states. It produced neither victor nor vanquished and left the regimes in both countries basically intact. However, it is clear that the domestic, regional and international repercussions of the war mean that 'going back' is not an option. Iraq owes too much to regain the lead it formerly held in economic performance and development levels. What then does reconstruction mean? In this book, Kamran Mofid counteracts the scant analysis to date of the economic consequences of the Gulf War by analysing its impact on both economies in terms of oil production, exports, foreign exchange earnings, non-defence foreign trade and agricultural performance. In the final section, Mofid brings together the component parts of the economic cost of the war to assign a dollar value to the devastation.

American Foreign Policy: To 1914

Thomas G. Paterson,John Garry Clifford,Kenneth J. Hagan
American Foreign Policy To 1914 Book PDF

Author : Thomas G. Paterson,John Garry Clifford,Kenneth J. Hagan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : History
ISBN : NWU:35556018943357

Get Book

American Foreign Policy: To 1914 by Thomas G. Paterson,John Garry Clifford,Kenneth J. Hagan Pdf

This is the latest edition of a major work on the history of American foreign policy. The volume reflects the revisionism prevalent in the field but offers balanced accounts. Changes from the earlier edition include a reworked final chapter featuring new material on the Reagan Administration and the nuclear arms race, and an expanded coverage of the 1865-1895 period. It contains numerous illustrations: photographs, graphs and charts, maps, and contemporary cartoons. ISBN 0-669-12664-0 (pbk.): $14.50.

Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah

Roham Alvandi
Nixon Kissinger and the Shah Book PDF

Author : Roham Alvandi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190610685

Get Book

Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah by Roham Alvandi Pdf

Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah offers a detailed account of three key historical episodes in the Nixon-Kissinger-Pahlavi partnership that shaped the global Cold War far beyond Iran's borders. It examines the emergence of Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf as the Nixon administration looked to the shah to fill the vacuum created by the British withdrawal from the region in 1971. It then turns to the peak of the partnership after Nixon and Kissinger's historic 1972 visit to Iran, when the shah succeeded in drawing the United States into his covert war against Iraq in Kurdistan. Finally, it focuses on the decline of the partnership under Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, through a history of the failed negotiations from 1974 to 1976 for an agreement on U.S. nuclear exports to Iran. Taken together, these episodes map the rise of the fall of Iran's Cold War partnership with the United States during the decade of superpower détente, Vietnam, and Watergate.

Persian Gulf States

Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Persian Gulf States Book PDF

Author : Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Publisher : Division
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : History
ISBN : NYPL:33433076432958

Get Book

Persian Gulf States by Library of Congress. Federal Research Division Pdf

Research completed January 1993.