Animal Models In Light Of Evolution

Author : Niall Shanks,C. Ray Greek
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781599425023

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Animal Models in Light of Evolution by Niall Shanks,C. Ray Greek Pdf

The central concern of this book is with the "prediction problem" in biomedical research. In particular, the authors examine the use of animal models to predict human responses in drug and disease research. The arguments discussed are drawn from both biological and biomedical theory (with numerous examples and case studies drawn from evolutionary biology, complex systems theory, oncology, teratology, and AIDS research), and analyses of empirical evidence (concerning, for example, data on intra- and inter-species differences revealed by recent results from genome analyses of various species, human population studies, and statistical studies of the predictive utility of animal models). This book comes to the unique conclusion that while animals can be successfully used for many endeavors in science such as basic and comparative research, they cannot be used to predict drug and disease response in humans. The arguments presented are rooted in the history, philosophy, and methodology of biomedical research. This book will be of interest to anyone involved, directly or indirectly, in biomedical research (including physicians, veterinarians and scientists), and anyone interested in the history, philosophy and methodology of science. In contrast to books written by and for the animal rights movement and books written by and for the animal-based research industry, this book honestly examines all sides of the scientific arguments for using animals in science and concludes that each group in turn exaggerates the flaws or strengths of using animals. There are areas in science where animals can be viably used but there are also areas where they cannot be so used. REVIEWS See Philosophies, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 17 August 2010

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : Sackler Colloquium
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015073872999

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In the Light of Evolution by National Academy of Sciences Pdf

The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.

Author : Nathan Emery
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400882861

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Bird Brain by Nathan Emery Pdf

Why birds are smarter than we think Birds have not been known for their high IQs, which is why a person of questionable intelligence is sometimes called a "birdbrain." Yet in the past two decades, the study of avian intelligence has witnessed dramatic advances. From a time when birds were seen as simple instinct machines responding only to stimuli in their external worlds, we now know that some birds have complex internal worlds as well. This beautifully illustrated book provides an engaging exploration of the avian mind, revealing how science is exploding one of the most widespread myths about our feathered friends—and changing the way we think about intelligence in other animals as well. Bird Brain looks at the structures and functions of the avian brain, and describes the extraordinary behaviors that different types of avian intelligence give rise to. It offers insights into crows, jays, magpies, and other corvids—the “masterminds” of the avian world—as well as parrots and some less-studied species from around the world. This lively and accessible book shows how birds have sophisticated brains with abilities previously thought to be uniquely human, such as mental time travel, self-recognition, empathy, problem solving, imagination, and insight. Written by a leading expert and featuring a foreword by Frans de Waal, renowned for his work on animal intelligence, Bird Brain shines critical new light on the mental lives of birds.

Author : Mohammadali M. Shoja,Anastasia Arynchyna,Marios Loukas,Anthony V. D'Antoni,Sandra M. Buerger,Marion Karl,R. Shane Tubbs
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 786 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118907429

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A Guide to the Scientific Career by Mohammadali M. Shoja,Anastasia Arynchyna,Marios Loukas,Anthony V. D'Antoni,Sandra M. Buerger,Marion Karl,R. Shane Tubbs Pdf

A concise, easy-to-read source of essential tips and skills for writing research papers and career management In order to be truly successful in the biomedical professions, one must have excellent communication skills and networking abilities. Of equal importance is the possession of sufficient clinical knowledge, as well as a proficiency in conducting research and writing scientific papers. This unique and important book provides medical students and residents with the most commonly encountered topics in the academic and professional lifestyle, teaching them all of the practical nuances that are often only learned through experience. Written by a team of experienced professionals to help guide younger researchers, A Guide to the Scientific Career: Virtues, Communication, Research and Academic Writing features ten sections composed of seventy-four chapters that cover: qualities of research scientists; career satisfaction and its determinants; publishing in academic medicine; assessing a researcher’s scientific productivity and scholarly impact; manners in academics; communication skills; essence of collaborative research; dealing with manipulative people; writing and scientific misconduct: ethical and legal aspects; plagiarism; research regulations, proposals, grants, and practice; publication and resources; tips on writing every type of paper and report; and much more. An easy-to-read source of essential tips and skills for scientific research Emphasizes good communication skills, sound clinical judgment, knowledge of research methodology, and good writing skills Offers comprehensive guidelines that address every aspect of the medical student/resident academic and professional lifestyle Combines elements of a career-management guide and publication guide in one comprehensive reference source Includes selected personal stories by great researchers, fascinating writers, inspiring mentors, and extraordinary clinicians/scientists A Guide to the Scientific Career: Virtues, Communication, Research and Academic Writing is an excellent interdisciplinary text that will appeal to all medical students and scientists who seek to improve their writing and communication skills in order to make the most of their chosen career.

Author : Kathrin Herrmann,Kimberley Jayne
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Animal experimentation
ISBN : 9004356185

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Animal Experimentation by Kathrin Herrmann,Kimberley Jayne Pdf

Animal Experimentation: Working Towards a Paradigm Change critically appraises current animal use in science and discusses ways in which we can contribute to a paradigm change towards human-biology based approaches.

Author : C. Ray Greek,Jean Swingle Greek
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0826413986

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Specious Science by C. Ray Greek,Jean Swingle Greek Pdf

Builds on the message of Sacred Cows and Golden Geese to understand why medical research on animals really harms humans.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080921035

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Animal Models in Eye Research by Anonim Pdf

The eye is a complex sensory organ, which enables visual perception of the world. Thus the eye has several tissues that do different tasks. One of the most basic aspects of eye function is the sensitivity of cells to light and its transduction though the optic nerve to the brain. Different organisms use different ways to achieve these tasks. In this sense, eye function becomes a very important evolutionary aspect as well. This book presents the different animal models that are commonly used for eye research and their uniqueness in evaluating different aspects of eye development, evolution, physiology and disease. * Presents information on the major animal models used in eye research including invertebrates and vertebrates * Provides researchers with information needed to choose between model organisms * Includes an introductory chapter on the different types of eyes, stressing possible common molecular machinery

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-05-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309296434

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In the Light of Evolution by National Academy of Sciences Pdf

Humans possess certain unique mental traits. Self-reflection, as well as ethic and aesthetic values, is among them, constituting an essential part of what we call the human condition. The human mental machinery led our species to have a self-awareness but, at the same time, a sense of justice, willing to punish unfair actions even if the consequences of such outrages harm our own interests. Also, we appreciate searching for novelties, listening to music, viewing beautiful pictures, or living in well-designed houses. But why is this so? What is the meaning of our tendency, among other particularities, to defend and share values, to evaluate the rectitude of our actions and the beauty of our surroundings? What brain mechanisms correlate with the human capacity to maintain inner speech, or to carry out judgments of value? To what extent are they different from other primates' equivalent behaviors? In the Light of Evolution Volume VII aims to survey what has been learned about the human "mental machinery." This book is a collection of colloquium papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "The Human Mental Machinery," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 11-12, 2013. The colloquium brought together leading scientists who have worked on brain and mental traits. Their 16 contributions focus the objective of better understanding human brain processes, their evolution, and their eventual shared mechanisms with other animals. The articles are grouped into three primary sections: current study of the mind-brain relationships; the primate evolutionary continuity; and the human difference: from ethics to aesthetics. This book offers fresh perspectives coming from interdisciplinary approaches that open new research fields and constitute the state of the art in some important aspects of the mind-brain relationships.

Author : Richard P. Shefferson,Owen R. Jones,Roberto Salguero-Gómez
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107078505

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The Evolution of Senescence in the Tree of Life by Richard P. Shefferson,Owen R. Jones,Roberto Salguero-Gómez Pdf

Top researchers in the field introduce interdisciplinary perspectives on senescence, presenting new insights and cutting-edge research.

Author : Solomon P. Wasser,Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323907538

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New Horizons in Evolution by Solomon P. Wasser,Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern Pdf

New Horizons in Evolution is a compendium of the latest research, analyses, and theories of evolutionary biology. Chapters are collected from the international symposium held by the Board of Governors of the University of Haifa to honor Dr. Eviatar Nevo, founder and director of the Institute of Evolution. This book includes material written by top global scientists. Such detailed summaries and recent advances include topics like genomics, epigenetics, evolutionary theory, and the evolution of cancer. This book analyzes evolutionary biology of animals, such as lizards and subterranean mammals. It also discusses agricultural evolution, specifically the vital wheat crop in various climates and locations. Each chapter contributes the most up-to-date knowledge of evolution’s role in speciation, adaptation, and regulation. New Horizons in Evolution is a valuable resource for researchers involved in evolution, evolutionary biology, and evolutionary theory. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students in evolutionary biology courses will also find this useful due to the high expertise level and latest knowledge available through this resource. Examines the evolution of species in extreme conditions Discusses the role of evolution in medicine and cancer research Features the latest data and advances in evolution theory

Author : Emmanuel Bonavia
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1895
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:633119049

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Studies in the evolution of animals by Emmanuel Bonavia Pdf

Author : Rob Desalle,Bernd Schierwater
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439854020

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Key Transitions in Animal Evolution by Rob Desalle,Bernd Schierwater Pdf

Tackling one of the most difficult and delicate of the evolutionary questions, this challenging book summarizes the more recent results in phylogenetics and developmental biology that address the evolution of key innovations in metazoans. Divided into three sections, the first considers the phylogenetic issues involving this area of the tree of life and the elucidation of those relationships that continue to trouble taxonomists. The second section considers the developmental biology of metazoan evolution including the development of the nervous system, sensory organs, and physiological maturation. Part three focuses on the evolution of pattern and process in the Metazoa.

Author : Beata Ujvari,Benjamin Roche,Frederic Thomas
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128043806

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Ecology and Evolution of Cancer by Beata Ujvari,Benjamin Roche,Frederic Thomas Pdf

Ecology and Evolution of Cancer is a timely work outlining ideas that not only represent a substantial and original contribution to the fields of evolution, ecology, and cancer, but also goes beyond by connecting the interfaces of these disciplines. This work engages the expertise of a multidisciplinary research team to collate and review the latest knowledge and developments in this exciting research field. The evolutionary perspective of cancer has gained significant international recognition and interest, which is fully understandable given that somatic cellular selection and evolution are elegant explanations for carcinogenesis. Cancer is now generally accepted to be an evolutionary and ecological process with complex interactions between tumor cells and their environment sharing many similarities with organismal evolution. As a critical contribution to this field of research the book is important and relevant for the applications of evolutionary biology to understand the origin of cancers, to control neoplastic progression, and to prevent therapeutic failures. Covers all aspects of the evolution of cancer, appealing to researchers seeking to understand its origins and effects of treatments on its progression, as well as to lecturers in evolutionary medicine Functions as both an introduction to cancer and evolution and a review of the current research on this burgeoning, exciting field, presented by an international group of leading editors and contributors Improves understanding of the origin and the evolution of cancer, aiding efforts to determine how this disease interferes with biotic interactions that govern ecosystems Highlights research that intends to apply evolutionary principles to help predict emergence and metastatic progression with the aim of improving therapies

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Developmental Toxicology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2000-12-21
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309070867

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Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Developmental Toxicology Pdf

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.

Author : Michael D. Breed
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128095454

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Conceptual Breakthroughs in Ethology and Animal Behavior by Michael D. Breed Pdf

Conceptual Breakthroughs in Ethology and Animal Behavior highlights, through concise summaries, the most important discoveries and scientific revolutions in animal behavior. These are assessed for their relative impact on the field and their significance to the forward motion of the science of animal behavior. Eighty short essays capture the moment when a new concept emerged or a publication signaled a paradigm shift. How the new understanding came about is explained, and any continuing controversy or scientific conversation on the issue is highlighted. Behavior is a rich and varied field, drawing on genetics, evolution, physiology, and ecology to inform its principles, and this book embraces the wealth of knowledge that comes from the unification of these fields around the study of animals in motion. The chronological organization of the essays makes this an excellent overview of the history of animal behavior, ethology, and behavioral ecology. The work includes such topics as Darwin’s role in shaping the study of animal behavior, the logic of animal contests, cognition, empathy in animals, and animal personalities. Succinct accounts of new revelations about behavior through scientific investigation and scrutiny reveal the fascinating story of this field. Similar to Dr. John Avise’s Contemporary Breakthroughs in Evolutionary Genetics, the work is structured into vignettes that describe the conceptual revolution and assess the impact of the conceptual change, with a score, which ranges from 1-10, providing an assessment of the impact of the new findings on contemporary science. Features a lively, brisk writing style and brief entries to enable easy, enjoyable access to this essential information Includes topics that cover the range of behavioral biology from mechanism to behavioral ecology Can also be used as supplemental material for an undergraduate animal behavior course, or as the foundational text for an upper level or graduate discussion course in advanced animal behavior