Answer Set Programming

Author : Vladimir Lifschitz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030246587

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Answer Set Programming by Vladimir Lifschitz Pdf

Answer set programming (ASP) is a programming methodology oriented towards combinatorial search problems. In such a problem, the goal is to find a solution among a large but finite number of possibilities. The idea of ASP came from research on artificial intelligence and computational logic. ASP is a form of declarative programming: an ASP program describes what is counted as a solution to the problem, but does not specify an algorithm for solving it. Search is performed by sophisticated software systems called answer set solvers. Combinatorial search problems often arise in science and technology, and ASP has found applications in diverse areas—in historical linguistic, in bioinformatics, in robotics, in space exploration, in oil and gas industry, and many others. The importance of this programming method was recognized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 2016, when AI Magazine published a special issue on answer set programming. The book introduces the reader to the theory and practice of ASP. It describes the input language of the answer set solver CLINGO, which was designed at the University of Potsdam in Germany and is used today by ASP programmers in many countries. It includes numerous examples of ASP programs and present the mathematical theory that ASP is based on. There are many exercises with complete solutions.

Author : Martin Liu,Roland Roijers
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031015618

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Answer Set Solving in Practice by Martin Liu,Roland Roijers Pdf

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative problem solving approach, initially tailored to modeling problems in the area of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR). More recently, its attractive combination of a rich yet simple modeling language with high-performance solving capacities has sparked interest in many other areas even beyond KRR. This book presents a practical introduction to ASP, aiming at using ASP languages and systems for solving application problems. Starting from the essential formal foundations, it introduces ASP's solving technology, modeling language and methodology, while illustrating the overall solving process by practical examples. Table of Contents: List of Figures / List of Tables / Motivation / Introduction / Basic modeling / Grounding / Characterizations / Solving / Systems / Advanced modeling / Conclusions

Author : Michael Gelfond,Yulia Kahl
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781107029569

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Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and the Design of Intelligent Agents by Michael Gelfond,Yulia Kahl Pdf

This in-depth introduction for students and researchers shows how to use ASP for intelligent tasks, including answering queries, planning, and diagnostics.

Author : Marco Manna,Andreas Pieris
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030600679

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Reasoning Web. Declarative Artificial Intelligence by Marco Manna,Andreas Pieris Pdf

This volume contains 8 lecture notes of the 16th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2020), held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2020. The Reasoning Web series of annual summer schools has become the prime educational event in the field of reasoning techniques on the Web, attracting both young and established researchers. The broad theme of this year's summer school was “Declarative Artificial Intelligence” and it covered various aspects of ontological reasoning and related issues that are of particular interest to Semantic Web and Linked Data applications. The following eight lectures have been presented during the school: Introduction to Probabilistic Ontologies, On the Complexity of Learning Description Logic Ontologies, Explanation via Machine Arguing, Stream Reasoning: From Theory to Practice, First-Order Rewritability of Temporal Ontology-Mediated Queries, An Introduction to Answer Set Programming and Some of Its Extensions, Declarative Data Analysis using Limit Datalog Programs, and Knowledge Graphs: Research Directions.

Author : Sergio Tessaris,Enrico Franconi,Thomas Eiter,Claudio Gutierrez,Siegfried Handschuh,Marie- Christine Rousset,Renate Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-08-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642037535

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Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Information Systems by Sergio Tessaris,Enrico Franconi,Thomas Eiter,Claudio Gutierrez,Siegfried Handschuh,Marie- Christine Rousset,Renate Schmidt Pdf

This book contains a collection of revised tutorial papers based on lectures given by researchers at the 5th International Summer School on the Reasoning Web. It introduces semantic web methods and research issues with a particular emphasis on reasoning.

Author : Stephen Muggleton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3662186942

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Inductive Logic Programming by Stephen Muggleton Pdf

Author : A. Biere,H. van Maaren
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 1486 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781643681610

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Handbook of Satisfiability by A. Biere,H. van Maaren Pdf

Propositional logic has been recognized throughout the centuries as one of the cornerstones of reasoning in philosophy and mathematics. Over time, its formalization into Boolean algebra was accompanied by the recognition that a wide range of combinatorial problems can be expressed as propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems. Because of this dual role, SAT developed into a mature, multi-faceted scientific discipline, and from the earliest days of computing a search was underway to discover how to solve SAT problems in an automated fashion. This book, the Handbook of Satisfiability, is the second, updated and revised edition of the book first published in 2009 under the same name. The handbook aims to capture the full breadth and depth of SAT and to bring together significant progress and advances in automated solving. Topics covered span practical and theoretical research on SAT and its applications and include search algorithms, heuristics, analysis of algorithms, hard instances, randomized formulae, problem encodings, industrial applications, solvers, simplifiers, tools, case studies and empirical results. SAT is interpreted in a broad sense, so as well as propositional satisfiability, there are chapters covering the domain of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF), constraints programming techniques (CSP) for word-level problems and their propositional encoding, and satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). An extensive bibliography completes each chapter. This second edition of the handbook will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, final-year undergraduates, and practitioners using or contributing to SAT, and will provide both an inspiration and a rich resource for their work. Edmund Clarke, 2007 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT solving is a key technology for 21st century computer science." Donald Knuth, 1974 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT is evidently a killer app, because it is key to the solution of so many other problems." Stephen Cook, 1982 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "The SAT problem is at the core of arguably the most fundamental question in computer science: What makes a problem hard?"

Author : Esra Erdem,Fangzhen Lin,Torsten Schaub
Publisher : Springer
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642042386

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Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning by Esra Erdem,Fangzhen Lin,Torsten Schaub Pdf

This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (LPNMR 2009), held during September 14–18, 2009 in Potsdam, Germany. LPNMR is a forum for exchanging ideas on declarative logic programming, nonmonotonic reasoning and knowledge representation. The aim of the c- ference is to facilitate interaction between researchers interested in the design and implementation of logic-based programming languages and database s- tems, and researchers who work in the areas of knowledge representation and nonmonotonic reasoning. LPNMR strives to encompass theoretical and expe- mental studies that have led or will lead to the construction of practical systems for declarative programming and knowledge representation. The special theme of LPNMR 2009 was “Applications of Logic Progr- ming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning” in general and “Answer Set Programming (ASP)” in particular. LPNMR 2009 aimed at providing a comprehensive survey of the state of the art of ASP/LPNMR applications. The special theme was re?ected by dedicating an entire dayof the conference to applications. Apart from special sessions devoted to original and signi?cant ASP/LPNMR applications, we solicited contributions providing an overview of existing successful applications of ASP/LPNMR systems. The presentations on applications were accompanied by two panels, one on existing and another on future applications of ASP/LPNMR.

Author : Zhang, Liang-Jie,Ning, Yishuang
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781522572695

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Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology by Zhang, Liang-Jie,Ning, Yishuang Pdf

With the development of Web 2.0 technologies, the internet has become a huge platform for information and data sharing. As such, web services provide an important foundation for branching technologies in end-user computing and applications. To make online technology more accessible for users, it is important to optimize web services to function properly or offer a personalized experience. Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of existing technologies for web service usability and accessibility. Highlighting a range of topics including business processes, cyber-physical systems, and recommendation accuracy, this book is ideally designed for IT professionals, researchers, graduate-level students, software developers, academicians, and computer engineers seeking current research on adapting online information and services to user needs.

Author : Krzysztof R. Apt,Victor W. Marek,Mirek Truszczynski,David S. Warren
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642600852

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The Logic Programming Paradigm by Krzysztof R. Apt,Victor W. Marek,Mirek Truszczynski,David S. Warren Pdf

This exciting new text reveals both the evolution of this programming paradigm since its inception and the impressively broad scope of current research in the field. The contributors to this book are all leading world experts in Logic Programming, and they deal with both theoretical and practical issues. They address such diverse topics as: computational molecular biology, machine learning, mobile computing, multi-agent systems, planning, numerical computing and dynamical systems, database systems, an alternative to the "formulas as types" approach, program semantics and analysis, and natural language processing. XXXXXXX Neuer Text Logic Programming was founded 25 years ago. This exciting book reveals both the evolution of this programming paradigm and its impressively broad scope of current research. The contributions by leading computer scientists deal with both theoretical and practical issues. They address diverse topics such as: computational molecular biology, machine learning, mobile computing, multi-agent systems, numerical computing and dynamical systems, database systems, program semantics, natural language processing, and promising future directions.

Author : Erik T. Mueller
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080476612

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Commonsense Reasoning by Erik T. Mueller Pdf

To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing into one place information scattered across many books and papers. Mueller shares the knowledge gained in using the event calculus and extends the literature with detailed event calculus solutions to problems that span many areas of the commonsense world. Covers key areas of commonsense reasoning including action, change, defaults, space, and mental states. The first full book on commonsense reasoning to use the event calculus. Contextualizes the event calculus within the framework of commonsense reasoning, introducing the event calculus as the best method overall. Focuses on how to use the event calculus formalism to perform commonsense reasoning, while existing papers and books examine the formalisms themselves. Includes fully worked out proofs and circumscriptions for every example.

Author : Michael Gelfond,Nicole Leone,Gerald Pfeifer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2003-06-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540467670

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Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning by Michael Gelfond,Nicole Leone,Gerald Pfeifer Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, LPNMR '99, held in El Paso, Texas, USA, in December 1999. The volume presents 26 contributed papers and four invited talks, three appearing as extended abstracts and one as a full paper. Topics covered include logic programming, non-monotonic reasoning, knowledge representation, semantics, complexity, expressive power, and implementation and applicatons.

Author : Chitta Baral
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2003-01-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781139436441

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Knowledge Representation, Reasoning and Declarative Problem Solving by Chitta Baral Pdf

Baral shows how to write programs that behave intelligently, by giving them the ability to express knowledge and to reason. This book will appeal to practising and would-be knowledge engineers wishing to learn more about the subject in courses or through self-teaching.

Author : Krzysztof R. Apt,Mark Wallace
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2006-12-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781139460866

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Constraint Logic Programming using Eclipse by Krzysztof R. Apt,Mark Wallace Pdf

Constraint logic programming lies at the intersection of logic programming, optimisation and artificial intelligence. It has proved a successful tool in many areas including production planning, transportation scheduling, numerical analysis and bioinformatics. Eclipse is one of the leading software systems that realise its underlying methodology. Eclipse is exploited commercially by Cisco, and is freely available and used for teaching and research in over 500 universities. This book has a two-fold purpose. It's an introduction to constraint programming, appropriate for one-semester courses for upper undergraduate or graduate students in computer science or for programmers wishing to master the practical aspects of constraint programming. By the end of the book, the reader will be able to understand and write constraint programs that solve complex problems. Second, it provides a systematic introduction to the Eclipse system through carefully-chosen examples that guide the reader through the language and illustrate its power, versatility and utility.

Author : Lee Naish
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1986-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 354016815X

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Negation and Control in Prolog by Lee Naish Pdf

The contributions to this volume cover all aspects of the assessment and management of hepatobiliary disease. The focal points of the book consist of three state-of-the-art summaries. The first of these deals with the highly topical problem of liver transplants from the point of view of patient selection. The second considers drug-induced liver injury in view of the fact that the liver is the main metabolic site for a number of drugs. The final summary deals with liver and aging: it asks whether the liver follows the aging process of the host organisms and whether the liver of aged liver transplant candidate donors could be suitable for grafting. Aside from these topics, the volume presents basic research on hepatic transport mechanisms, intrahepatic cholestasis and gall-stone disease, which serves as a background for the topics more specifically concerning the assessment of liver function. Much of the book is then devoted to the management of the commonest forms of liver diseases and their complications, such as chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and ascites.