Anticancer Plants Natural Products And Biotechnological Implements

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Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements

Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Anticancer Plants Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements Book PDF

Author : Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811080647

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Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements by Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy Pdf

This volume provides summarized scientific evidence of the different classes of plant-derived phytocompounds, their sources, chemical structures, anticancer properties, mechanisms of action, methods of extraction, and their applications in cancer therapy. It also discusses endophyte-derived compounds as chemopreventives to treat various cancer types. In addition, it provides detailed information on the enhanced production of therapeutically valuable anticancer metabolites using biotechnological interventions such as plant cell and tissue culture approaches, including in vitro-, hairy root- and cell-suspension culture; and metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways. Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements – Volume 2” explores the natural bioactive compounds isolated from plants as well as fungal endophytes, their chemistry, and preventive effects to reduce the risk of cancer. Moreover, it highlights the genomics/proteomics approaches and biotechnological implementations. Providing solutions to deal with the challenges involved in cancer therapy, the book benefits a wide range of readers including academics, students, and industrial experts working in the area of natural products, medicinal plant chemistry, pharmacology, and biotechnology.

Biotechnology and Production of Anti-Cancer Compounds

Sonia Malik
Biotechnology and Production of Anti Cancer Compounds Book PDF

Author : Sonia Malik
Publisher : Springer
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319538808

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Biotechnology and Production of Anti-Cancer Compounds by Sonia Malik Pdf

This book discusses cancers and the resurgence of public interest in plant-based and herbal drugs. It also describes ways of obtaining anti-cancer drugs from plants and improving their production using biotechnological techniques. It presents methods such as cell culture, shoot and root culture, hairy root culture, purification of plant raw materials, genetic engineering, optimization of culture conditions as well as metabolic engineering with examples of successes like taxol, shikonin, ingenol mebutate and podophylotoxin. In addition, it describes the applications and limitations of large-scale production of anti-cancer compounds using biotechnological means. Lastly, it discusses future economical and eco-friendly strategies for obtaining anti-cancer compounds using biotechnology.

Anticancer Plants: Clinical Trials and Nanotechnology

Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Anticancer Plants Clinical Trials and Nanotechnology Book PDF

Author : Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811082160

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Anticancer Plants: Clinical Trials and Nanotechnology by Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy Pdf

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in human beings. Though several synthetic medicines are used to treat cancer, they are largely inefficient and unsafe. In contrast, plants, which have been used for medicinal purposes since time immemorial, have proved to be useful in fighting cancer, with natural compounds from plants and their derivatives offering safe and effective treatment and management for several types of cancer. Plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Podophyllum peltatum, Taxus brevifolia, Camptotheca acuminate, Andrographis paniculata, Crateva nurvala, Croton tonkinensis, Oplopanax horridus etc., are important source of chemotherapeutic compounds. These plants have proven their value in the treatment of cancer and various other infectious diseases, and several common anticancer compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxins, camptothecin, vinblastine, vincristine, homoharringtonine etc. have been isolated and purified from these medicinal plants. Unfortunately, many of these anticancer plants have become endangered due to ruthless and irresponsible harvesting practices. Hence, there is a need to conserve these species and to propagate them on a large scale using plant tissue culture. Alternatively, plant cell tissue and organ culture biotechnology could be adopted to produce these anticancer compounds without the need for cultivation. A better grasp and continuing exploration of these isolated molecules and products could provide a powerful alternative means of reducing cancer risk. “Anticancer Plants: Volume 3, Clinical Trials and Nanotechnology” provides a timely review of concepts and experimental data on the application of anticancer plants and their compounds in clinical trials, and on the use of nanotechnology in cancer therapy.

Anticancer plants: Properties and Application

Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Anticancer plants Properties and Application Book PDF

Author : Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811085482

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Anticancer plants: Properties and Application by Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy Pdf

Cancer is one of the leading death cause of human population increasingly seen in recent times. Plants have been used for medicinal purposes since immemorial times. Though, several synthetic medicines are useful in treating cancer, they are inefficient and unsafe. However, plants have proved to be useful in cancer cure. Moreover, natural compounds from plants and their derivatives are safe and effective in treatment and management of several cancer types. The anticancer plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Podophyllum peltatum, Taxus brevifolia, Camptotheca acuminate, Andrographis paniculata, Crateva nurvala, Croton tonkinensis, Oplopanax horridus etc., are important source of chemotherapeutic compounds. These plants have proven their significance in the treatment of cancer and various other infectious diseases. Nowadays, several well-known anticancer compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxins, camptothecin, vinblastine, vincristine, homoharringtonine etc. have been isolated and purified from these medicinal plants. Many of them are used effectively to combat cancer and other related diseases. The herbal medicine and their products are the most suitable and safe to be used as an alternative medicine. Based on their traditional uses and experimental evidences, the anticancer products or compounds are isolated or extracted from the medicinally important plants. Many of these anticancer plants have become endangered due to ruthless harvesting in nature. Hence, there is a need to conserve these species and to propagate them in large scale using plant tissue culture. Alternatively, plant cell tissue and organ culture biotechnology can be adopted to produce these anticancer compounds without cultivation. The proper knowledge and exploration of these isolated molecules or products could provide an alternative source to reduce cancer risk, anti-tumorigenic properties, and suppression of carcinogen activities. Anticancer plants: Volume 1, Properties and Application is a very timely effort in this direction. Discussing the various types of anticancer plants as a source of curative agent, their pharmacological and neutraceutical properties, cryo-preservations and recent trends to understand the basic cause and consequences involved in the diseases diagnosis. We acknowledge the publisher, Springer for their continuous inspiration and valuable suggestions to improvise the content of this book. We further extend our heartfelt gratitude to all our book contributors for their support, and assistance to complete this assignment. I am sure that these books will benefit the scientific communities including academics, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and medical practitioners.

Anticancer Agents from Natural Products

Gordon M. Cragg,David G. I. Kingston,David J. Newman
Anticancer Agents from Natural Products Book PDF

Author : Gordon M. Cragg,David G. I. Kingston,David J. Newman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2005-06-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781420039658

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Anticancer Agents from Natural Products by Gordon M. Cragg,David G. I. Kingston,David J. Newman Pdf

Plants, marine organisms, and microorganisms have evolved complex chemical defense and signaling systems that are designed to protect them from predators and provide other biological benefits. These organisms thus produce substances containing novel chemotypes that may have beneficial effects for humans. As collection methods improve and new screen

Anticancer Plants: Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions

Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Anticancer Plants Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions Book PDF

Author : Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811084171

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Anticancer Plants: Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions by Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy Pdf

This book summarizes the application of plant derived anticancer compounds as chemopreventives to treat several cancer types, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of action of phytocompounds and providing an overview of the basic processes at the cellular and molecular level that are involved in the progression of the cancer and can be employed in targeted preventive therapies. In addition, it highlights the development of novel anticancer drugs from plant sources using bioinformatics approaches. The compiled chapter data aids readers understanding of issues related to bioavailability, toxic effects and mechanisms of action of phytocompounds, and helps them identify the leads and utilize them against various cancer types effectively. Furthermore, it promotes the use of bioinformatics tools in medicinal plants to expedite their use in plant breeding programs to develop molecular markers to distinguish disease subtypes and predicting mutation, which in turn improves cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and to develop new lead compounds computationally. The book provides scientific verifications of plant compounds mechanisms of action against various cancers and offers useful information for students, teachers, and healthcare professionals involved in drug discovery, and clinical and therapeutic research.

Biodiversity, Natural Products and Cancer Treatment

Victor Kuete,Thomas Efferth
Biodiversity Natural Products and Cancer Treatment Book PDF

Author : Victor Kuete,Thomas Efferth
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814583527

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Biodiversity, Natural Products and Cancer Treatment by Victor Kuete,Thomas Efferth Pdf

This book is the first of its kind in bringing together biodiversity, chemical ecology, phytochemistry and cancer therapy. The highlight of the book is an exhaustive compilation of scientific data on biodiversity of medicinal plants, biodiversity and metagenomics, chemical ecology of medicinal plants, chemical ecology of marine organisms, natural products from terrestrial microbial organisms with activity towards cancer cells, marine organisms, ethnopharmacology and phytotherapy, contribution of African flora in world fight against cancer, natural products derived from terrestrial plants with activity towards cancer cells and established anticancer drugs from natural origin. The book discusses the state-of-the-art of each topic to serve as reference resource tools for graduate students as well as scientists and scholars in pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacology, organic chemistry and biochemistry, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology, complementary and alternative medicine, medical and public health sciences and others. It includes cutting-edge developments in anticancer discovery from both medicinal plants and organisms. Contents:Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants (Kirsten Yacoub, Katharina Cibis and Corinna Risch)Biodiversity and Metagenomics (Eva-Maria Surmann and Thomas Efferth)Chemical Ecology of Medicinal Plants (Christian Kersten, Stephanie Lenz and Janina Wich)Chemical Ecology of Marine Organisms (André Antunes and Thomas Efferth)Natural Products from Terrestrial Microbial Organisms with Cytotoxic Cell Cycle Inhibitors (Theresa Dreis, Caroline Gartner, Julia Krebs and Mathias Schneider)Marine Compounds (Jennifer Honek and Thomas Efferth)Ethnopharmacology and Phytotherapy (Ariane Löhnert, Susanne Löhnert, Viktoriya Mogilevskaya and Sandra Schick)Contribution of African Flora in a Global Fight Against Cancer (Victor Kuete and Thomas Efferth)Natural Products Derived from Terrestrial Plants with Activity Towards Cancer Cells (Sonia Falenska, Ina Kirmes, Stephanie Kletting, Irini Karagianni and Karen Duffy)Established Anticancer Drugs from Natural Origin (Clara Becker, Kerstin Hoffmann, Laura Hoffmann, Tanya King, Franziska Faulstich, Katrin Viertel, Victor Kuete and Thomas Efferth) Readership: Graduate students and scientists in pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacology, organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, ethnomedicine & ethnopharmacology, compementary & alternative medicine, public health. Key Features:This book is the first of its kind bringing together biodiversity, chemical ecology, phytochemistry and cancer therapyThe book provides the state-of-the-art in anticancer discovery from medicinal plantsThe book also provides the state-of-the-art in anticancer discovery from marine organismsKeywords:Biodiversity;Cancer;Marine Products;Natural Products;Established Drugs

Natural Products for Cancer Prevention and Therapy

Anupam Bishayee,Mukerrem Betul Yerer-Aycan
Natural Products for Cancer Prevention and Therapy Book PDF

Author : Anupam Bishayee,Mukerrem Betul Yerer-Aycan
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-07
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9783038973102

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Natural Products for Cancer Prevention and Therapy by Anupam Bishayee,Mukerrem Betul Yerer-Aycan Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Natural Products for Cancer Prevention and Therapy" that was published in Nutrients

Phytomedicine

Rouf Ahmad Bhat,Khalid Rehman Hakeem,Moonisa Aslam Dervash
Phytomedicine Book PDF

Author : Rouf Ahmad Bhat,Khalid Rehman Hakeem,Moonisa Aslam Dervash
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 776 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128241103

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Phytomedicine by Rouf Ahmad Bhat,Khalid Rehman Hakeem,Moonisa Aslam Dervash Pdf

Phytomedicine: A Treasure of Pharmacologically Active Products from Plants aims to present updated knowledge of plant-based medicines in terms of their research and development, production, and utilization, from the viewpoint of sustainability and by using the latest technologies. The book explores different phytometabolites on a mass scale, coupled with the efficacy, performance and applicability on target organisms to treat curable and fatal diseases. Readers will find a coherent package of phytotherapeutic information regarding inclusive assortment of research based, scientific amplitude of metabolites from the plant world encompassing various action plans. Information is presented sequentially regarding phytochemistry, biological activity and the serviceable aspects of bioactive compounds. The book also addresses various advancements and achievements of novel drugs from plants using molecular and enzymatic activities, and various technological tools in an ecofriendly fashion. Discusses phytotherapeutic properties for a wide range of medical conditions, including anti-pyretic, anti-infective, anti-malarial, Anti-AIDS, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous, immune-modulatory applications Includes a discussion of synergistic effects of formulations and antagonistic drug interactions Addresses advancements and achievements of novel plant-based drugs using molecular, enzymatic activities and various technological tools in an eco-friendly fashion

Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Plant Secondary Metabolites

Mohd. Shahnawaz
Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Plant Secondary Metabolites Book PDF

Author : Mohd. Shahnawaz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000174960

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Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Plant Secondary Metabolites by Mohd. Shahnawaz Pdf

Thousands of secondary metabolites are produced by plants to withstand unfavourable environmental conditions and are important molecules for nutraceutical, agro, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, etc. Harvesting of plants for the extraction of these important metabolites can threaten the plant germplasm, and various medicinally important plants are at the verge of extinction. Based on need, various methods and strategies were developed and followed by researchers from time to time to save the plant germplasm and produce important secondary metabolites efficiently to meet their growing demands. Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Plant Secondary Metabolites: Recent Trends and Future Prospects provides a comprehensive introduction and review of state-of-the-art biotechnological tools in this field of research at global level. The methodologies are highlighted by real data examples in both in vitro and in vivo level studies. The book: • Highlights and provides overviews of the synthesis, classification, biological function and medicinal applications of the recent advancements for the enhanced production of novel secondary metabolites in plants • Provides an overview of the role of induced mutation, salinity stress and brassinosteroids impact to increase the secondary metabolic contents in plants and suggests an increase in enzymatic activity in plants could be due to various point mutations, which in turn could play a role at transcriptome levels • Discusses the significant role of endophytes to enhance the contents of plant secondary metabolites • Alternatively, suggests the urgent need to set up the standard operating procedures using hydroponics system of cultivation for significant enhancement of secondary metabolite contents • Enlists various in vitro techniques to enhance plant secondary metabolites contents using plant tissue culture approaches • Provides a systematic overview of state-of-the-art biotechnological tools CRISPER Cas9 and RNAi to enhance the plant secondary metabolite contents • Recommends CRISPER Cas9 technology over RNAi, ZFNs and TALENs because of its relatively simple and high precision method with an easily programmable tool This serves as a reference book for the researchers working in the field of plant secondary metabolites and pharmaceutical industries at global level.

Plant-derived Bioactives

Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Plant derived Bioactives Book PDF

Author : Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811523618

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Plant-derived Bioactives by Mallappa Kumara Swamy Pdf

Plants produce a vast number of bioactive compounds with different chemical scaffolds, which modulate a diverse range of molecular targets and are used as drugs for treating numerous diseases. Most present-day medicines are derived either from plant compounds or their derivatives, and plant compounds continue to offer limitless reserves for the discovery of new medicines. While different classes of plant compounds, like phenolics, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, and their potential pharmacological applications are currently being explored, their curative mechanisms are yet to be understood in detail. This book is divided into 2 volumes and offers detailed information on plant-derived bioactive compounds, including recent research findings. Volume 1, “Plant-derived Bioactives: Chemistry and Mode of Action” discusses the chemistry of highly valued plant bioactive compounds and their mode of actions at the molecular level. Volume 2, “Plant-derived Bioactives: Production, Properties and Therapeutic Applications” explores the sources, biosynthesis, production, biological properties and therapeutic applications of plant bioactives. Given their scope, these books are valuable resources for members of the scientific community wishing to further explore various medicinal plants and the therapeutic applications of their bioactive compounds. They appeal to scholars, teachers and scientists involved in plant product research, and facilitate the development of new drugs.

Natural Products as Source of Molecules with Therapeutic Potential

Valdir Cechinel Filho
Natural Products as Source of Molecules with Therapeutic Potential Book PDF

Author : Valdir Cechinel Filho
Publisher : Springer
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030005450

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Natural Products as Source of Molecules with Therapeutic Potential by Valdir Cechinel Filho Pdf

This book addresses the highly relevant and complex subject of research on drugs from natural products, discussing the current hot topics in the field. It also provides a detailed overview of the strategies used to research and develop these drugs. Respected experts explore issues involved in the production chain and when looking for new medicinal agents, including aspects such as therapeutic potential, functional foods, ethnopharmacology, metabolomics, virtual screening and regulatory scenarios. Further, the book describes strategic methods of isolation and characterization of active principles, biological assays, biotechnology of plants, synthesis, clinical trials and the use of tools to identity active principles.

Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi

Ajar Nath Yadav,Sangram Singh,Shashank Mishra,Arti Gupta
Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi Book PDF

Author : Ajar Nath Yadav,Sangram Singh,Shashank Mishra,Arti Gupta
Publisher : Springer
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030148461

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Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi by Ajar Nath Yadav,Sangram Singh,Shashank Mishra,Arti Gupta Pdf

White biotechnology is industrial biotechnology dealing with various biotech products through applications of microbes. The main application of white biotechnology is commercial production of various useful organic substances, such as acetic acid, citric acid, acetone, glycerine, etc., and antibiotics like penicillin, streptomycin, mitomycin, etc., and value added product through the use of microorganisms especially fungi and bacteria. The value-added products included bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, pigments and industrially important enzymes for potential applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine and allied sectors for human welfare. In the 21st century, techniques were developed to harness fungi to protect human health (through antibiotics, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive agents, value-added products etc.), which led to industrial scale production of enzymes, alkaloids, detergents, acids, biosurfactants. The first large-scale industrial applications of modern biotechnology have been made in the areas of food and animal feed production (agricultural/green biotechnology) and pharmaceuticals (medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the production of bio-active compounds through fermentation or enzymatic conversion is known industrial or white biotechnology. The beneficial fungal strains may play important role in agriculture, industry and the medical sectors. The beneficial fungi play a significance role in plant growth promotion, and soil fertility using both, direct (solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc; production of indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinin and siderophores) and indirect (production of hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanides and antibiotics) mechanisms of plant growth promotion for sustainable agriculture. The fungal strains and their products (enzymes, bio-active compounds and secondary metabolites) are very useful for industry. The discovery of antibiotics is a milestone in the development of white biotechnology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors, providing both high valued nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bio-active compounds also play important role in the environmental cleaning. This volume covers the latest research developments related to value-added products in white biotechnology through fungi.

Natural Bio-active Compounds

Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Natural Bio active Compounds Book PDF

Author : Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811374388

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Natural Bio-active Compounds by Mohd Sayeed Akhtar,Mallappa Kumara Swamy Pdf

Natural bioactive compounds have become an integral part of plant-microbe interactions geared toward adaptation to environmental changes. They regulate symbiosis, induce seed germination, and manifest allelopathic effects, i.e., they inhibit the growth of competing plant species in their vicinity. In addition, the use of natural bioactive compounds and their products is considered to be suitable and safe in e.g. alternative medicine. Thus, there is an unprecedented need to meet the increasing demand for plant secondary metabolites in the flavor and fragrance, food, and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is difficult to obtain a constant quantity of compounds from the cultivated plants, as their yield fluctuates due to several factors including genotypic variations, the geography, edaphic conditions, harvesting and processing methods. Yet familiarity with these substances and the exploration of various approaches could open new avenues in their production. This book describes the basis of bioactive plant compounds, their mechanisms and molecular actions with regard to various human diseases, and their applications in the drug, cosmetic and herbal industries. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource for students, educators, researchers, and healthcare experts involved in agronomy, ecology, crop science, molecular biology, stress physiology, and natural products.

Drug Discovery and Design Using Natural Products

Jorddy Neves Cruz
Drug Discovery and Design Using Natural Products Book PDF

Author : Jorddy Neves Cruz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031352058

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Drug Discovery and Design Using Natural Products by Jorddy Neves Cruz Pdf

Historically, natural products have great relevance for the development of new drugs. Natural molecules, in addition to directly providing new compounds with different therapeutic functions have provided scaffolds and a great diversity of structures that serve as inspiration for the design and discovery of new drugs. The great structural complexity and the significant number of natural compounds that can be obtained and their advantages also present some historical problems that need to be overcome. Issues such as difficulty in isolation, difficulty in synthesizing compounds found in nature in the laboratory, screening to evaluate the biological properties of these compounds, and structural optimization to enhance the pharmacological properties of biomolecules; are some of the main difficulties encountered in research with natural products and in the design/discovery of new medicines. Therefore, this book addresses the great scientific advances that provide practical solutions to using natural products to develop new drugs. We address topics related to the genesis of research projects that use natural products to design new drugs. We address the discovery of new species, initial processes for identification and extraction of compounds, isolation and identification of these structures, techniques, and advances in vitro and in vivo methods that support the discovery of new natural drugs, synthesis of new compounds from natural molecules, in silico optimization processes of potentially promising compounds.