Applications Of Gravity Anomalies In Geophysics

Author : Henglei Zhang,Meixia Geng,Victor Sacek,Filippo Greco,Penfei Liu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2024-01-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832543559

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Applications of Gravity Anomalies in Geophysics by Henglei Zhang,Meixia Geng,Victor Sacek,Filippo Greco,Penfei Liu Pdf

Knowledge of the density of the subsurface of a planet is crucial in determining its interior structure, and one can estimate the average bulk crustal density directly using the admittance between topography and gravity, which has been successfully used for the Moon and is being extended to Mars. The interpretation of gravity data is commonly done by computation of a gravity anomaly (GA) by correcting the raw data for a number of factors that impact the gravity field. Depending on the target science, different types of GA can be computed, the interpretation of which have been widely employed in geophysics to explore the interior of the Earth and other planets, through applications in airborne gravity, near-surface geophysics, regional geophysics, and planetary geophysics. Yet how to extract a great variety of information from GAs for applications in geophysics entails further investigation. Over the decades, remarkable progress has been made to extract information from GAs identified from data. For instance, a series of 3D inversion algorithms facilitates the extraction of the subsurface density distribution. With the improved processing based on dense gravity observations that yield high precision and high resolution GAs, more detailed geological information can be unveiled. When using the admittance between topography and gravity to estimate the crustal density, it is essential to identify what kinds of GAs to be used, such as Bouguer gravity or free-air gravity. Also, what appropriate approaches to scrutinize the applications of GAs in various case studies (e.g., calculating the geoid and estimating the elastic thickness) need to be decoded.

Author : William J. Hinze,Ralph R. B. von Frese,R. Von Frese,Afif H. Saad
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 527 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521871013

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Gravity and Magnetic Exploration by William J. Hinze,Ralph R. B. von Frese,R. Von Frese,Afif H. Saad Pdf

"This combination textbook and reference manual provides a comprehensive account of the principles, practices, and application of gravity and magnetic methods for exploring the subsurface using surface, marine, airborne, and satellite measurements. Key current topics and techniques are described, including high-resolution magnetic investigations, time-variation gravity analysis from surface and satellite gravity measurements, absolute and gradient gravimetry, and the role of GPS in mapping gravity and magnetic fields. The book also describes the physical properties of rocks and other earth materials that are critical to the effective design, implementation and interpretation of surveys, and presents a thorough overview of digital data analysis methods used to process and interpret anomalies for subsurface information. This book is an ideal text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses, but also serves as a reference for research academics, professional geophysicists, and managers of exploration programs that include gravity and magnetic methods. It is a valuable resource for all those interested in petroleum, engineering, mineral, environmental, geological and archeological exploration of the lithosphere"--

Author : Richard J. Blakely
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1996-09-13
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521575478

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Potential Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Applications by Richard J. Blakely Pdf

This text bridges the gap between the classic texts on potential theory and modern books on applied geophysics. It opens with an introduction to potential theory, emphasising those aspects particularly important to earth scientists, such as Laplace's equation, Newtonian potential, magnetic and electrostatic fields, and conduction of heat. The theory is then applied to the interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies, drawing on examples from modern geophysical literature. Topics explored include regional and global fields, forward modeling, inverse methods, depth-to-source estimation, ideal bodies, analytical continuation, and spectral analysis. The book includes numerous exercises and a variety of computer subroutines written in FORTRAN. Graduate students and researchers in geophysics will find this book essential.

Author : Wolfgang Jacoby,Peter L. Smilde
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540853299

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Gravity Interpretation by Wolfgang Jacoby,Peter L. Smilde Pdf

Gravity interpretation involves inversion of data into models, but it is more. Gravity interpretation is used in a “holistic” sense going beyond “inversion”. Inversion is like optimization within certain a priori assumptions, i.e., all anticipated models lie in a limited domain of the a priori errors. No source should exist outside the anticipated model volume, but that is never literally true. Interpretation goes beyond by taking “outside” possibilities into account in the widest sense. Any neglected possibility carries the danger of seriously affecting the interpretation. Gravity interpretation pertains to wider questions such as the shape of the Earth, the nature of the continental and oceanic crust, isostasy, forces and stresses, geol- ical structure, nding useful resources, climate change, etc. Interpretation is often used synonymously with modelling and inversion of observations toward models. Interpretation places the inversion results into the wider geological or economic context and into the framework of science and humanity. Models play a central role in science. They are images of phenomena of the physical world, for example, scale images or metaphors, enabling the human mind to describe observations and re- tionships by abstract mathematical means. Models served orientation and survival in a complex, partly invisible physical and social environment.

Author : Taher Zouaghi
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535138235

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Gravity by Taher Zouaghi Pdf

This book deals with different aspects of gravity that has proved its effectiveness throughout the world, hence their solicitation in recent years. Fundamental theories, applications, and tools have been presented, emphasizing the implementation of the gravity technique. Different research themes for diverse areas in the world are detailed here, highlighting new methods of studies that could be helpful for sophisticated and modern development over the next few years. Four main sections are presented: Gravity Interpretation Tools in Geoscience, Gravity in Geoscience Applications, Gravity in Industrial Technology, and Quantum Gravity. Theoretical and acquisition tools and adapted processing methods have been designed to take into account the initial data, and modeling results thus converge toward a better solution. This book, which makes a worthwhile contribution to the topic gravity, is specifically addressed to specialists, researchers, and industry professionals who shall find its content extremely useful for a better comprehension of the geological, spatial, and industrial aspects of gravity.

Author : Roman Pasteka,Jan Mikuska,Bruno Meurers
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128129142

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Understanding the Bouguer Anomaly by Roman Pasteka,Jan Mikuska,Bruno Meurers Pdf

Understanding the Bouguer Anomaly: A Gravimetry Puzzle addresses the geophysical and geodetic applications of gravity field interpretation, taking into account the evaluation of the Bouguer anomaly. Containing several contributions that deal with persistent questions in gravity data processing and providing verified workflows, the book covers historical and practical aspects of the Bouguer anomaly. Geophysicists and exploration geologists will gain advanced knowledge in gravimetry, physical geodesy and an understanding of the evaluation and impact of the Bouguer anomaly in gravity field measurement. Covers multiple aspects of the Bouguer anomaly, including definition, historical developments and evaluation Provides verified workflows for gravity data processing, which can be applied across research and industry Organized with a logical flow that begins with a definition, then continues to describe state-of-the-art and advanced approaches to terrain corrections evaluations Includes an example of national gravity database organization and re-processing

Author : K. Mallick,A. Vasanthi,K.K. Sharma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400704060

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Bouguer Gravity Regional and Residual Separation by K. Mallick,A. Vasanthi,K.K. Sharma Pdf

The process of regional-residual separation in potential field is age-old. Broadly, there are two techniques for regional-residual resolution, viz., graphical and analytical. Both the techniques have their own respective shortcomings. In this book, the authors have described the technique based on finite element method in which only eight (or twelve) nodal observed gravity values are used for the regional computation, thereby eliminating the possible contamination of anomalous fields and also the technique does not assume an explicit model and physical properties like density of rocks etc. in the regional computation. The book discusses the advantages of this technique viz., it is not site-specific; the computation is independent of any prior assumptions as to the form and depth of shallow or deeper structures; it can handle data distributed at random or on a regular grid on the map space; and the neighbouring surveys join smoothly. The book focuses on application of this new technique which has been demonstrated in different fields, such as hydrocarbon, minerals and groundwater, structural studies, earthquake and engineering studies and impact structures.

Author : William J. Hinze
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Gravity anomalies
ISBN : UCSD:31822002406924

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The Utility of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps by William J. Hinze Pdf

The subjects of the papers that make up the volume vary from the preparation of national maps to examples of the many uses of regional maps. The anomalities that are discussed range in areal dimension from hundreds of kilometers to tons of meters. The majority of the papers illustrate the utility of the maps in mapping structures and lithologic variations wirhin the continenetal crust, the configuration of the crystalline basements rocks, zones of crustal weakness, distribution of extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks and the geometry of sedimentary basins. Most cases are drawn from the United States and Canada, but examples from Europe, Africa, South America and Asia are included.

Author : D.E. James
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1299 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1989-11-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780442243661

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Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics by D.E. James Pdf

Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.

Author : G. D. Garland
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483180724

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The Earth's Shape and Gravity by G. D. Garland Pdf

The Earth's Shape and Gravity focuses on the progress of the use of geophysical methods in investigating the interior of the earth and its shape. The publication first offers information on gravity, geophysics, geodesy, and geology and gravity measurements. Discussions focus on gravity measurements and reductions, potential and equipotential surfaces, absolute and relative measurements, and gravity networks. The text then elaborates on the shape of the sea-level surface and reduction of gravity observations. The text takes a look at gravity anomalies and structures in the earth's crust; interpretation of gravity anomalies; and gravity anomalies and the interior of the earth. Topics include general principle; direct and indirect methods; low order harmonics in the gravitational field; rock densities; ocean trenches; and sedimentary basins. The book then examines the place of gravity measurements in geophysical prospecting and tidal variations of gravity. The manuscript is a dependable source of information for readers interested in the shape and gravity of the earth.

Author : Thomas R. LaFehr
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0931830567

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Fundamentals of Gravity Exploration by Thomas R. LaFehr Pdf

Author : B.E. Khesin,V.G. Alexeyev,Lev Eppelbaum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401586139

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Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated Environments by B.E. Khesin,V.G. Alexeyev,Lev Eppelbaum Pdf

Books published during recent years in the field of applied geo physics can be, in general, divided into two main types. The first type covers such multiaspect books as "Introduction to Geophysics", while the second-special works on fundamental theoretical prob lems with an elaborate mathematical description. The books of the first type are mainly intended for beginner students and specialists in adjacent fields. The books of the second type may be useful for teachers and theorists. However, there are also books of another (third) type. These books describe the experience in geophysical in vestigation under specific conditions or propose solutions to concrete geological problems, being a methodological guide for geophysicists and concentrating ideas both for advanced students and researchers. Authors hope to give the readers a book of this kind. Interpretation of geophysical fields is a complex consistent pro cess. Its successful realization requires: (a) knowledge of geological regularities and geological situation; (b) availability of petrophysical support; (c) mathematical methods of solving direct and inverse problems of geophysics (i.e. computation of geophysical fields from a known source and determination of source characteristics from known fields); (d) application of statistical and logico-informational procedures to the analysis and synthesis of observation results for revealing desired objects and peculiarities of the geological structure.

Author : Charles E. Heywood
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Geology
ISBN : UOM:39015037735811

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Isostatic Residual Gravity Anomalies of New Mexico by Charles E. Heywood Pdf

Author : Leland Timothy Long
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Earth (Planet)
ISBN : 1139610694

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Acquisition and Analysis of Terrestrial Gravity Data by Leland Timothy Long Pdf

"Gravity surveys have a huge range of applications, indicating density variations in the subsurface and identifying man-made structures, local changes of rock type or even deep-seated structures at the crust/mantle boundary. This important one-stop book combines an introductory manual of practical procedures with a full explanation of analysis techniques, enabling students, geophysicists, geologists and engineers to understand the methodology, applications and limitations of a gravity survey. Filled with examples from a wide variety of acquisition problems, the book instructs students in avoiding common mistakes and misconceptions. It explores the increasing near-surface geophysical applications being opened up by improvements in instrumentation and provides more advance-level material as a useful introduction to potential theory. This is a key text for graduate students of geophysics and for professionals using gravity surveys, from civil engineers and archaeologists to oil and mineral prospectors and geophysicists seeking to learn more about the Earth's deep interior"--

Author : Klaus Knödel,Gerhard Lange,Hans-Jürgen Voigt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1375 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540746713

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Environmental Geology by Klaus Knödel,Gerhard Lange,Hans-Jürgen Voigt Pdf

This illustrated handbook describes a broad spectrum of methods in the fields of remote sensing, geophysics, geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and microbiology designed to investigate landfill, mining and industrial sites. The descriptions provide information about the principle of the methods, applications and fundamentals. This handbook also deals with the stepwise procedure for investigating sites and common problems faced in efficient implementation of field operations.