Arabism And Islam

Author : Usaama Al-Azami
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 527 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197651117

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Islam and the Arab Revolutions by Usaama Al-Azami Pdf

The Arab revolutions of 2011 were a transformative moment in the modern history of the Middle East, as people rose up against long-standing autocrats throughout the region to call for 'bread, freedom and dignity'. With the passage of time, results have been decidedly mixed, with tentative success stories like Tunisia contrasting with the emergence of even more repressive dictatorships in places like Egypt, with the backing of several Gulf states. Focusing primarily on Egypt, this book considers a relatively understudied dimension of these revolutions: the role of prominent religious scholars. While pro-revolutionary ulama have justified activism against authoritarian regimes, counter-revolutionary scholars have provided religious backing for repression, and in some cases the mass murder of unarmed protestors. Usaama al-Azami traces the public engagements and religious pronouncements of several prominent ulama in the region, including Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Ali Gomaa and Abdullah bin Bayyah, to explore their role in either championing the Arab revolutions or supporting their repression. He concludes that while a minority of noted scholars have enthusiastically endorsed the counter-revolutions, their approach is attributable less to premodern theology and more to their distinctly modern commitment to the authoritarian state.

Author : Lahouari Addi
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781626164505

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Radical Arab Nationalism and Political Islam by Lahouari Addi Pdf

Radical Arab nationalism emerged in the modern era as a response to European political and cultural domination, culminating in a series of military coups in the mid-20th century in Egypt, Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Libya. This movement heralded the dawn of modern, independent nations that would close the economic, social, scientific, and military gaps with the West while building a unity of Arab nations. But this dream failed. In fact, radical Arab nationalism became a barrier to civil peace and national cohesion, most tragically demonstrated in the case of Syria, for two reasons: 1) national armies militarized nationalism and its political objectives; 2) these nations did not keep pace with the intellectual and political and cultural and social progress of European nations that offered, for example, freedom of speech and thought. It was the failure of radical Arab nationalism, Addi contends, that made the more recent political Islam so popular. But if radical nationalism militarized politics, the Islamists politicized religion. Today, the prevailing medieval interpretation of Islam, defended by the Islamists, prevents these nations from making progress and achieving the kind of social justice that radical Arab nationalism once promised. Will political Islam fail, too? Can nations ruled by political Islam accommodate modernity? Their success or failure, Addi writes, depends upon this question.

Author : Christine M. Helms
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Arab countries
ISBN : 9781428981928

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Arabism and Islam by Christine M. Helms Pdf

During the 1980s, Islamic activists in the Arab Middle East have challenged the definition of "legitimate authority" and provided the means and rationale for revolutionary change, hoping to pressure established governments to alter domestic and foreign policies. No nation-state has been immune. Fearful Arab nationalist leaders, unwilling or unable to abandon decades of ideological baggage, have begun a gradual, if erratic, process of melding the spirit and letter of Islamic precepts into existing national laws and political rhetoric. Whether it is adequate to the challenge, the state nevertheless bears the onus of accommodation, because Islam and Arabism will not soon disappear. They will assume new form and substance in the changing realities of the region. Dilemmas inherent to this century and the gauntlet delivered to hitherto unquestioned political caveats will continue to exacerbate the competition between Islam and Arabism, their quest for political platforms and supporters, and the credibility of all other claimants, including the state. Visions of the future, especially when they are sacred and apocalyptic, can never be entirely freed of historical, emotive baggage. Even if Islamic political activism and pan-Arabism diminish in their intensity, they will endure as subtle, formative forces in all aspects of life. Indigenous inhabitants are fully aware that these influences have profound resonance in their lives. At the same time, these forces act like invisible sentinels in the mind, standing ready to cast a long shadow as unconscious motivators of political behavior. Sections are as follows: Declaration of Crisis; Pluralism: Minorities in the Arab World; Stateless Nations and Nationless States: Twentieth Century Disunity; Search for Unity: An Arab Sunni Core; Arabs and Non-Arabs: The Myth of Equality; Fatal Wounds: Universal Islam Takes the Offensive; and The State: Visionary Futures.

Author : Ingvar Svanberg,David Westerlund
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136113307

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Islam Outside the Arab World by Ingvar Svanberg,David Westerlund Pdf

Today about 85 per cent of the world population of Muslims live in areas outside the Arab world, and due to population growth, missionary endeavours and migration, the number of Muslims in these areas is rising rapidly. This volume presents the spread and character of Islam in many non-Arab countries, focusing particularly on the contemporary situation. The book deals with the great variety and complexity that characterize Islam outside the Arab world, with Sufism (the predominant form of Islam in most non-Arab Muslim countries), and with the growing significance of Islamism which challenges secularism and Sufi forms of Islam.

Author : B. Tibi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1997-01-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230376540

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Arab Nationalism by B. Tibi Pdf

The third edition includes a new Part Five on the tensions between Arab nationalism and Islam arising from the crisis of the nation-state and of the de-legitimisation of Pan-Arab regimes. The effects of the Arab defeat in the Six-Day War 1967 and the rise of political Islam in the 1970s are the focus of the new part. The background of the analysis of the impact and function of nationalism and its contribution to social and political change in the Third World, taking the rise of nationalism in the Middle East as a historical example. Professor Tibi concentrates on the period after the First World War, when many Arab intellectuals became disillusioned with Britain and France as a result of the occupation of their countries. One focus of this study are the writings and influence of Sati' al-Husri on Middle Eastern politics. Professor Tibi illustrates the connection between modern Arab nationalism and nineteenth-century German Romantic nationalism, which will be of particular interest to the English reader. Professor Tibi concludes that while nationalism has played a necessary and important role in the movement for national independence in the Middle East, it has since developed into an ideology which seems to obstruct further social and political emancipation. This third edition, brought completely up to date by a substantial new introduction and two new concluding chapters, will be of particular interest to historians and social scientists dealing with nationalism and crises of the nation-state as well as to students of the Middle East and contemporary Islam.

Author : B. Tibi,ed,trans Marion Farouk-Sluglett,Peter Sluglett
Publisher : Springer
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1990-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781349208029

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Arab Nationalism by B. Tibi,ed,trans Marion Farouk-Sluglett,Peter Sluglett Pdf

In this new edition Professor Tibi analyses the impact and function of nationalism and its contribution to social and political change in the Third World, taking the rise of nationalism in the Middle East as a historical example. He concentrates on the period after the First World War, when many Arab intellectuals became disillusioned with Britain and France as a result of the occupation of their countries. Professor Tibi's careful study of the writings and influence of Sati' al-Husri illustrates the connection between modern Arab nationalism and nineteenth century German Romantic nationalism, which will be of particular interest to the English reader. Professor Tibi concludes that while nationalism has played a necessary and important role in the movement for national independence in the Middle East, it has since developed into an ideology which seems to obstruct further social and political emancipation. This book will be of particular interest to historians and social scientists as well as to specialists in the area itself.

Author : Thomas Molnar
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351531313

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Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival by Thomas Molnar Pdf

Over the past decade, the political ground beneath the Middle East has shifted. Arab nationalism the political orthodoxy for most of this century has lost its grip on the imagination and allegiance of a new generation. At the same time, Islam as an ideology has spread across the region, and "Islamists" bid to capture the center of politics. Most Western scholars and experts once hailed the redemptive power of Arabism. Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival is a critical assessment of the contradictions of Arab nationalism and Islamic fundamentalism, and the misrepresentation of both in the West.The first part of the book argues that Arab nationalism--the so-called Arab awakening--bore within it the seeds of its own failure. Arabism as an idea drew upon foreign sources and resources. Even as it claimed to liberate the Arabs from imperialism it deepened intellectual dependence upon the West's own romanticism and radicalism. Ultimately, Arab nationalism became a force of oppression rather than liberation, and a mirror image of the imperialism it defied. Kramer's essays together form the only chronological telling and the at fully documented postmortem of Arabism. The second part of the book examines the similar failings of Islamism, whose ideas are Islamic reworkings of Western ideological radicalism. Its effect has been to give new life to old rationales for oppression, authoritarianism, and sectarian division.Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival provides an alternative view of a century of Middle Eastern history. As the region moves fitfully past ideology, Kramer's perspective is more compelling than at any time in the past-in Western academe no less than among many in the Middle. This book will be of interest to sociologists, political scientists, economists, and Middle East specialists.

Author : David Westerlund,Ingvar Svanberg
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Islam
ISBN : 9780700711246

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Islam Outside the Arab World by David Westerlund,Ingvar Svanberg Pdf

2: Asia and Oceania

Author : Ibrāhīm ibn ʻAlī Wazīr
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Islam
ISBN : STANFORD:36105073502432

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Whither the Middle East by Ibrāhīm ibn ʻAlī Wazīr Pdf

Author : R. Stephen Humphreys
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2005-11-16
Category : History
ISBN : 0520932587

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Between Memory and Desire by R. Stephen Humphreys Pdf

Middle Easterners today struggle to find solutions to crises of economic stagnation, political gridlock, and cultural identity. In recent decades Islam has become central to this struggle, and almost every issue involves fierce, sometimes violent debates over the role of religion in public life. In this post-9/11 updated edition R. Stephen Humphreys presents a thoughtful analysis of Islam's place in today's Middle East and integrates the medieval and modern history of the region to show how the sacred and secular are tightly interwoven in its political and intellectual life.

Author : Basheer M. Nafi
Publisher : ISBS
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 0863722350

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Arabism, Islamism and the Palestine Question, 1908-1941 by Basheer M. Nafi Pdf

This title traces the origin, development and interaction of two major Arab political forces during the interwar period: the Arab-Islamic movement and the Palestine Question. Dr Nafi analyses the factors that prompted the Arab reformists to take up an Arabist political view at the turn of the century and examines the convergence of Arabism with the struggle for Palestine in the aftermath of World War I. By highlighting key events in the Arab interwar movement - the Jerusalem Western Wall incident, the Syrian revolt in the mid-1920s, the Jerusalem General Islamic Congress, Egypt's adoption of Arabism, the 1936-9 Palestinian revolt, the reawakening of the pan-Arab movement in Iraq, and the Iraqi-British military clash of 1941 - the study follows the convergence of the fate of the Palestinians with that of the Arab movement as a whole. Despite the failure of the Arab movement to establish a united Arab state in the wake of World War I, Arabism re-emerged in the years to come. The question of Palestine, with its geopolitical and cultural ramifications, provided the chief unifying element upon which the Arab mass movement was predicated. Yet, while the Arab anti-imperialist struggle intensified during the 1930s, the declining Arab position in Palestine and the breakdown of several projects for Arab unity brought the movement to a crisis point on the eve of World War II. The increasing radicalization of Arab politics in the 1930s formed the background against which the reformist vision of Arab-Islamism reached breaking point - precipitating the crisis of legitimacy that affected the Arab regional state, the future conflict between the Arab-nationalist governments and Islamist forces, and the violence that marked Arab political life for several decades to come.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9992070331

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Arabism and Islam by Anonim Pdf

Author : Nazih Ayubi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2003-09-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134849703

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Political Islam by Nazih Ayubi Pdf

Islamic theocracy is now firmly established in fundamentalist Iran, and waves of fundamentalism are sweeping the entire Islamic world, and its diaspora. This book examines the claim of those Islamists who contend that, as a belief system and a way of life, Islam carries with it a theory of politics and the state which should be applied unquestioningly. Ayubi traces both the intellectual sources and the socio-economic bases of Political Islam, arguing that it is a modern phenomenon, dating back only to the inter-war period. He describes its major proponents as urban, educated and relatively young people, whose energies were mobilised, but whose expectations were not fulfilled by the post-independence `populist' regimes in the Arab World. Islamic movements in six countries are studied in detail. Ayubi's distinctively broad definition of politics encompasses innovative material on sex and the family, and on the emerging alternative economic and social networks of Islamic banks, schools, and hospitals in the countries discussed. Ayubi stresses the traditional concern in Islam for the collective enforcement of morals, but argues that there is no case for the commonly held misconception that politics begins from theological principles in the Arab world: the historical connection between Islam and politics can be explained as an attempt by the rulers to legitimise their actions. He suggests that radical Islamists are reversing this position by subjecting politics to their specific religious views, so their movement is in some senses an anti-state one. He concludes by discussing possible intellectual responses to fundamentalism, drawing on the thinking of contemporary Muslim liberals.

Author : Thomas Molnar
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351531306

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Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival by Thomas Molnar Pdf

Over the past decade, the political ground beneath the Middle East has shifted. Arab nationalism the political orthodoxy for most of this century has lost its grip on the imagination and allegiance of a new generation. At the same time, Islam as an ideology has spread across the region, and "Islamists" bid to capture the center of politics. Most Western scholars and experts once hailed the redemptive power of Arabism. Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival is a critical assessment of the contradictions of Arab nationalism and Islamic fundamentalism, and the misrepresentation of both in the West.The first part of the book argues that Arab nationalism--the so-called Arab awakening--bore within it the seeds of its own failure. Arabism as an idea drew upon foreign sources and resources. Even as it claimed to liberate the Arabs from imperialism it deepened intellectual dependence upon the West's own romanticism and radicalism. Ultimately, Arab nationalism became a force of oppression rather than liberation, and a mirror image of the imperialism it defied. Kramer's essays together form the only chronological telling and the at fully documented postmortem of Arabism. The second part of the book examines the similar failings of Islamism, whose ideas are Islamic reworkings of Western ideological radicalism. Its effect has been to give new life to old rationales for oppression, authoritarianism, and sectarian division.Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival provides an alternative view of a century of Middle Eastern history. As the region moves fitfully past ideology, Kramer's perspective is more compelling than at any time in the past-in Western academe no less than among many in the Middle. This book will be of interest to sociologists, political scientists, economists, and Middle East specialists.

Author : Amal N. Ghazal
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2010-04-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136996559

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Islamic Reform and Arab Nationalism by Amal N. Ghazal Pdf

Bridging African and Arab histories, this book examines the relationship between Islam, nationalism and the evolution of identity politics from late 19th Century to World War II. It provides a cross-national, cross-regional analysis of religious reform, nationalism, anti-colonialism from Zanzibar to Oman, North Africa and the Middle East. This book widens the scope of modern Arab history by integrating Omani rule in Zanzibar in the historiography of Arab nationalism and Islamic reform. It examines the intellectual and political ties and networks between Zanzibar, Oman, Algeria, Egypt, Istanbul and the Levant and the ways those links shaped the politics of identity of the Omani elite in Zanzibar. Out of these connections emerges an Omani intelligentsia strongly tied to the Arab cultural nahda and to movements of Islamic reform, pan-Islamism and pan-Arabism. The book examines Zanzibari nationalism, as formulated by the Omani intelligentsia, through the prism of these pan-Islamic connections and in the light of Omani responses to British policies in Zanzibar. The author sheds light on Ibadism - an overlooked sect of Islam - and its modern intellectual history and the role of the Omani elite in bridging Ibadism with pan-Islamism and pan-Arabism. Although much has been written about nationalism in the Arab world, this is the first book to discuss nationalism in Zanzibar in the wider context of religious reform and nationalism in the Arab world, and the first to offer a new framework of analysis to the study of pan-Islamic and pan-Arab movements and nationalism.