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Author : Swapna Bhattacharya
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Ethnic conflict
ISBN : 9350980622
Author : Martin Smith
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Communalism
ISBN : 907056369X
Author : David Scott Mathieson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Arakanese (Burmese people)
ISBN : 1601278349
Armed conflict in Myanmar's Rakhine State between the Arakan Army and the Tatmadaw, the national army, has escalated sharply in the past two years. This development has been largely eclipsed, however, by the continuing international focus on the human rights crisis of the Rohingya Muslim minority. As this report explains, if this new conflict continues to expand in scope and ferocity, the hope of repatriating Rohingya refugees will recede into the future and the rest of the country will suffer from the increasing violence and destabilization.
Author : Anthony Ware,Costas Laoutides
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190050207
The plight of Myanmar's Rohingya Muslims has made international news in recent years. Reports of genocide, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity are commonplace. The Rohingyas have been denied citizenship and are widely discriminated against. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced by violence, or have sought refuge in neighbouring or friendly Muslim countries. This conflict has become a litmus test for change in this country in transition, and current assessments are far from positive. Whitewashing by the military, and a refusal by Aung San Suu Kyi's government to even use the name 'Rohingya', adds to international scepticism. Exploring this long-running tripartite conflict between the Rohingya, Rakhine and Burman ethnic groups, this book offers a new analysis of the complexities of the conflict: the fears and motivations driving it and the competition to control historical representations and collective memory. By questioning these competing narratives, offering detailed sociopolitical analysis and examining the international dimensions of the conflict, this book offers new insights into what is preventing a peaceful resolution to this intractable conflict.
Author : Ashley South
Publisher : Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789814786225
Myanmar is going through a period of profound - and contested - transition. The country has experienced widespread if sometimes uneven reforms, including the start of a peace process between the government and Myanmar Army, and some two dozen ethnic armed organizations, which had long been fighting for greater autonomy from the militarized and Burman-dominated state. This book brings together chapters by Burmese and foreign experts, and contributions from community and political leaders, who discuss the meaning of citizenship in Myanmar/Burma. The book explores citizenship in relation to three broad categories: issues of identity and conflict; debates around concepts and practices of citizenship; and inter- and intra-community issues, including Buddhist-Muslim relations. This is the first volume to address these issues, understanding and resolving which will be central to Myanmar's continued transition away from violence and authoritarianism.
Author : John Clifford Holt
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-30
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780824881870
Myanmar’s Buddhist-Muslim Crisis is a probing search into the reasons and rationalizations behind the violence occurring in Myanmar, especially the oppressive military campaigns waged against Rohingya Muslims by the army in 2016 and 2017. Over more than three years John Holt traveled around Myanmar engaging in sustained conversations with prominent and articulate participants and observers. What emerges from his peregrinations is a series of compelling portraits revealing both deep insights and entrenched misunderstandings. To understand the conflict, Holt must first accurately capture the viewpoints of his different conversation partners, who include Buddhists and Muslims, men and women, monks and laypeople, activists and scholars. Conversations range widely over issues such as the rise of Buddhist nationalism; the sometimes enigmatic and unexpected positions taken by Aung San Suu Kyii; use of the controversial term “Rohingya”; the impact of state-sponsored propaganda on the Burmese public; resistance to narratives emanating from international media, the United Nations, and the international diplomatic community; the frustrations of local political leaders who have felt left out of the policy-making process in the Rakhine State; and the constructive hopes and efforts still being made by forward-looking activists in Yangon. Three main perspectives emerge from the voices he listens to, those of Arakanese Buddhists who are native to Rakhine (once called Arakan), where much of the conflict has taken place; Burmese Buddhists (or Bamars), who make up the vast majority of Myanmar’s population; and the Rohingya Muslims, whose tragic story has been widely disseminated by the international media. What surfaces in conversation after conversation among all three groups is a narrative of siege: all see themselves as the aggrieved party, and all recount a history of being under siege. John Holt gives voice to these different perspectives as an engaged and concerned participant, offering both a critical and empathetic account of Myanmar’s tragic predicament. Readers follow the hopes and dismay of this seasoned scholar of Theravada Buddhism as he seeks his own understanding of the variously impassioned forces in play in this still unfolding drama.
Author : Shwe Lu Maung
Publisher : Khan Publications
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-09-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1928840108
The Rakhine State Violence Vol. II: The Rohingya The Rakhine State Violence by Shwe Lu Maung is published in two volumes. The Volume 1. The Rakhaing Revolution (ISBN 13: 978-1928840-09-1) deals with the strategic problems of the decolonization of Burma (Myanmar). The author asserts that the recognition of the Rohingya rights is a part of the decolonization of Myanmar. In the 2014 Myanmar census more than 1.3 million identified themselves Rohingya. The self-identification is a birthright that every human has. Nevertheless, the Myanmar authorities did not accept their identity "Rohingya" and excluded them from the 2014 census. The Myanmar authorities announced that the "Rohingya" will be included in the census only if the "Rohingya" accept the identity "Bengali." The Myanmar government labeled them "illegal Bengali immigrants." The Rohingya, more than one million, claim that they are the indigenous to Arakan. They defy the injustice and brave to live a "stateless life" in the concentration camps or in the open prisons. Now they are known as the 'internally displaced persons' or IDP. Keeping this in mind, the author explores the Rohingya issues various angles that includes the followings- 1. The 'out-of-Africa' human migration. 2. The population genetics 3. The Anthropological approach 4. The history 5. The traditions 6. The historical materialism 7. The politics 8. The human rights 9. The common humanity In The Rakhine State Violence, Vol. II: The Rohingya the author made a scientific and revolutionary approach in exploring the Rohingya crisis. The author, Shwe Lu Maung, a biological scientist by profession, is a former Burmese guerrilla, and this is his third book on Burma. His earlier books are (1) Shwe Lu Maung, Burma Nationalism and Ideology, University Press Ltd., Dhaka, 1989, and (2) Shwe Lu Maung, The Price of Silence: Muslim-Buddhist War of Bangladesh and Myanmar - A Social Darwinist's Analysis, DewDrop Arts & Technology, USA, 2005.
Author : Gabrielle Aron
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 5 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Ethnic conflict
ISBN : 1601276982
This Peace Brief highlights the ways in which national and international narratives surrounding the recent Rakhine State crisis in Myanmar have shaped political dynamics and how the situation has evolved.
Author : Arthur P. Phayre
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1841
Category : Arakan State (Burma)
ISBN : BL:A0019102145
Author : Azeem Ibrahim
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Burma
ISBN : 9781849049733
The Rohingya are a Muslim group who live in Rakhine state (formerly Arakan state) in western Myanmar (Burma), a majority Buddhist country. According to the United Nations, they are one of the most persecuted minorities in the world. They suffer routine discrimination at the hands of neighboring Buddhist Rakhine groups, but international human rights groups such as Human Rights Watch (HRW) have also accused Myanmar's authorities of being complicit in a campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya Muslims. The Rohingya face regular violence, arbitrary arrest and detention, extortion, and other abuses, a situation that has been particularly acute since 2012 in the wake of a serious wave of sectarian violence. Islam is practiced by around 4% of the population of Myanmar, and most Muslims also identify as Rohingya. Yet the authorities refuse to recognize this group as one of the 135 ethnic groups or 'national races' making up Myanmar's population. On this basis, Rohingya individuals are denied citizenship rights in the country of their birth, and face severe limitations on many aspects of an ordinary life, such as marriage or movement around the country. This expose of the attempt to erase the Rohingyas from the face of Myanmar is sure to gain widespread attention.
Author : John Clifford Holt
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-30
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780824881795
Myanmar’s Buddhist-Muslim Crisis is a probing search into the reasons and rationalizations behind the violence occurring in Myanmar, especially the oppressive military campaigns waged against Rohingya Muslims by the army in 2016 and 2017. Over more than three years John Holt traveled around Myanmar engaging in sustained conversations with prominent and articulate participants and observers. What emerges from his peregrinations is a series of compelling portraits revealing both deep insights and entrenched misunderstandings. To understand the conflict, Holt must first accurately capture the viewpoints of his different conversation partners, who include Buddhists and Muslims, men and women, monks and laypeople, activists and scholars. Conversations range widely over issues such as the rise of Buddhist nationalism; the sometimes enigmatic and unexpected positions taken by Aung San Suu Kyii; use of the controversial term “Rohingya”; the impact of state-sponsored propaganda on the Burmese public; resistance to narratives emanating from international media, the United Nations, and the international diplomatic community; the frustrations of local political leaders who have felt left out of the policy-making process in the Rakhine State; and the constructive hopes and efforts still being made by forward-looking activists in Yangon. Three main perspectives emerge from the voices he listens to, those of Arakanese Buddhists who are native to Rakhine (once called Arakan), where much of the conflict has taken place; Burmese Buddhists (or Bamars), who make up the vast majority of Myanmar’s population; and the Rohingya Muslims, whose tragic story has been widely disseminated by the international media. What surfaces in conversation after conversation among all three groups is a narrative of siege: all see themselves as the aggrieved party, and all recount a history of being under siege. John Holt gives voice to these different perspectives as an engaged and concerned participant, offering both a critical and empathetic account of Myanmar’s tragic predicament. Readers follow the hopes and dismay of this seasoned scholar of Theravada Buddhism as he seeks his own understanding of the variously impassioned forces in play in this still unfolding drama.
Author : Pamela Gutman
Publisher : Weatherhill, Incorporated
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015054391068
This thorough introduction to the history, art, and culture of Arakan, an ancient state located in the northeast corner of Burma, explains and illustrates how Southeast Asia from the beginning of the first millennium absorbed and reinterpreted the influences of many cultures. It is written by a noted scholar who visited the area over many years while conducting research for her doctoral thesis on Arakan. Off the Bay of Bengal, in the northwest corner of Burma lie the splendid capital cites of ancient Arakan; Dhanyaawadi, Vesali and Mrauk-U (Myohaung) being the largest. Mentioned in Ptolemy's "Geographia" (2nd century), Arakan was from earliest times a cosmopolitan state with a vigorous and mixed culture. Indian Brahmins conducted the royal ceremonials, Buddhist monks spread their teachings, traders came and went, and artists and architects used Indian models for inspiration. Through Buddhism, Arakan came into contact with other remote countries, including Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tibet, and China. To the east were the many early empires of Southeast Asia: Burman, Siamese, and Khmer, while later came influences from the Islamic courts of Bengal and Delhi. This is the first comprehensive study on the history, art, and culture of Arakan. It also serves as an excellent introduction to the hitherto almost unknown bronze and stone art of Arakan.
Author : Melyn McKay
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Ethnic conflict
ISBN : 1601277709
Rakhine’s recent conflicts and humanitarian crises can be understood as an intersection of numerous grievances—many of which are not explicitly religious. Interethnic tensions, economic inequalities, and political drivers all contribute to violent conflict. To date, few influential religious leaders and religious social service networks have been engaged by aid, policymaking, and peacebuilding actors—whether national or international. This lack of engagement has sustained pervasive mistrust of the international community at all levels of Rakhine society. Key opportunities to build trust with the religious sector include engaging religious actors in consultations, needs assessments, and aid distributions and providing dispute resolution training to religious leaders across all communities. International nongovernmental organizations need to be sensitive to the concerns that religious actors and networks have about engaging with them on social issues. When engaging with religious actors in programming, it is essential to bear in mind that though religious figures and networks may be able to influence community perspectives and attitudes, they rarely have the power to enforce broad behavior change. Furthermore, ordination is not essential to religious influence in Rakhine (and in Myanmar more broadly). The elderly and members of local religious committees and networks, including women’s and youth groups, are regularly cited as sources of religious influence despite their being lay persons.
Author : Matthew F. Smith,Tirana Hassan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Arakanese (Burmese people)
ISBN : 1564329224
"This report describes how the Burmese authorities failed to take adequate measures to stem rising tensions and the outbreak of sectarian violence in Arakan State. Though the army eventually contained the mob violence in the state capital, Sittwe, both Arakan and Rohingya witnesses told Human Rights Watch that government forces stood by while members from each community attacked the other, razing villages and committing an unknown number of killings. The report is based on 57 interviews conducted in June and July 2012 with affected Arakan, Rohingya, and others in Burma and in Bangladesh, where Rohingya have sought refuge from the violence and abuses."--Publisher's website.
Author : Andrew Seth
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Burma
ISBN : 1601277253
In 2016 and 2017, in response to small attacks by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, Myanmar’s armed forces launched “area clearance operations” against the Rohingya minority in Rakhine State—a response the U.S. government has called ethnic cleansing. This report explores the structure, training, and ethos of Myanmar’s armed forces to clarify the implications and challenges of, and the prospects for, finding constructive ways forward as well as an accounting for the past. Drawing on an in-depth review of the literature, extensive field experience, and interviews, the report is published by the United States Institute of Peace. Myanmar’s military leaders have long been haunted by the prospect that one day they may lose the power to control events and be brought before a court to account for their actions, and those of their subordinates. They have had good reason to be concerned.
