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Author : Sunil P. Pande,Leena S. Deshpande
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Arsenic
ISBN : 8170356342
Author : S. P. Pande
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 8170359589
Arsenic is known as the king of poisons and had plagued human being since the days of antiquity. It is both a cause of large-scale environmental contamination and serious health hazard. Incidences of arsenic contamination in ground water and the subsequent sufferings of people from arsenic poisoning resulting from drinking arsenic contaminated water have been widely reported in the developed and developing countries. Instances of arsenic contamination in the world are mainly of two categories: (a) natural groundwater contamination; and (b) contamination of water, air and the environment caused by the use of arsenical pesticides, industrial activities, mining and smelting operations. The focus of this book prominently encompasses the information on aquatic chemistry of arsenic (including analysis and removal studies) with particular reference to drinking water and the researches carried out worldwide by different organizations. Special reference has been made in this book to the recommendations of WHO, which has contributed significantly in providing financial, technical and manpower support to resolve this global environmental menace of arsenic in groundwater. The information presented in this book would hopefully serve as a valuable material for the scientists and professionals engaged in this subject area.
Author : Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water,Commission on Life Sciences,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1999-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309553674
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been considering a more stringent regulation of arsenic in water. A significant reduction in the maximum contaminant level (MCL) could increase compliance costs for water utilities. This book discusses the adequacy of the current EPA MCL for protecting human health in the context of stated EPA policy and provides an unbiased scientific basis for deriving the arsenic standard for drinking water and surface water. Arsenic in Drinking Water evaluates epidemiological data on the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health effects of arsenic exposure of Taiwanese populations and compares those effects with the effects of arsenic exposure demonstrated in other countriesincluding the United States. The book also reviews data on toxicokinetics, metabolism, and mechanism and mode of action of arsenic to ascertain how these data could assist in assessing human health risks from arsenic exposures. This volume recommends specific changes to improve the toxicity analyses and risk characterization. The implications of the changes for EPAs current MCL for arsenic are also described.
Author : Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 988 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-02-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323984713
Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology, Second Edition presents the latest findings on arsenic, including its chemistry, sources and effects on the environment and human health. The book discusses both acute and chronic effects, discussing many aspects of arsenic, from physical and chemical properties, exposure, epidemiology, organ toxicity, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Fully updated and revised, this new edition includes new topics on risk assessment, molecular mechanisms of arsenic, advances in the integrated approach to testing, assessment and development, evaluation and application of high content predictive models, and new alternative methods (NAMS) in the context of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to assess toxicology. This comprehensive resource allows readers to effectively assess the risks related to arsenic, providing them with all they need to know on arsenic exposure, toxicity and toxicity prevention. Brings together current findings on the effects of arsenic on the environment and human health Includes state-of-the-art techniques in arsenic toxicokinetics, speciation and molecular mechanisms Provides all the information needed for effective risk assessment, prevention and countermeasures
Author : Ali Fares,Sushant K. Singh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030212582
This edited volume brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by arsenic water contamination. The book sheds light on this global environmental issue, and proposes solutions to aquatic contamination through a multi-disciplinary lens and case studies from Bangladesh and India. The book may serve as a reference to environment and sustainability researchers, students and policy makers. Part one of the book describes the issue of arsenic contamination in ground water and river basins, including its source and distribution in specific locations in India. Part two explains the routes of exposure to environmental arsenic, its transport in aquatic ecosystems, and the health risks linked to arsenic exposure in food and the environment. Part three addresses sustainable arsenic contamination mitigation strategies and policies, the socioeconomic, demographic, cultural and psychological aspects of arsenic contamination, and the potential applications of GIS and remote sensing in providing solutions. Part four concludes by discussing the role of local and regional institutions in water resources management for a variety of issues including but not limited to arsenic contamination, and presents a case study in the Indus river basin in Pakistan to propose future contamination mitigation strategies.
Author : Ravi Naidu,Euan Smith,Gary Owens,Prosun Bhattacharya
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2006-02-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780643099234
Arsenic is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic elements in the environment. This book brings together the current knowledge on arsenic contamination worldwide, reviewing the field, highlighting common themes and pointing to key areas needing future research. Contributions discuss methods for accurate identification and quantification of individual arsenic species in a range of environmental and biological matrices and give an overview of the environmental chemistry of arsenic. Next, chapters deal with the dynamics of arsenic in groundwater and aspects of arsenic in soils and plants, including plant uptake studies, effects on crop quality and yield, and the corresponding food chain and human health issues associated with these exposure pathways. These concerns are coupled with the challenge to develop efficient, cost effective risk management and remediation strategies: recent technological advances are described and assessed, including the use of adsorbants, photo-oxidation, bioremediation and electrokinetic remediation. The book concludes with eleven detailed regional perspectives of the extent and severity of arsenic contamination from around the world. It will be invaluable for arsenic researchers as well as environmental scientists and environmental chemists, toxicologists, medical scientists, and statutory authorities seeking an in-depth view of the issues surrounding this toxin.
Author : Yongguan Zhu,Huaming Guo,Prosun Bhattacharya,Arslan Ahmad,Jochen Bundschuh,Ravi Naidu
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 715 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351046619
The Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with significant societal impact. The Congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Biennial Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia (Spain), As2010 in Tainan (Chinese Taiwan), As2012 in Cairns (Australia), As2014 in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and As2016 in Stockholm (Sweden). The 7th International Congress As2018 was held July 1-6, 2018, in Beijing, P. R. China and was entitled Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World. The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research aligned on the following themes: Theme 1: Arsenic Behaviour in Changing Environmental Media Theme 2: Arsenic in a Changing Agricultural Ecosystem Theme 3: Health Impacts of Environmental Arsenic Theme 4: Technologies for Arsenic Immobilization and Clean Water Blueprints Theme 5: Sustainable Mitigation and Management Arsenic in drinking water (mainly groundwater) has emerged as an issue of global health concern. During last decade, the presence of arsenic in rice, possibly also other food of plant origins, has attained increasing attention. This is particularly true in the Asian countries, where the use of high arsenic groundwater as source of irrigation water and drinking water has been flagged as severe health concern. This has been accentuated by elevating arsenic concentrations in deep groundwater recharged from shallow high arsenic groundwater, which may have further detrimental effects on public health. Notably, China has been in the forefront of research on arsenic biogeochemical cycling, health effects of arsenic, technologies for arsenic removal, and sustainable mitigation measures. The Congress has attracted professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research on arsenic in an open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, research institutions, government and non-governmental agencies, industries, and civil society organizations to share an optimal ambience for exchange of knowledge.
Author : Lars Landner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642613340
Hazard assessment of a compound (xenobiotic) discharged to the aquatic environment requires data on both exposure and effects to various components of the ecosystem. The multitude of ecological gradients in the Baltic Sea is used as a background example for discussing the complexity of the issue and the need for new approaches. Therefore, this book attempts to go beyond the simplistic, standardized short-term laboratory tests traditionally used as a basis for hazard assessment of chemicals, and gives strong emphasis to the interpretation of ecotoxicological data in their real, ecological context, pointing out the need to consider the natural mortality distribution of the population under study, the role of keystone species and of species with broad ecological niches versus those with narrow, specialized niches.
Author : Sudhakar Srivastava
Publisher : Springer
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811385872
Arsenic contamination poses a major environmental problem, especially in Southeast Asian countries like Bangladesh and India. Threatening the health of millions of people due to arsenic’s toxicity and carcinogenicity, the major routes of arsenic exposure for humans are either through drinking water or crops. Rice is the crop most affected by arsenic owing to its cultivation in major arsenic contaminated areas, biogeochemical factors in the soil during rice growth, and specific features of rice that enable it take up more arsenic than other crop plants. This book addresses the problem of arsenic by pursuing a holistic approach. It presents the status quo in different parts of the world (North and South America, Europe, Asia, etc.) and provides essential information on food-related arsenic exposure risks for humans, and possible preventive and curative measures for tackling arsenic poisoning. It covers the arsenic contamination status of rice, rice-based products, other vegetables, fishes, mushrooms, and other foods, with a special focus on rice-arsenic interactions. The mechanisms of arsenic uptake, translocation and distribution in plants and grains are also explained. In closing, the book reviews a variety of prospective agronomic and biotechnological solutions to the problem of arsenic accumulation in rice grains. The book is intended for a broad audience including researchers, scientists, and readers with diverse backgrounds including agriculture, environmental science, food science, environmental management, and human health. It can also be used as an important reference guide for undergraduate and graduate students, university faculties, and environmentalists.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1999-06-14
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309184014
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been considering a more stringent regulation of arsenic in water. A significant reduction in the maximum contaminant level (MCL) could increase compliance costs for water utilities. This book discusses the adequacy of the current EPA MCL for protecting human health in the context of stated EPA policy and provides an unbiased scientific basis for deriving the arsenic standard for drinking water and surface water. Arsenic in Drinking Water evaluates epidemiological data on the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health effects of arsenic exposure of Taiwanese populations and compares those effects with the effects of arsenic exposure demonstrated in other countriesâ€"including the United States. The book also reviews data on toxicokinetics, metabolism, and mechanism and mode of action of arsenic to ascertain how these data could assist in assessing human health risks from arsenic exposures. This volume recommends specific changes to improve the toxicity analyses and risk characterization. The implications of the changes for EPA's current MCL for arsenic are also described.
Author : Prosun Bhattacharya,David Polya,Dragana Jovanovic
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781843393856
Arsenic in drinking water derived from groundwater is arguably the biggest environmental chemical human health risk known at the present time, with well over 100,000,000 people around the world being exposed. Monitoring the hazard, assessing exposure and health risks and implementing effective remediation are therefore key tasks for organisations and individuals with responsibilities related to the supply of safe, clean drinking water. Best Practice Guide on the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water, covering aspects of hazard distribution, exposure, health impacts, biomonitoring and remediation, including social and economic issues, is therefore a very timely contribution to disseminating useful knowledge in this area. The volume contains 10 short reviews of key aspects of this issue, supplemented by a further 14 case studies, each of which focusses on a particular area or technological or other practice, and written by leading experts in the field. Detailed selective reference lists provide pointers to more detailed guidance on relevant practice. The volume includes coverage of (i) arsenic hazard in groundwater and exposure routes to humans, including case studies in USA, SE Asia and UK; (ii) health impacts arising from exposure to arsenic in drinking water and biomonitoring approaches; (iii) developments in the nature of regulation of arsenic in drinking water; (iv) sampling and monitoring of arsenic, including novel methodologies; (v) approaches to remediation, particularly in the context of water safety planning, and including case studies from the USA, Italy, Poland and Bangladesh; and (vi) socio-economic aspects of remediation, including non-market valuation methods and local community engagement.
Author : J.M. Neff
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2002-04-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080527840
Large volumes of produced water are generated and discharged to the coastal and ocean waters worldwide from offshore oil and gas production facilities. There is concern that the chemicals in the produced water may harm marine ecosystems. This book summarizes the bioavailability and marine ecotoxicology of metal and organic contaminants that may occur in oil well produced water at concentrations significantly higher than those in ambient seawater. The contaminants of concern include arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, radium isotopes, zinc, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The first part of the book is a detailed discussion of the chemical composition of produced water from offshore oil wells worldwide and its fates following discharge to the ocean. The remaining chapters of the book summarize the current scientific literature on the sources and distributions in the ocean of each of the contaminants of concern and their bioaccumulation and toxicity to marine organisms. This book will be of value to: environmental scientists in the oil and gas industry; marine toxicologists and ecological risk assessors in academia, government, and industry; government regulatory agencies concerned with marine environmental protection. The book advances the concept that bioavailability evaluation must be included in all ecological risk assessments and other environmental assessments of chemical contaminants in marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Author : Ratko Kneević
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Arsenic
ISBN : 1536124613
Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic elements for plants, animal and humans, found in waters. It is considered as carcinogenic and causative agent of numerous human diseases by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, group 1) since 1980. Based on these observations and evidences, many studies have highlighted the interest of using plants for the detection of arsenic in the environment. Arsenic sources and speciation, as well as arsenic uptake and toxicity in plants, will be reviewed in Chapter One. Chapter Two aims to introduce the arsenic uptake in some of the common and popular fruits and vegetables that have been a pathway of risk to human health. In Chapter Three a three-module continuous plant design, capable of deliver up to 1 m3/day of arsenic-free drinking water, is described. Chapter Four studies the toxicogenesis of arsenic in wheat and paddy plants with subsequent internal metabolism and remediation strategies.
Author : Alan H. Welch,Kenneth G. Stollenwerk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306479564
Interest in arsenic in ground water has greatly increased in the past decade because of the increased awareness of human health effects and the costs of avoidance or treatment of ground water supplies used for consumption. The goal of this book is to provide a description of the basic processes that affect arsenic occurrence and transport by providing sufficient background information on arsenic geochemistry and descriptions of hi- arsenic ground water, both affected and unaffected by human activity. An understanding of thermodynamics, adsorption, and the speciation of arsenic in solid phases, which are described in first three chapters, is needed to predict the fate of arsenic in ground water systems. Large-scale and deep movement of ground water can and has redistributed arsenic in the near surface environment, as described in the next two chapters. These large-scale systems can affect large volumes of both ground water and surface water, such as in the Yellowstone system, and can produce mineralised zones that subsequently release arsenic to ground water supplies. Regional identification of high-arsenic ground water and its consumption as described in the next three chapters clearly demonstrates a need for increased wat- quality monitoring, particularly in south and southeast Asia. Chapters 9-11 provide examples of high arsenic ground water associated with sulfide mineral oxidation and alkaline conditions. Finally, smaller scale studies of the effects of human activities that have produced high-arsenic ground water and methods for attenuation of ground water are presented.
Author : M. H. Arbab-Zavar,University of Southampton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:53534554
