Assessing The Left Turn In Ecuador

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Assessing the Left Turn in Ecuador

Francisco Sánchez,Simón Pachano
Assessing the Left Turn in Ecuador Book PDF

Author : Francisco Sánchez,Simón Pachano
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030276256

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Assessing the Left Turn in Ecuador by Francisco Sánchez,Simón Pachano Pdf

This book examines the “left turn” in Latin American politics, specifically through the lens of Ecuador and the effects of the Citizens’ Revolution’s actions and public policies on relevant actors and institutions. Through a comprehensive analysis of one country’s turn to the left and the outcomes generated by that process, the authors and editors provide a clearer understanding of the ways in which the popular desire for change (predominant through the region in recent times, as a response to late-twentieth-century neoliberalism) was realized—or not. The particular case of Ecuador further potentiates analysis of the entire region-wide process, considering that the “corrector” cycle is now at an end, and that the economic and international conditions that favored the return of left governments have also changed.

Ancestral Knowledges and Postcoloniality in Contemporary Ecuador

Julia von Sigsfeld
Ancestral Knowledges and Postcoloniality in Contemporary Ecuador Book PDF

Author : Julia von Sigsfeld
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-11-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000779424

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Ancestral Knowledges and Postcoloniality in Contemporary Ecuador by Julia von Sigsfeld Pdf

In light of an unprecedented constitutional acknowledgement of diverse epistemologies and stipulation making the protection and advancement of so-called 'ancestral knowledges' a duty of the state, this research provides an analysis of the uptake of historically subalternised knowledges by the state during the government of Rafael Correa (2007-2017), as well as of the strive for epistemic justice by peoples and nationalities' organisations in the context of struggles for social change, decolonisation, and self-determination. On the basis of rich empirical material, the analysis traces state discourses and practices and mechanisms to govern 'ancestral knowledges' in the framework of the government's Knowledge Society project and delineates how leaders of peoples and nationalities' organisations struggle for the decolonisation of knowledge. This monograph will be of interest to those concerned with relations between peoples and nationalities and Latin American states, politics of recognition and collective rights, the workings of purportedly post-neoliberal governments and the possibilities and limits for alternatives to development, the struggle of peoples and nationalities' organisations for (epistemic) decolonisation, as well as ongoing (re-)conceptualisations of cosmopolitanisms against restructurations of the coloniality of knowledge and being.

The Politics of Patronage Appointments in Latin American Central Administrations

Francisco Panizza,B. Guy Peters,Conrado Ramos Larraburu
The Politics of Patronage Appointments in Latin American Central Administrations Book PDF

Author : Francisco Panizza,B. Guy Peters,Conrado Ramos Larraburu
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822988922

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The Politics of Patronage Appointments in Latin American Central Administrations by Francisco Panizza,B. Guy Peters,Conrado Ramos Larraburu Pdf

Although merit system selection and management of public personnel is thought of as the standard for good governance, public employees frequently are appointed by political officials rather than being members of a career civil service. In fact, there has been an increase in the level of patronage appointments and politicization of public administration over the past several decades as political leaders attempt to impose their control over the public bureaucracy. Although widespread, patronage appointments in the public sector are particularly important in Latin America, where there is a tradition of extensive patronage. The Politics of Patronage Appointments in Latin American Central Administrations seeks to understand the motivations of patrons when they make appointments, the roles appointees play, the skills required to play these roles, and what accounts for different modalities of patronage. It moves beyond the conventional condemnation of patronage to examine the multiple uses of political appointments, which can be crucial for obtaining the services of highly qualified individuals who otherwise might not be willing to work in the public sector.

The Authoritarian Divide

Orçun Selçuk
The Authoritarian Divide Book PDF

Author : Orçun Selçuk
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780268208066

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The Authoritarian Divide by Orçun Selçuk Pdf

In the context of the global decline of democracy, The Authoritarian Divide analyzes the tactics that populist leaders in Turkey, Venezuela, and Ecuador have used to polarize their countries. Political polarization is traditionally viewed as the result of competing left/right ideologies. In The Authoritarian Divide, Orçun Selçuk argues that, regardless of ideology, polarization is driven by dominant populist leaders who deliberately divide constituents by cultivating a dichotomy of inclusion and exclusion. This practice, known as affective leader polarization, stymies compromise and undermines the democratic process. Drawing on multiple qualitative and quantitative methodologies for support, as well as content from propaganda media such as public speeches, Muhtar Meetings, Aló Presidente, and Enlace Ciudadano, Selçuk details and analyzes the tactics used by three well-known populist leaders to fuel affective leader polarization: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, and Rafael Correa in Ecuador. Selçuk’s work provides a rubric for a better understanding of—and potential defense against—the rise in polarizing populism across the globe.

Business Power and the State in the Central Andes

John Crabtree,Jonas Wolff,Francisco Durand
Business Power and the State in the Central Andes Book PDF

Author : John Crabtree,Jonas Wolff,Francisco Durand
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780822990048

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Business Power and the State in the Central Andes by John Crabtree,Jonas Wolff,Francisco Durand Pdf

Offers Fresh Insight into Crucial Debates over the Causes of Diverging and Converging Political Trajectories in the Region This coauthored monograph examines how business groups have interacted with state authorities in the three central Andean countries from the mid-twentieth century through the early twenty-first. This time span covers three distinct economic regimes: the period of state-led import substitutive industrialization from the 1950s through the 1970s, the neoliberalism of the 1980s and 1990s, and the post-neoliberal period since the earlier 2000s. These three countries share many similarities but also have important differences that reveal how power is manifested. Peru has had an almost unbroken hegemony of business elites who leverage their power over areas of state activity that affect them. Bolivia, by contrast, shows how strong social movements have challenged business dominance at crucial periods, reflecting a weaker elite class that is less able to exercise influence over decision-making. Ecuador falls in between these two, with business elites being more fragmented than in Peru and social movements being weaker than in Bolivia. The authors analyze the viability of these different regimes and economic models, why they change in specific circumstances, and how they affect the state and its citizen

Affect, Gender and Sexuality in Latin America

Cecilia Macón,Mariela Solana,Nayla Luz Vacarezza
Affect Gender and Sexuality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Cecilia Macón,Mariela Solana,Nayla Luz Vacarezza
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030593698

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Affect, Gender and Sexuality in Latin America by Cecilia Macón,Mariela Solana,Nayla Luz Vacarezza Pdf

This book emphasizes the significance of affects, feelings and emotions in how we think about politics, gender and sexuality in Latin America. Considering the complex and even contradictory social processes that the region is experiencing today, many Latin American authors are turning to affect to find a key to understand our present situation, to revisit our history, and to imagine new possibilities for the future. This tendency has shown such a specificity and sometimes departure from northern productions that it compels us to focus more deeply on its own arguments, methods, and critical contributions. This volume features essays that explore the particularities of Latin American ways of thinking about affect and how they can shed new light into our understanding of, gender, sexuality and politics.

The Invisibility Bargain

Jeffrey D. Pugh
The Invisibility Bargain Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey D. Pugh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197538708

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The Invisibility Bargain by Jeffrey D. Pugh Pdf

Migrants fleeing economic hardship or violence are entitled to a range of protections and rights under domestic and international law, yet they are often denied such protections in practice. In an era of mass migration and restrictive responses, migrant acceptance is often contingent on the expectation that they contribute economically to the host country while remaining politically and socially invisible. These unwritten expectations, which Jeffrey D. Pugh calls the "invisibility bargain", produce a precarious status in which migrants' visible differences or overt political demands on the state may be met with hostile backlash from the host society. In this context, governance networks of state and non-state actors form an institutional web that can provide indirect access to rights, resources, and protection, but simultaneously help migrants avoid negative backlash against visible political activism. The Invisibility Bargain seeks to understand how migrants negotiate their place in receiving societies and adapt innovative strategies to integrate, participate, and access protection. Specifically, the book examines Ecuador, the largest recipient of refugees in Latin America, and assesses how it achieved migrant human security gains despite weak state presence in peripheral areas. Pugh deploys evidence from 15 months of fieldwork spanning ten years in Ecuador, including 170 interviews, an original survey of Colombian migrants in six provinces, network analysis, and discourse analysis of hundreds of presidential speeches and news media articles. He argues that localities with more dense networks composed of more diverse actors tend to produce greater human security for migrants and their neighbors. The book challenges the conventional understanding of migration and security, providing a new approach to the negotiation of authority between state and society. By examining the informal pathways to human security, Pugh dismantles the false dichotomy between international and national politics, and exposes the micro politics of institutional innovation.

Shocks and Political Change

William R. Thompson,Thomas J. Volgy
Shocks and Political Change Book PDF

Author : William R. Thompson,Thomas J. Volgy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2023-05-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789819914982

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Shocks and Political Change by William R. Thompson,Thomas J. Volgy Pdf

Political shocks have come to be considered highly salient for explaining major changes to international politics and to the foreign policies of states. Such shocks can occur at all levels of analysis: domestically, dyadically, regionally, or globally. They range from political phenomena such as coups and wars to ecological catastrophes. These shocks are sufficiently disruptive to cause foreign policy makers to reconsider their foreign policy orientations and to contemplate major changes to their policies. In fact, some have argued that it is mostly through political shocks that fundamental policy change occurs in most states. No wonder then that political shocks are now increasingly part of the toolbox of considerations used by foreign policy and international relations scholars as they focus on understanding patterns of conflict and cooperation between states. Given the salience of political shocks to understand foreign policy change, this book brings together a group of both senior and more junior scholars whose previous work has shown substantial promise for moving forward theory and empirical analysis. Their combined efforts in this book highlight the value of multiple theoretical and empirical approaches to a clearer understanding of the nature of political shocks and their consequences for foreign policy and international politics.

Democracy without Parties in Peru

Omar Sanchez-Sibony
Democracy without Parties in Peru Book PDF

Author : Omar Sanchez-Sibony
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030875794

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Democracy without Parties in Peru by Omar Sanchez-Sibony Pdf

This book provides an in-depth look into key political dynamics that obtain in a democracy without parties, offering a window into political undercurrents increasingly in evidence throughout the Latin American region, where political parties are withering. For the past three decades, Peru has showcased a political universe populated by amateur politicians and the dominance of personalism as the main party–voter linkage form. The study peruses the post-2000 evolution of some of the key Peruvian electoral vehicles and classifies the partisan universe as a party non-system. There are several elements endogenous to personalist electoral vehicles that perpetuate partylessness, contributing to the absence of party building. The book also examines electoral dynamics in partyless settings, centrally shaped by effective electoral supply, personal brands, contingency, and iterated rounds of strategic voting calculi. Given the scarcity of information electoral vehicles provide, as well as the enormously complex political environment Peruvian citizens inhabit, personal brands provide readymade informational shortcuts that simplify the political world. The concept of “negative legitimacy environments” is furnished to capture political settings comprised of supermajorities of floating voters, pervasive negative political identities, and a generic citizen preference for newcomers and political outsiders. Such environments, increasingly present throughout Latin America, produce several deleterious effects, including high political uncertainty, incumbency disadvantage, and political time compression. Peru’s “democracy without parties” fails to deliver essential democratic functions including governability, responsiveness, horizontal and vertical accountability, or democratic representation, among others.

Resilience of Democracy

Anna Lührmann,Wolfgang Merkel
Resilience of Democracy Book PDF

Author : Anna Lührmann,Wolfgang Merkel
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2023-02-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000842760

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Resilience of Democracy by Anna Lührmann,Wolfgang Merkel Pdf

Illiberalism and authoritarianism have become major threats to democracy across the world. In response to this development, research on the causes and processes of democratic declines has blossomed. Much less scholarly attention has been devoted to the issue of democratic resilience. Why are some democracies more resilient than others to the current trend of autocratization? What role do institutions, actors and structural factors play in this regard? What options do democratic actors have to address illiberal and authoritarian challenges? This book addresses all these questions. The present introduction sets the stage by developing a new concept of democratic resilience as the ability of a democratic system, its institutions, political actors, and citizens to prevent or react to external and internal challenges, stresses, and assaults. The book posits three potential reactions of democratic regimes: to withstand without changes, to adapt through internal changes, and to recover without losing the democratic character of its regime and its constitutive core institutions, organizations, and processes. The more democracies are resilient on all four levels of the political system (political community, institutions, actors, citizens) the less vulnerable they turn out to be in the present and future. This edited volume will be of great value to students, academics, and researchers interested in politics, political regimes and theories, democracy and democratization, autocracy and autocratization, polarization, social democracy, and comparative government. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Democratization.

Autocracy Rising

Javier Corrales
Autocracy Rising Book PDF

Author : Javier Corrales
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-02-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815738084

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Autocracy Rising by Javier Corrales Pdf

How Nicolás Maduro reinvented authoritarianism for the twenty-first centurVenezuela, which once enjoyed periods of democratically elected governments in the latter half of the twentieth century, has descended into autocratic rule, coupled with economic collapse. In his new book, Autocracy Rising, veteran scholar of Latin American politics Javier Corrales explores how and why this happened. Corrales focuses on two themes: party systems and institutional capacity. He argues that Venezuela’s democratic backsliding advanced when the ruling party obtained far too much electoral clout while the opposition fragmented. The state then took control of formerly independent agencies of the state. This allowed the ruling party to use and abuse of the law to favor the president—which in turn generated a permanent economic crisis. After succeeding Hugo Chávez in 2013, Nicolás Maduro confronted, unexpectedly, another change in the party system: a rising opposition. This triggered deeper autocratization. To survive, the state was compelled to modernize autocratic practices and seek alliances with sinister partners. In short, Maduro concentrated power, paradoxically, by sharing power. Autocracy Rising compares what occurred in Venezuela to twenty other cases throughout Latin America where presidents were forced out of office. Corrales illuminates the depressing cycle in which semi-authoritarian regimes become increasingly autocratic in response to crisis, only to cause new crises that lead to even greater authoritarianism.

The Fifth Cleavage

Giovanni Barbieri
The Fifth Cleavage Book PDF

Author : Giovanni Barbieri
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781793603456

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The Fifth Cleavage by Giovanni Barbieri Pdf

The Fifth Cleavage: Genealogy of the Populist Ideology proposes an in-depth analysis of populism, as one of the central phenomena in the contemporary public and political debate. In particular, this study aims to investigate the causes of the emergence of populism and its possible effects on the political system and on the democratic institutions. The central thesis of the book is that populism is originated by a cleavage between two opposite groups – the people and the elite – which appeared for the first time soon after the democratic revolutions of the 17th and 18th centuries. This cleavage is not constantly active; but it tends to reactivate itself only under certain circumstances, when certain critical junctures occur, thus giving rise to different “waves” of populism. When the “populist cleavage” is active, the other lines of division and conflict (of class, of religion, etc.) lose their relevance. What are the features of this cleavage? What kind of relationship does it have with the well-known traditional cleavages (capital-labor, state-church, urban-rural, center-periphery)? What are the characteristics of the recent “wave” of populism? And what are its effects on the functioning of democracy? These are the main questions to which this book is devoted.

Technopopulism

Christopher J. Bickerton,Carlo Invernizzi Accetti
Technopopulism Book PDF

Author : Christopher J. Bickerton,Carlo Invernizzi Accetti
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192534996

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Technopopulism by Christopher J. Bickerton,Carlo Invernizzi Accetti Pdf

Technocratic appeals to expertise and populist invocations of 'the people' have become mainstays of political competition in established democracies. This development is best understood as the emergence of technopopulism—a new political logic that is being superimposed on the traditional struggle between left and right. Political movements and actors—such as Italy's Five Star Movement and France's La Républiqe En Marche—combine technocratic and populist appeals in a variety of ways, as do more established parties that are adapting to the particular set of incentives and constraints implicit in this new, unmediated form of politics. In the first book-length treatment of the phenomenon of technopopulism, we combine theoretical and historical approaches, offering a systematic definition of the concept of technopopulism, while also exploring a number of salient contemporary examples. This book provides a detailed account of the emergence of this new political logic, as well as a discussion of its troubling consequences for existing democratic regimes. It ends by considering some possible remedies that go beyond the simplistic idea that in the right 'dose' populism and technocracy can counter-balance one another.

Legacies of the Left Turn in Latin America

Manuel Balán,Françoise Montambeault
Legacies of the Left Turn in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Manuel Balán,Françoise Montambeault
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780268106607

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Legacies of the Left Turn in Latin America by Manuel Balán,Françoise Montambeault Pdf

Legacies of the Left Turn in Latin America: The Promise of Inclusive Citizenship contains original essays by a diverse group of leading and emerging scholars from North America, Europe, and Latin America. The book speaks to wide-ranging debates on democracy, the left, and citizenship in Latin America. What were the effects of a decade and a half of left and center-left governments? The central purpose of this book is to evaluate both the positive and negative effects of the Left turn on state-society relations and inclusion. Promises of social inclusion and the expansion of citizenship rights were paramount to the center-left discourses upon the factions' arrival to power in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This book is a first step in understanding to what extent these initial promises were or were not fulfilled, and why. In analyzing these issues, the authors demonstrate that these years yield both signs of progress in some areas and the deepening of historical problems in others. The contributors to this book reveal variation among and within countries, and across policy and issue areas such as democratic institution reforms, human rights, minorities’ rights, environmental questions, and violence. This focus on issues rather than countries distinguishes the book from other recent volumes on the left in Latin America, and the book will speak to a broad and multi-dimensional audience, both inside and outside the academic world. Contributors: Manuel Balán, Françoise Montambeault, Philip Oxhorn, Maxwell A. Cameron, Kenneth M. Roberts, Nathalia Sandoval-Rojas, Daniel M. Brinks, Benjamin Goldfrank, Roberta Rice, Elizabeth Jelin, Celina Van Dembroucke, Nora Nagels, Merike Blofield, Jordi Díez, Eve Bratman, Gabriel Kessler, Olivier Dabène, Jared Abbott, Steve Levitsky

The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization

Aurel Croissant,Luca Tomini
The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization Book PDF

Author : Aurel Croissant,Luca Tomini
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-05-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781040040188

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The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization by Aurel Croissant,Luca Tomini Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization comprehensively and systematically explores the current understanding, and unchartered research paths, of autocratization. With wide-reaching regional coverage and expert analysis from Asia, North and South America, Europa, the Middle East, and North Africa, this handbook reveals cross-country, and cross-regional, analysis and insights and presents in-depth explanations and consequences of autocratization. Arranged in five thematic parts, chapters explore the basic aspects of conceptualization, theorization, and measurement of autocratization; the role of various political and non-political actors as perpetrators, supporters, bystanders, or defenders of democracy against autocratization processes; and the consequences across various policy fields. Showcasing cutting-edge research developments, the handbook illustrates the deeply complex nature of the field, examining important topics in need of renewed consideration at a time of growing concerns for democracy and the global spread of authoritarian challenges to democracy. The Routledge Handbook of Autocratization will be a key reference for those interested in, and studying authoritarianism, democratization, human rights, governance, democracy and more broadly comparative politics, and regional/area studies. Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.