Associative Learning And Conditioning Theory

Author : Todd R Schachtman, PhD,Steve S Reilly
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 588 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-06-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199735969

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Associative Learning and Conditioning Theory by Todd R Schachtman, PhD,Steve S Reilly Pdf

Organisms survive and succeed because of their ability to learn and adapt to changing circumstances and new demands. As discussed in the chapters of the present volume, an appreciation of the mechanisms and principles of learning and conditioning is fundamental to any analysis of normal behavior as well as to an informed understanding of our well being (including examination of such issues as anxiety and fear, brain-immune system interactions, drug addiction and abuse, emotional learning, and social behavior) and mental health (for example, autism, depression, helplessness and schizophrenia). The twenty-three chapters in this volume, written by a distinguished collection of internationally renowned scholars, articulate the basic, yet sophisticated, way in which learning and conditioning processes influence our everyday behaviors, both normal and maladaptive, and help explain a variety of clinically important phenomena and disorders.

Author : Nicholas John Mackintosh
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015007013637

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Conditioning and Associative Learning by Nicholas John Mackintosh Pdf

Recent innovations in the laboratory study of conditioning and learning in animals have prompted the author to reexamine such traditional topics as classical and instrumental conditioning, reward and punishment, avoidance learning, excitatory and inhibitory conditioning and discrimination learning.

Author : Jennifer Walinga,Charles Stangor
Publisher : Hasanraza Ansari
Page : 810 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Introduction to Psychology by Jennifer Walinga,Charles Stangor Pdf

This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section.

Author : Geoffrey Hall
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1991-11-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191545627

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Perceptual and Associative Learning by Geoffrey Hall Pdf

Traditional theories of associative learning have found no place for the possibility that the way in which events are perceived might change as a result of experience. Evidence for the reality of perceptual learning has come from those studied by learning theorists. The work reviewed in this book shows that learned changes in perceptual organization can in fact be demonstrated, even in experiments using procedures (such as conditioning and simple discrimination learning) of the type on which associative theories have been based. These results come from procedures that have been the focus of detailed theoretical and empirical analysis; and from this analysis emerges an outline of the mechanisms responsible. Some of these are themselves associative; others require the addition of nonassociative mechanisms to the traditional theory. The result is an extended version of associative theory which, it is argued, will be relevant not only to the experimental procedures discussed in this book but to the entire range of instances of perceptual learning.

Author : Robin A. Murphy,Rachel M. Msetfi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9782889192908

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Individual differences in associative learning by Robin A. Murphy,Rachel M. Msetfi Pdf

Theories of associative learning have a long history in advancing the psychological account of behavior via cognitive representation. There are many components and variations of associative theory but at the core is the idea that links or connections between stimuli or responses describe important aspects of our psychological experience. This Frontiers Topic considers how variations in association formation can be used to account for differences between people, elaborating the differences between males and females, differences over the life span, understanding of psychopathologies or even across cultural contexts. A recent volume on the application of learning theory to clinical psychology is one example of this emerging application (e.g., Hazelgrove & Hogarth, 2012). The task for students of learning has been the development, often with mathematically defined explanations, of the parameters and operators that determine the formation and strengths of associations. The ultimate goal is to explain how the acquired representations influence future behavior. This approach has recently been influential in the field of neuroscience where one such learning operator, the error correction principle, has unified the understanding of the conditions which facilitate neuron activation with the computational goals of the brain with properties of learning algorithms (e.g., Rescorla & Wagner, 1972). In this Frontiers Research Topic, we are interested in a similar but currently developing aspect to learning theory, which is the application of the associative model to our understanding of individual differences, including psychopathology. In general, learning theories are monolithic, the same theory applies to the rat and the human, and within people the same algorithm is applied to all individuals. If so this might be thought to suggest that there is little that learning theory can tell us about the how males and females differ, how we change over time or why someone develops schizophrenia for instance. However, these theories have wide scope for developing our understanding of when learning occurs and when it is interfered with, along with a variety of methods of predicting these differences. We received contributions from researchers studying individual differences, including sex differences, age related changes and those using analog or clinical samples of personality and psychopathological disorders where the outcomes of the research bear directly on theories of associative learning. This Research Topic brings together researchers studying basic learning and conditioning processes but in which the basic emotional, attentional, pathological or more general physiological differences between groups of people are modeled using associative theory. This work involves varying stimulus properties and temporal relations or modeling the differences between groups.

Author : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2007-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781420008418

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Neural Plasticity and Memory by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni Pdf

A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq

Author : Todd R Schachtman PhD,Steve S Reilly PhD
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-06-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0199876134

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Associative Learning and Conditioning Theory by Todd R Schachtman PhD,Steve S Reilly PhD Pdf

Although many professionals in psychology (including the sub-disciplines of human learning and memory, clinical practice related to psychopathology, neuroscience, educational psychology and many other areas) no longer receive training in learning and conditioning, the influence of this field remains strong. Therefore, many researchers and clinicians have little knowledge about basic learning theory and its current applications beyond their own specific research topic. The primary purpose of the present volume is to highlight ways in which basic learning principles, methodology, and phenomena underpin, and indeed guide, contemporary translational research. With contributions from a distinguished collection of internationally renowned scholars, this 23-chapter volume contains specific research issues but is also broad in scope, covering a variety of topics in which associative learning and conditioning theory apply, such as drug abuse and addiction, anxiety, fear and pain research, advertising, attribution processes, acquisition of likes and dislikes, social learning, psychoneuroimmunology, and psychopathology (e.g., autism, depression, helplessness and schizophrenia). This breadth is captured in the titles of the three major sections of the book: Applications to Clinical Pathology; Applications to Health and Addiction; Applications to Cognition, Social Interaction and Motivation. The critically important phenomena and methodology of learning and conditioning continue to have a profound influence on theory and clinical concerns related to the mechanisms of memory, cognition, education, and pathology of emotional and consummatory disorders. This volume is expected to have the unique quality of serving the interests of many researchers, educators and clinicians including, for example, neuroscientists, learning and conditioning researchers, psychopharmacologists, clinical psychopathologists, and practitioners in the medical field.

Author : Chris J. Mitchell,Mike E. Le Pelley
Publisher : Oxford University Press (UK)
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199550531

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Attention and Associative Learning by Chris J. Mitchell,Mike E. Le Pelley Pdf

This book brings together leading international learning and attention researchers to provide both a comprehensive and wide-ranging overview of the current state of knowledge of this area as well as new perspectives and directions for the future.

Author : Norbert M. Seel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 3643 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-05
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781441914279

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Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by Norbert M. Seel Pdf

Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice and Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2001-10-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309187374

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Health and Behavior by Institute of Medicine,Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health,Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice and Policy Pdf

Health and Behavior reviews our improved understanding of the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social influences and explores findings suggested by recent research-including interventions at multiple levels that we can employ to improve human health. The book covers three main areas: What do biological, behavioral, and social sciences contribute to our understanding of healthâ€"including cardiovascular, immune system and brain functioning, behaviors that influence health, the role of social networks and socioeconomic status, and more. What can we learn from applied research on interventions to improve the health of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and larger populations? How can we expeditiously translate research findings into application?

Author : Andy J. Wills
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2005-01-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135609641

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New Directions in Human Associative Learning by Andy J. Wills Pdf

The editor and authors of this book present a synthesis of work on human associative learning, tracing some of its historical roots but concentrating mainly on recent developments. It is divided into three sections: an introduction to the recent data and controversies in the study of human associative learning; recent developments in the formal theories of how associative learning occurs; and applied work on human associative learning, particularly its application to depression and to the development of preferences. The book is designed to be accessible to undergraduates, providing a clear illustration of how principles most commonly introduced in animal cognition courses are relevant to the contemporary study of human cognition.

Author : Hank Davis,Harry M. B. Hurwitz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000363876

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Operant-Pavlovian Interactions by Hank Davis,Harry M. B. Hurwitz Pdf

The first important distinction between operant and Pavlovian conditioning was made in 1928 by Polish scientists Konorski and Miller. Unaware of their work, Skinner proposed a similar analysis in 1935 of the manner in which operant and Pavlovian conditioning might differ and interact. Konorski and Miller responded to Skinner’s statement, and by 1937 the now-classic debate over "two types of conditioned reflexes" was in high gear. In the years before publication, the attention of many learning theorists had returned to the fundamental question of whether there are identifiably different forms of learning. The present volume, originally published in 1977, contains chapters that reassess our basic learning paradigms of the time. They deal with the definitional problems of isolating operant and Pavlovian conditioning, as well as the attempt to analyze the inevitable interactions that follow. These issues are examined in a variety of settings: some authors deal with operant-Pavlovian interactions directly by devising procedures to generate them; others examine operant-Pavlovian interactions by examining their possible contribution to established conditioning paradigms.

Author : Robert A. Rescorla
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317666288

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Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning (Psychology Revivals) by Robert A. Rescorla Pdf

Originally published in 1980, this volume explores some of the dramatic and exciting changes that had taken place in the field of conditioning in the 15 years prior to publication. The usefulness of a particular learning procedure, second-order conditioning, is explored in three aspects of the learning process: (1) the measurement of learning; (2) the circumstances that produce associative learning; and (3) the content of that learning. The usefulness of this new paradigm is documented with the results of experiments that had grown out of the author’s programmatic work at the time. Completely new results were published for the first time, in an attempt to demonstrate the power of this particular learning procedure in elucidating fundamental questions about the nature of learning.

Author : Nicholas John Mackintosh
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Classical conditioning
ISBN : OCLC:1148630038

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Conditioning and Associative Learning by Nicholas John Mackintosh Pdf

Author : John W. Moore
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-05
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781441985583

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A Neuroscientist’s Guide to Classical Conditioning by John W. Moore Pdf

Classical conditioning (CC) refers to the general paradigm for scientific studies of learning and memory, as initiated by Pavlov and his followers. Despite the current high level of interest in CC within neuroscience there is presently no single source that provides up-to-date comprehensive coverage of core topics. CC is a very large field. Nevertheless, some organisms and behaviors have dominated the neuroscience scene. Foremost of these are classical eyeblink conditioning (rats, cats, rabbits, and humans) and ear'conditioning. This handbook of CC focuses on these systems. It will be particularly appealing to the growing amount of scientists and medical specialists who employ CC methods.'