Astronomy With Radioactivities

Author : Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642126987

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Astronomy with Radioactivities by Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos Pdf

This book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics, i.e. the acquisition and reading of measurements on unstable isotopes in different parts of the universe. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed. More specifically, the authors address stars of different types, stellar explosions which terminate stellar evolutions, and other explosions triggered by mass transfers and instabilities in binary stars. They also address nuclear reactions and transport processes in interstellar space, in the contexts of cosmic rays and of chemical evolution. A special chapter is dedicated to the solar system which even provides material samples. The book also contains a description of key tools which astrophysicists employ in those particular studies and a glossary of key terms in astronomy with radioactivities.

Author : Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319919294

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Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes by Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos Pdf

Dealing with astrophysics derived from the radiation emitted by radioactive atomic nuclei, this book describes the different methods used to measure cosmic radio-isotopes. It demonstrates how this astronomical window has contributed to the understanding of the sources and the chemical evolution of cosmic gas. Reference materials and explanations are included for students in advanced stages of their education. Nuclear reactions in different sites across the universe lead to the production of stable and unstable nuclei. Their abundances can be measured through different methods, allowing to study the various nuclear processes taking place in cosmic environments. Nucleosynthesis is the cosmic formation of new nuclear species, starting from hydrogen and helium resulting from the big bang origins. Stars create and eject synthesized nuclei during their evolution and explosions. Incorporation of the new interstellar composition into next-generation stars characterises the compositional (chemical) evolution of cosmic gas in and between galaxies. Radioactive species have unique messages about how this occurs. Since the first Edition of this book published in 2011 with the title Astronomy with Radioactivities, long-awaited new direct observations of supernova radioactivity have been made and are now addressed in two updated chapters dealing with supernovae. In this second Edition, the advances of recent years beyond one-dimensional treatments of stellar structure and stellar explosions towards 3-dimensional models have been included, and led to significant re-writings in Chapters 3-5. The sections on the Solar System origins have been re-written to account for new insights into the evolution of giant molecular clouds. The chapter on diffuse radioactivities now also includes material measurements of radioactivities in the current solar system, and their interpretations for recent nucleosynthesis activity in our Galaxy. Significant new results on gamma-rays from positron annihilations have been accounted for in that chapter, and led to new links with nucleosynthesis sources as well as interstellar transport processes. A new chapter now provides a description of interstellar processes often called 'chemical evolution', thus linking the creation of new nuclei to their abundance observations in gas and stars. The experimental / instrumental chapters on nuclear reaction measurements, on gamma-ray telescopes, and pre-solar grain laboratories have been updated. Moreover, new windows of astronomy that have been opened up in recent years have been included in the discussions of the multi-messenger approach that broadens the basis for astrophysical insights.

Author : Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : SCIENCE
ISBN : 331991930X

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Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes by Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos Pdf

Dealing with astrophysics derived from the radiation emitted by radioactive atomic nuclei, this book describes the different methods used to measure cosmic radio-isotopes. It demonstrates how this astronomical window has contributed to the understanding of the sources and the chemical evolution of cosmic gas. Reference materials and explanations are included for students in advanced stages of their education. Nuclear reactions in different sites across the universe lead to the production of stable and unstable nuclei. Their abundances can be measured through different methods, allowing to study the various nuclear processes taking place in cosmic environments. Nucleosynthesis is the cosmic formation of new nuclear species, starting from hydrogen and helium resulting from the big bang origins. Stars create and eject synthesized nuclei during their evolution and explosions. Incorporation of the new interstellar composition into next-generation stars characterises the compositional (chemical) evolution of cosmic gas in and between galaxies. Radioactive species have unique messages about how this occurs. Since the first Edition of this book published in 2011 with the title Astronomy with Radioactivities, long-awaited new direct observations of supernova radioactivity have been made and are now addressed in two updated chapters dealing with supernovae. In this second Edition, the advances of recent years beyond one-dimensional treatments of stellar structure and stellar explosions towards 3-dimensional models have been included, and led to significant re-writings in Chapters 3-5. The sections on the Solar System origins have been re-written to account for new insights into the evolution of giant molecular clouds. The chapter on diffuse radioactivities now also includes material measurements of radioactivities in the current solar system, and their interpretations for recent nucleosynthesis activity in our Galaxy. Significant new results on gamma-rays from positron annihilations have been accounted for in that chapter, and led to new links with nucleosynthesis sources as well as interstellar transport processes. A new chapter now provides a description of interstellar processes often called 'chemical evolution', thus linking the creation of new nuclei to their abundance observations in gas and stars. The experimental / instrumental chapters on nuclear reaction measurements, on gamma-ray telescopes, and pre-solar grain laboratories have been updated. Moreover, new windows of astronomy that have been opened up in recent years have been included in the discussions of the multi-messenger approach that broadens the basis for astrophysical insights.

Author : Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642126970

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Astronomy with Radioactivities by Roland Diehl,Dieter H. Hartmann,Nikos Prantzos Pdf

This book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics, i.e. the acquisition and reading of measurements on unstable isotopes in different parts of the universe. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed. More specifically, the authors address stars of different types, stellar explosions which terminate stellar evolutions, and other explosions triggered by mass transfers and instabilities in binary stars. They also address nuclear reactions and transport processes in interstellar space, in the contexts of cosmic rays and of chemical evolution. A special chapter is dedicated to the solar system which even provides material samples. The book also contains a description of key tools which astrophysicists employ in those particular studies and a glossary of key terms in astronomy with radioactivities.

Author : Harold Spencer Jones
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483226804

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Nuclear Radiation by Harold Spencer Jones Pdf

Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Part I: Nuclear Radiation: Techniques for Radioactivity Measurements covers the techniques for radioactivity measurement, observations of aurora and airglow, and instructions for the longitude and altitude program. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters. The first part presents the techniques for radioactivity measurements. The second part describes the geographical distribution, visual observations, and photographic and photometric evaluations of aurora and airglow. The third part provides instructions for operation of the moon-position camera, including camera settings and operation, field plotting, and star marking. This part also presents additional instructions for PZT use in the longitude and latitude program. This book will prove useful to geophysicists and researchers in the allied fields.

Author : Brigitte Falkenburg,Wolfgang Rhode
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400754225

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From Ultra Rays to Astroparticles by Brigitte Falkenburg,Wolfgang Rhode Pdf

The scope of the book is to give an overview of the history of astroparticle physics, starting with the discovery of cosmic rays (Victor Hess, 1912) and its background (X-ray, radioactivity). The book focusses on the ways in which physics changes in the course of this history. The following changes run parallel, overlap, and/or interact: - Discovery of effects like X-rays, radioactivity, cosmic rays, new particles but also progress through non-discoveries (monopoles) etc. - The change of the description of nature in physics, as consequence of new theoretical questions at the beginning of the 20th century, giving rise to quantum physics, relativity, etc. - The change of experimental methods, cooperations, disciplinary divisions. With regard to the latter change, a main topic of the book is to make the specific multi-diciplinary features of astroparticle physics clear.

Author : Roland Diehl
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Cosmic rays
ISBN : OCLC:247336103

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Astronomy with Radioactivities by Roland Diehl Pdf

Author : Jean-Louis Basdevant,James Rich,Michael Spiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387250953

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Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics by Jean-Louis Basdevant,James Rich,Michael Spiro Pdf

Covers all the phenomenological and experimental data on nuclear physics and demonstrates the latest experimental developments that can be obtained. Introduces modern theories of fundamental processes, in particular the electroweak standard model, without using the sophisticated underlying quantum field theoretical tools. Incorporates all major present applications of nuclear physics at a level that is both understandable by a majority of physicists and scientists of many other fields, and usefull as a first introduction for students who intend to pursue in the domain.

Author : Michael F. L'Annunziata
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 934 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444634962

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Radioactivity by Michael F. L'Annunziata Pdf

A recipient of the PROSE 2017 Honorable Mention in Chemistry & Physics, Radioactivity: Introduction and History, From the Quantum to Quarks, Second Edition provides a greatly expanded overview of radioactivity from natural and artificial sources on earth, radiation of cosmic origins, and an introduction to the atom and its nucleus. The book also includes historical accounts of the lives, works, and major achievements of many famous pioneers and Nobel Laureates from 1895 to the present. These leaders in the field have contributed to our knowledge of the science of the atom, its nucleus, nuclear decay, and subatomic particles that are part of our current knowledge of the structure of matter, including the role of quarks, leptons, and the bosons (force carriers). Users will find a completely revised and greatly expanded text that includes all new material that further describes the significant historical events on the topic dating from the 1950s to the present. Provides a detailed account of nuclear radiation – its origin and properties, the atom, its nucleus, and subatomic particles including quarks, leptons, and force carriers (bosons) Includes fascinating biographies of the pioneers in the field, including captivating anecdotes and insights Presents meticulous accounts of experiments and calculations used by pioneers to confirm their findings

Author : M.M. Shapiro,Todor Stanev,John P. Wefel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401005609

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Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation by M.M. Shapiro,Todor Stanev,John P. Wefel Pdf

A wide range of topics are covered, ranging from supernovae to active galactic nuclei, cosmic gamma rays to neutrinos and dark matter. The basic emphasis is on physics / astrophysics and experimental / observational techniques, scientific implications of current results, and prospects for future advances. The fields surveyed are in rapid development and the exploration of our high energy universe is proceeding rapidly, with exciting new discoveries. What unifies much of the new data is the idea of particle acceleration to enormous energies and the subsequent interactions of the particles with the local medium. It this focus that makes the book both timely and an important contribution to the field.

Author : K. Sitte
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642460791

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Kosmische Strahlung II / Cosmic Rays II by K. Sitte Pdf

Author : Todor Stanev
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540851486

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High Energy Cosmic Rays by Todor Stanev Pdf

Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models

Author : Vlado Valkovic
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 810 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444642134

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Radioactivity in the Environment by Vlado Valkovic Pdf

Radioactivity in the Environment, Second Edition, presents the facts on the presence of both natural and manmade radionuclides in the environment. Sources of ionizing radiation that can lead to human exposure are discussed, including natural sources, nuclear explosions, nuclear power generation, the use of radiation in medical, industrial and research purposes, and radiation-emitting consumer products. In this thoroughly updated edition, users will find new sections on developments in radioactive nuclides in nature and technologically modified exposure to natural radiation, new threats by terrorist individuals, groups and countries, changes to the status of nuclear power in the world, and more. Additional new sections cover radioisotopes in geo-prospecting and the oil industry, the use of radiation in environmental protection, detector types and detectors used for personal dosimetry, the "Dirty Bomb", the Fukushima accident, and North Korea testing sites and nuclear capabilities. Includes details of analytical laboratory procedures for radioactivity measurement in different samples Features a new chapter on decontamination after radiation exposure Expands the discussion on nuclear fusion to cover ITER and other installations

Author : Gerhart Lowenthal,Peter Airey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2001-08-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139427173

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Practical Applications of Radioactivity and Nuclear Radiations by Gerhart Lowenthal,Peter Airey Pdf

This book is aimed at scientists and engineers wanting to use radioisotopes and the emitted ionising radiations competently but without seeking expertise. It describes decay and stability criteria, necessary precautions to ensure radiation protection and the detection of alpha, beta and gamma rays including spectrometry. There are comments on calorimetry, liquid scintillation counting, how to use secondary standard instruments, high resolution detectors and how to calculate counting results estimating uncertainties and allowing for the statistics of radionuclide decays. The book's principal purpose is to encourage radionuclide applications which can be done safely, reliably and accurately. It describes industrial and scientific applications of alpha, beta, and gamma rays, neutrons and high energy radiations. This book will be of particular interest to scientists and technologists, teachers and students, helping them to work with radioisotopes safely, efficiently and reliably.

Author : James Jeans
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521744706

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Astronomy and Cosmogony by James Jeans Pdf

This second edition, originally published in 1929, is an extensive survey at the forefront of cosmology and astronomy with particular reference to the physical state of matter, the structure, composition and life-cycle of stars, and the superstructures of nebulae and galaxies. Intended as a rigourously argued scientific treatise, every effort was made by Jeans to render the results of far-reaching advancements in cosmology intelligible to a broad range of readers.