Astrophysical Sources Of High Energy Particles And Radiation
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Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation by M.M. Shapiro,Todor Stanev,John P. Wefel Pdf
A wide range of topics are covered, ranging from supernovae to active galactic nuclei, cosmic gamma rays to neutrinos and dark matter. The basic emphasis is on physics / astrophysics and experimental / observational techniques, scientific implications of current results, and prospects for future advances. The fields surveyed are in rapid development and the exploration of our high energy universe is proceeding rapidly, with exciting new discoveries. What unifies much of the new data is the idea of particle acceleration to enormous energies and the subsequent interactions of the particles with the local medium. It this focus that makes the book both timely and an important contribution to the field.
High Energy Radiation from Black Holes by Charles D. Dermer,Govind Menon Pdf
Bright gamma-ray flares observed from sources far beyond our Milky Way Galaxy are best explained if enormous amounts of energy are liberated by black holes. The highest- energy particles in nature--the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays--cannot be confined by the Milky Way's magnetic field, and must originate from sources outside our Galaxy. Understanding these energetic radiations requires an extensive theoretical framework involving the radiation physics and strong-field gravity of black holes. In High Energy Radiation from Black Holes, Charles Dermer and Govind Menon present a systematic exposition of black-hole astrophysics and general relativity in order to understand how gamma rays, cosmic rays, and neutrinos are produced by black holes. Beginning with Einstein's special and general theories of relativity, the authors give a detailed mathematical description of fundamental astrophysical radiation processes, including Compton scattering of electrons and photons, synchrotron radiation of particles in magnetic fields, photohadronic interactions of cosmic rays with photons, gamma-ray attenuation, Fermi acceleration, and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism for energy extraction from rotating black holes. The book provides a basis for graduate students and researchers in the field to interpret the latest results from high-energy observatories, and helps resolve whether energy released by rotating black holes powers the highest-energy radiations in nature. The wide range of detail will make High Energy Radiation from Black Holes a standard reference for black-hole research.
High Energy Astrophysics by Malcolm S. Longair Pdf
Providing students with an in-depth account of the astrophysics of high energy phenomena in the Universe, the third edition of this well-established textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in high energy astrophysics. Building on the concepts and techniques taught in standard undergraduate courses, this textbook provides the astronomical and astrophysical background for students to explore more advanced topics. Special emphasis is given to the underlying physical principles of high energy astrophysics, helping students understand the essential physics. The third edition has been completely rewritten, consolidating the previous editions into one volume. It covers the most recent discoveries in areas such as gamma-ray bursts, ultra-high energy cosmic rays and ultra-high energy gamma rays. The topics have been rearranged and streamlined to make them more applicable to a wide range of different astrophysical problems.
Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation by Felix A. Aharonian Pdf
Gamma ray astronomy, the branch of high energy astrophysics that studies the sky in energetic ?-ray photons, is destined to play a crucial role in the exploration of nonthermal phenomena in the Universe in their most extreme and violent forms. The great potential of this discipline offers impressive coverage of many OC hot topicsOCO of modern astrophysics and cosmology, such as the origin of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, particle acceleration and radiation processes under extreme astrophysical conditions, and the search for dark matter."
High Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos by Debanjan Bose,Subhendu Rakshit Pdf
This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the likely sources of these neutrinos, their propagation and detection mechanisms. Detection of high energy neutrinos of extragalactic origin has led to an interdisciplinary field of research, involving astronomy, astrophysics and particle physics. An extensive review of various detectors and the observations is provided that consolidates the latest findings. Above a few tens of TeVs, neutrinos are conceived as more reliable messengers for astronomy than photons as these photons get absorbed in the background photon field. Determining the neutrino spectrum not only helps in exploring astrophysical objects like AGN, GRB, etc. but also allows us to study particle physics at unprecedented energies. This introductory book is intended to help advanced undergraduate and graduate students to get into the subject with ease, and it simultaneously caters to practicing theoretical or experimental physicists as a reference book.
Foundations of High-Energy Astrophysics by Mario Vietri Pdf
Written by one of today’s most highly respected astrophysicists, Foundations of High-Energy Astrophysics is an introduction to the mathematical and physical techniques used in the study of high-energy astrophysics. Here, Mario Vietri approaches the basics of high-energy astrophysics with an emphasis on underlying physical processes as opposed to a more mathematical approach. Alongside more traditional topics, Vietri presents new subjects increasingly considered crucial to understanding high-energy astrophysical sources, including the electrodynamics of cosmic sources, new developments in the theory of standard accretion disks, and the physics of coronae, thick disks, and accretion onto magnetized objects. The most thorough and engaging survey of high-energy astrophysics available today, Foundations of High-Energy Astrophysics introduces the main physical processes relevant to the field in a rigorous yet accessible way, while paying careful attention to observational issues. Vietri’s book will quickly become a classic text for students and active researchers in astronomy and astrophysics. Those in adjoining fields will also find it a valuable addition to their personal libraries.
In 1992 the fastest object known to mankind hit the Earth's atmosphere at a speed within a billion-trillionth of one percent of the speed of light, carrying an energy far above that of the most powerful particle accelerator ever built. That object was a cosmic ray. "Cosmic Bullets" tells the incredible story of the discovery and study of these messengers from space.
Astrophysics at Ultra-High Energies by Maurice Mandel Shapiro,Todor Stanev,J. P. Wefel Pdf
This book introduces young researchers to the exciting field of ultra-high energy astrophysics including charged particles, gamma rays and neutrinos. At ultra-high energy the radiation is produced by interactions of cosmic ray particles accelerated in explosive events such as supernovae or hypernovae, black holes or, possibly, the big bang. Through direct contact with senior scientists, now actively planning the next generation of experiments/models, the excitement and motivation for research at ultra-high energy was conveyed. The underpinning of these fields is a synthesis of knowledge and techniques from nuclear and particle physics, astronomy and cosmology. Informing the participants of this background, how it was derived, and the new challenges for the future are the major goal. Further, the course has helped to foster new astrophysical research and promoted contacts, which have resulted in new collaborations. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Gamma-Ray Burst: Discoveries With Swift (352 KB). Contents: Powerful Astrophysical Sources: Gamma Ray Bursts: Discoveries with Swift (A Wells); Gamma Ray Burst Phenomenology in the Swift Era (P M(r)sziros); The Nature of Dark Matter (P L Biermann & F Munyaneza); Cosmic Rays: Particle Acceleration and Propagation in the Galaxy (V S Ptuskin); GRB as Sources of Ultra-High Energy Particles (P M(r)sziros); The KASCADE-Grande Experiment (F Cossavela et al.); Gamma Ray and Neutrino Astronomy: Study of Galactic Gamma Ray Sources with Milagro (J Goodman); The GLAST Mission and Observability of Supernovae Remnants (O Tibolla); First Results from AMANDA using TWR System (A Silvestri); and other papers. Readership: Academics in astrophysics, high energy, cosmology and earth science."
Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy by T.C. Weekes Pdf
High energy gamma-ray photons are the prime probes of the relativistic or high-energy universe, populated by black holes, neutron stars, supernovae, quasars, and matter-antimatter annihilations. Through studying the gamma-ray sky, astrophysicists are able to better understand the formation and behavior of these exotic and energetic bodies. Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy summarizes the status of gamma-ray astronomy at energies between 30MeV and 50TeV at a critical point in the development of the discipline: the hiatus between the demise of the EGRET telescope and the launch of the next generation of space telescopes. Starting with an overview of the astrophysics of the bodies that generate high energy gamma rays, it proceeds to discuss the latest developments in observational techniques and equipment. By presenting the techniques, observations, and theories of this expanding frontier, Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy aids experimentalists and theoreticians in detecting and explaining gamma rays of the highest energies.
High-Energy Particles and Quanta in Astrophysics by Carl E. Fichtel Pdf
For many centuries the study of astronomy was restricted largely to the equilibrium effects associated with Newtonian gravitation and thermal electromagnetic radiation in the visible band. But there is more to astronomy than meets the eye, more in the heavens than was dreamed of in the older cosmologies. High energy astrophysics represents a new era and area of astronomy concerned with a wide range of phenomena that are invisible to the human eye. It deals with the observation and interpretation of charged cosmic rays and electromagnetic cosmic radiation in the gamma ray, x-ray, and radio bands. It encompasses the suprathermal equilibrium phenomena, such as the flux of cosmic rays, that are an important everyday aspect of astronomical space; the problems of quasi-equilibrium, including galactic dynamics, the interstellar gas, and star formation; and the domain of nonequilibrium phenomena, sometimes explosive, such as stellar explosions and solar flares. It ranges from the sun through the galactic and extragalactic and local supergalactic to the metagalaxy. And most of what is presently known about these phenomena and these regions is reviewed within the covers of this book. The editors of this volume, and their fellow authors, are associated with the Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and have aided in the design of NASA's rich experimental program in these areas, which includes an ongoing data-collection effort via balloon, rocket, and satellite, soon to be joined by a series of High Energy Astrophysical Observatories, which are the largest unmanned research satellites now under development. The topics treated in the ten chapters are galactic cosmic ray observations, the origin and interstellar propagation of cosmic rays, the interstellar propagation of nuclei and source composition, cosmic electrons, solar modulation and the earth's field, solar particles, radio astronomy, discrete x-ray sources, the cosmic x-ray background, and gamma ray astronomy.
Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy by K.E. Turver Pdf
An Advanced Research Workshop on Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy and Related Topics was held at Durham, England during August 11-15 1986. The meeting was sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and the University of Durham. It is four years since the first Workshop dedicated to High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy was held at Ootacamund, India. At that meeting the developments in Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy over a period of more than 20 years were reported and the methodology, limitations, improvements and prospects for further progess were discussed. The possible requirement for a follow-up meeting was clear if the optimistic future foreseen for the field at the Ooty meeting was correct. The Durham meeting was suggested to fill this role. Although the arrangements for the Durham meeting were discussed as long ago as 1983 with possible dates in 1984 or 1986, the eventual date in 1986 has proved admirable and has coincided with a time when further advances have been reported. An important feature of the proposal for the Durham meeting was the emphasis on a series of Workshop sessions, the conclusions of each to be summarized by a Rapporteur. The purpose of these sessions was to provide a consensus view of many of the important areas in the field at a time of increasing interest by the rest of the astrophysics community.
Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics by Thomas K. Gaisser Pdf
Over recent years there has been marked growth in interest in the study of techniques of cosmic ray physics by astrophysicists and particle physicists. Cosmic radiation is important for the astrophysicist because in the farther reaches of the universe. For particle physicists, it provides the opportunity to study neutrinos and very high energy particles of galactic origin. More importantly, cosmic rays constitue the background, and in some cases possibly the signal, for the more exotic unconfirmed hypothesized particles such as monopoles and sparticles. Concentrating on the highest energy cosmic rays, this book describes where they originate, acquire energy, and interact, in accreting neutron stars, supernova remnants, in large-scale shock waves. It also describes their interactions in the atmosphere and in the earth, how they are studied in surface and very large underground detectors, and what they tell us.
Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation by Tomasz Bulik,Bronisław Rudak,Grzegorz Madejski Pdf
The main purpose of this conference was to present an overview of the current state of research in the area of high energy astrophysics. In particular, the mechanisms of particle acceleration, generation of high energy radiation, and polarization properties of such emission were discussed. A broad range of compact and diffuse sources, ranging from stellar to extragalactic objects are covered.
Cosmic Gamma-Ray Sources by K.S. Cheng,Gustavo E. Romero Pdf
Gamma-ray astronomy has undergone an enormous progress in the last 15 years. The success of satellite experiments like NASA's Comp ton Gamma-Ray Observatory and ESA's INTEGRAL mission, as well as of ground-based instruments have open new views into the high-energy Universe. Different classes of cosmic gamma-ray sources have been now detected at different energies, in addition to young radio pulsars and gamma-ray bursts, the classical ones. The new sources include radio quiet pulsars, microquasars, supernova remnants, starburst galaxies, ra dio galaxies, flat-spectrum radio quasars, and BL Lacertae objects. A large number of unidentified sources strongly suggests that this brief enumeration is far from complete. Gamma-ray bursts are now estab lished as extragalactic sources with tremendous energy output. There is accumulating evidence supporting the idea that massive stars and star forming regions can accelerate charged particles up to relativistic ener gies making them gamma-ray sources. Gamma-ray astronomy has also proved to be a powerful tool for cosmology imposing constraints to the background photon fields that can absorb the gamma-ray flux from dis tant sources. All this has profound implications for our current ideas about how particles are accelerated and transported in both the local and distant U niverse. The evolution of our knowledge on the gamma-ray sky has been so fast that is not easy for the non-specialist scientist and the graduate student to be aware of the full potential of this field or to grasp the fundamentals of a given topic in order to attempt some original contribution.
