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Austrians and Jews in the Twentieth Century by Robert S. Wistrich Pdf
The relationship between Austrians and Jews in the twentieth-century has been tragic. In the age of Franz Joseph, Jews achieved a degree of security, although their position was already being undermined by antisemitism, ethnic conflicts and nationalism. This book examines the relationship between Austrians and Jews which culminated in the 1938 Anschluss and the Holocaust. It also shows how antisemitism survived the War and how the ground was prepared for the international isolation of Austria during the Waldheim Affair.
Assessing the impact of fin-de-siècle Jewish culture on subsequent developments in literature and culture, this book is the first to consider the historical trajectory of Austrian-Jewish writing across the 20th century. It examines how Vienna, the city that stood at the center of Jewish life in the Austrian Empire and later the Austrian nation, assumed a special significance in the imaginations of Jewish writers as a space and an idea. The author focuses on the special relationship between Austrian-Jewish writers and the city to reveal a century-long pattern of living in tension with the city, experiencing simultaneously acceptance and exclusion, feeling “unheimlich heimisch” (eerily at home) in Vienna.
Book contains extracts from memoirs, essays on the contributions of Jews to Austrian civilization and on the rise of political antisemitism in Austria.
Viennese popular culture at the turn of the twentieth century was the product of the city’s Jewish and non-Jewish residents alike. While these two communities interacted in a variety of ways to their mutual benefit, Jewish culture was also inevitably shaped by the city’s persistent bouts of antisemitism. This fascinating study explores how Jewish artists, performers, and impresarios reacted to prejudice, showing how they articulated identity through performative engagement rather than anchoring it in origin and descent. In this way, they attempted to transcend a racialized identity even as they indelibly inscribed their Jewish existence into the cultural history of the era.
Author : Peter G. J. Pulzer Publisher : Harvard University Press Page : 388 pages File Size : 47,5 Mb Release : 1988 Category : History ISBN : 0674771664
The Rise of Political Anti-semitism in Germany & Austria by Peter G. J. Pulzer Pdf
To understand the 20th century, we must know the 19th. It was then that an ancient prejudice was forged into a modern political weapon. How and why this happened is shown in this classic study by Peter Pulzer, first published in 1964 and now reprinted with a new Introduction by the author.
Austria in the Twentieth Century by Gino Germani Pdf
These fourteen essays by leading Austrian historians and political scientists serve as a basic introduction to a small but sometimes trend-setting European country. They provide a basic up-to-date outline of Austria's political history, shedding light on economic and social trends as well. No European country has experienced more dramatic turning points in its twentieth-century history than Austria. This volume divides the century into three periods. The five essays of Section I deal with the years 1900-1938. Under the relative tranquility of the late Habsburg monarchy seethed a witch's brew of social and political trends, signaling the advent of modernity and leading to the outbreak of World War I and eventually to the collapse of the Habsburg Empire. The First Austrian Republic was one of the succession states that tried to build a nation against the backdrop of political and economic crisis and simmering civil war between the various political camps. Democracy collapsed in 1933 and an authoritarian regime attempted to prevail against pressures from Nazi Germany and Nazis at home. The two essays in Section II cover World War II (1938-1945). In 1938, Hitler's "Third Reich" annexed Austria and the population was pulled into the cauldron of World War II, fighting and collaborating with the Nazis, and also resisting and fleeing them. The seven essays of Section III concentrate on the Second Republic (1945 to the present). After ten years of four-power Allied occupation, Austria regained her sovereignty with the Austrian State Treaty of 1955. The price paid was neutrality. Unlike the turmoil of the prewar years, Austria became a "normal" nation with a functioning democracy, one building toward economic prosperity. After the collapse of the "iron curtain" in 1989, Austria turned westward, joining the European Union in 1995. Most recently, with the advent of populist politics, Austria's political system has experienced a sea of change departing from its political economy of a huge state-owned sector and social partnership as well as Proporz. This informed and insightful volume will serve as a textbook in courses on Austrian, German and European history, as well as in comparative European politics.
Austria and America: 20th-Century Cross-Cultural Encounters by Joshua Parker,Ralph J. Poole Pdf
Through literature, film, diplomatic relations, and academic exchanges, this volume examines key historical points in Austrian-American relations of the past century, pondering the roots of how and why "austrianness" was adapted to American culture, and how America's cultural lens focused on the two countries' exchanges. From Freud's early reception, to FDR's policy toward Austrian refugees in the Pacific, and from film adaptations to film-writing, literature and Freudianism during the McCarthy era, it reviews encounters between Austria and the United States, between Austrians and Americans, between each's images of the other, and the lives of those caught in between. (Series: American Studies in Austria, Vol. 15) [Subject: Politics, American Studies, Austrian Studies, Sociology]
The Jews of Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph by Robert S. Wistrich Pdf
This book depicts and evaluates the 'golden age' of Viennese Jewry which coincided with the long reign of the Emperor Franz Joseph between 1848 and 1916. Based on research into the demographic socio-economic, cultural and political factors that favoured the ascent of Viennese Jewry and also the anti-Semitic movements which accompanied its rise, the author reconstructs the place of the Jews in the Empire and provides new insights into the ideological conflicts that have marked the 20th century. The author describes the liberal-Jewish symbiosis, the impact of the nationality struggles in the Empire and its repercussions on Jewish group identity. He examines the genesis of Zionism, Autonomism, Austro-Marxism, and psychoanalysis as 'Jewish' strategies and responses to the dilemmas of modernization. The book explains the religious and political structure and orientation of the official Jewish community and analyzes the problems of identity that affected the Jewish intelligentsia and helped make Vienna the scene of one of the most seminal intellectual revolutions in history.
Author : Bruce F. Pauley Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press Page : 462 pages File Size : 53,5 Mb Release : 1998-03-01 Category : History ISBN : 0807847135
From Prejudice to Persecution by Bruce F. Pauley Pdf
According to Simon Wiesenthal, nearly half of the crimes associated with the Holocaust were committed by Austrians, who comprised just 8.5 percent of the population of Hitler's Greater German Reich. Bruce Pauley's book explains this phenomenon by providin
The Jews in the Twentieth Century by Martin Gilbert Pdf
What an extraordinary chronicle of upheaval, sorrow, and achievement is the story of the Jews in the twentieth century--and who better to narrate it than the renowned British historian Sir Martin Gilbert, whose lifework has been the study of the events and personages of our time. In this richly illustrated volume he vividly describes the individuals, the historic movements, the watershed moments, and the horrific years that so profoundly changed the world and the Jewish people. In a text interwoven with and illuminated by more than 400 fascinating photographs, many of them never before published or long forgotten, we meet the widely dispersed turn-of-the-century Jewish communities of Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Then we encounter, with startling immediacy, the impassioned Zionists who set out to reclaim Palestine and the immigrant waves that poured out of Eastern Europe in search of a better life in America--among them, the brilliantly creative writers, composers, actors, and comedians who enthralled millions; and the scientists, judges, legislators, entrepreneurs, and intellectuals whose numbers can hardly be counted but whose thoughts and deeds shaped the modern world. There is tragedy in this history: the twentieth century saw many dark years during which the Jewish people suffered pogroms, persecution, and mass murder. But the century also saw the renewal and flourishing of the Jewish community, in America, in Israel, and throughout the Diaspora. The observant, the secular, the people gathered from the ends of the earth--all figure in the vivid portrait of the Jews at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Sir Martin relates this astonishing and deeplymoving story with the erudition and empathy that have always distinguished his writing, and with a masterful eye for the key point, the telling anecdote, the human detail that makes history come alive. While our memories are still fresh, he has fixed them indelibly in a volume that will be treasured, pored over, and passed down as the rich and definitive record of Jewish life in the twentieth century.
Jewish Life by Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch Pdf
This work, originally published in Mannheim in 1891, is a collection of twenty-six stories illustrating various aspect of Jewish life and culture in Europe prior to the twentieth century. Each story takes place in a different country, ranging from England to Turkey, and develops an isolated topic or theme from Jewish life, such as its holidays, cabalism, the Chasidic movement, fanaticism, secularism, etc., in a sometimes humorous, sometimes dramatic, and often sentimental fashion. While the endings are always happy, the level of historic realism in the stories is high. Jewish Life offers a richly detailed portrait of Jewish customs and culture prior to the deplorably successful attempt to destroy them during the Holocaust.
Despite much study of Viennese culture and Judaism between 1890 and 1914, little research has been done to examine the role of Jewish women in this milieu. Rescuing a lost legacy, Jewish Women in Fin de Siècle Vienna explores the myriad ways in which Jewish women contributed to the development of Viennese culture and participated widely in politics and cultural spheres. Areas of exploration include the education and family lives of Viennese Jewish girls and varying degrees of involvement of Jewish women in philanthropy and prayer, university life, Zionism, psychoanalysis and medicine, literature, and culture. Incorporating general studies of Austrian women during this period, Alison Rose also presents significant findings regarding stereotypes of Jewish gender and sexuality and the politics of anti-Semitism, as well as the impact of German culture, feminist dialogues, and bourgeois self-images. As members of two minority groups, Viennese Jewish women nonetheless used their involvement in various movements to come to terms with their dual identity during this period of profound social turmoil. Breaking new ground in the study of perceptions and realities within a pivotal segment of the Viennese population, Jewish Women in Fin de Siècle Vienna applies the lens of gender in important new ways.
Jews in the Habsburg armed forces by Erwin A. Schmidl Pdf
A supplement (in German and English) to an exhibition of the same name held at the Austrian Jewish Museum in Eisenstadt, marking the 200th anniversary of the conscription of Jews, which was regarded as a preliminary move toward Jewish emancipation. The first Jewish officers were commissioned around 1810. From 1868 on, Jews were included in full compulsory conscription. They were generally treated fairly by military authorities, who were more liberal than civilian society, despite occasional cases of discrimination. An anonymous pamphlet published in 1891 by Pan-German nationalists criticized Austrian acceptance of Jewish officers in contrast to the Prussian refusal to accept them. From the beginning of the 20th century the number of Jewish officers decreased, partly as a result of rising Catholic influence. Among reserve officers, coming mainly from secondary schools and universities, antisemitism was more widespread. After the First World War, the rising antisemitism was also felt in the army.
