Beam Effects Surface Topography And Depth Profiling In Surface Analysis

Author : Alvin W. Czanderna,Theodore E. Madey,Cedric J. Powell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2006-04-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780306469145

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Beam Effects, Surface Topography, and Depth Profiling in Surface Analysis by Alvin W. Czanderna,Theodore E. Madey,Cedric J. Powell Pdf

Many books are available that detail the basic principles of the different methods of surface characterization. On the other hand, the scientific literature provides a resource of how individual pieces of research are conducted by particular labo- tories. Between these two extremes the literature is thin but it is here that the present volume comfortably sits. Both the newcomer and the more mature scientist will find in these chapters a wealth of detail as well as advice and general guidance of the principal phenomena relevant to the study of real samples. In the analysis of samples, practical analysts have fairly simple models of how everything works. Superimposed on this ideal world is an understanding of how the parameters of the measurement method, the instrumentation, and the char- teristics of the sample distort this ideal world into something less precise, less controlled, and less understood. The guidance given in these chapters allows the scientist to understand how to obtain the most precise and understood measu- ments that are currently possible and, where there are inevitable problems, to have clear guidance as the extent of the problem and its likely behavior.

Author : Tom R. Thomas,Bengt Göran Rosén,Hassan Zahouani
Publisher : Université de Saint-Etienne
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 2862723894

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Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces by Tom R. Thomas,Bengt Göran Rosén,Hassan Zahouani Pdf

Author : Stefan Dimov,Wolfgang Menz
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 537 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2005-12-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080462554

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4M 2005 - First International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture by Stefan Dimov,Wolfgang Menz Pdf

4M 2005 - First International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture

Author : Wolfgang Moritz,Michel A. Van Hove
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781108418096

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Surface Structure Determination by LEED and X-rays by Wolfgang Moritz,Michel A. Van Hove Pdf

Discover exciting new developments and applications of LEED and X-ray diffraction, alongside detailed introductory material.

Author : Michael Kohl,Bo Carlsson,S.E. Jorgensen,Alvin W CZANDERNA
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2004-10-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080538631

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Performance and Durability Assessment: by Michael Kohl,Bo Carlsson,S.E. Jorgensen,Alvin W CZANDERNA Pdf

2 real examples demonstrate how to obtain the service life of solar collector systems Durable, providing fundamentals that will continue to be valuable over the next 5-10 years Lighting a pathway to the commercialisation of solar products Solar devices lose their performance over time. The rate of degradation controls the service life of these devices. The essential concepts used to assess durability and performance of two specific solar collector systems are described, enabling researchers to assess durability in other solar devices. The examples of modelling, testing and performance measurements give researchers a how-to approach to reach crucial service lifetime predictions. Achieving successful and sustainable commercialisation of solar products relies on the fulfilment of 2 further criteria and these are also discussed. The methodology of service lifetime predictions (SLP), which is explained in detail in the book, is crucially needed in other solar technologies and is generally applicable to a wide variety of materials, components and systems used in other solar, biomedical, aerospace, electronic and coatings technologies. 2 real examples demonstrate how to obtain the service life of solar collector systems Reassuringly durable, providing fundamentals that will continue to be valuable over the next 5-10 years Lighting a pathway for the commercialisation of solar products

Author : Peter W. Hawkes,Martin Hytch
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-25
Category : Electrons
ISBN : 9780128174753

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Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics by Peter W. Hawkes,Martin Hytch Pdf

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 212, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains. Contains contributions from leading authorities on the subject matter Informs and updates on the latest developments in the field of imaging and electron physics Provides practitioners interested in microscopy, optics, image processing, mathematical morphology, electromagnetic fields, electrons and ion emission with a valuable resource Features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing

Author : Thomas James Whittles
Publisher : Springer
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319916651

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Electronic Characterisation of Earth‐Abundant Sulphides for Solar Photovoltaics by Thomas James Whittles Pdf

This book examines the electronic structure of earth-abundant and environmentally friendly materials for use as absorber layers within photovoltaic cells. The corroboration between high-quality photoemission measurements and density of states calculations yields valuable insights into why these materials have demonstrated poor device efficiencies in the vast literature cited. The book shows how the materials’ underlying electronic structures affect their properties, and how the band positions make them unsuitable for use with established solar cell technologies. After explaining these poor efficiencies, the book offers alternative window layer materials to improve the use of these absorbers. The power of photoemission and interpretation of the data in terms of factors generally overlooked in the literature, such as the materials’ oxidation and phase impurity, is demonstrated. Representing a unique reference guide, the book will be of considerable interest and value to members of the photoemission community engaged in solar cell research, and to a wider materials science audience as well.

Author : Ivo Utke,Stanislav Moshkalev,Phillip Russell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 840 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-03-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780199920990

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Nanofabrication Using Focused Ion and Electron Beams by Ivo Utke,Stanislav Moshkalev,Phillip Russell Pdf

Nanofabrication Using Focused Ion and Electron Beams presents fundamentals of the interaction of focused ion and electron beams (FIB/FEB) with surfaces, as well as numerous applications of these techniques for nanofabrication involving different materials and devices. The book begins by describing the historical evolution of FIB and FEB systems, applied first for micro- and more recently for nanofabrication and prototyping, practical solutions available in the market for different applications, and current trends in development of tools and their integration in a fast growing field of nanofabrication and nanocharacterization. Limitations of the FIB/FEB techniques, especially important when nanoscale resolution is considered, as well as possible ways to overcome the experimental difficulties in creating new nanodevices and improving resolution of processing, are outlined. Chapters include tutorials describing fundamental aspects of the interaction of beams (FIB/FEB) with surfaces, nanostructures and adsorbed molecules; electron and ion beam chemistries; basic theory, design and configuration of equipment; simulations of processes; basic solutions for nanoprototyping. Emerging technologies as processing by cluster beams are also discussed. In addition, the book considers numerous applications of these techniques (milling, etching, deposition) for nanolithography, nanofabrication and characterization, involving different nanostructured materials and devices. Its main focus is on practical details of using focused ion and electron beams with gas assistance (deposition and etching) and without gas assistance (milling/cutting) for fabrication of devices from the fields of nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, nanomagnetics, functionalized scanning probe tips, nanosensors and other types of NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems). Special attention is given to strategies designed to overcome limitations of the techniques (e.g., due to damaging produced by energetic ions interacting with matter), particularly those involving multi-step processes and multi-layer materials. Through its thorough demonstration of fundamental concepts and its presentation of a wide range of technologies developed for specific applications, this volume is ideal for researches from many different disciplines, as well as engineers and professors in nanotechnology and nanoscience.

Author : Robert Baboian
Publisher : ASTM International
Page : 887 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Corrosion and anti-corrosives
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Corrosion Tests and Standards by Robert Baboian Pdf

Author : John C. Vickerman,Ian S. Gilmore
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 690 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2011-08-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119965510

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Surface Analysis by John C. Vickerman,Ian S. Gilmore Pdf

This completely updated and revised second edition of Surface Analysis: The Principal Techniques, deals with the characterisation and understanding of the outer layers of substrates, how they react, look and function which are all of interest to surface scientists. Within this comprehensive text, experts in each analysis area introduce the theory and practice of the principal techniques that have shown themselves to be effective in both basic research and in applied surface analysis. Examples of analysis are provided to facilitate the understanding of this topic and to show readers how they can overcome problems within this area of study.

Author : J. M. Walls
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1990-04-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 052138690X

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Methods of Surface Analysis by J. M. Walls Pdf

Author : H. Oechsner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642464997

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Thin Film and Depth Profile Analysis by H. Oechsner Pdf

The characterization of thin films and solid interfaces as well as the determina tion of concentration profiles in thin solid layers is one of the fields which re quire a rapid transfer of the results from basic research to technological applica tions and developments. It is the merit of the Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich and Else Heraeus-Stiftung to promote such a transfer by organizing high standard seminars mostly held at the "Physikzentrum" in Bad Honnef near Bonn. The present book has been stimulated by one of these seminars assembling most of the invited speakers as co-authors. The editor appreciates the cooperation of his colleagues contributing to this book. H. Oechsner Kaiserslautern, April 1984 v Contents 1. Introduction. ByH. Oechsner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 1 Requirements for Thin Film and In-Depth Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 Object and Outl i ne of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 References 2. The Application of Beam and Diffraction Techniques to Thin Film and Surface Micro-Analysis. By H. W. Werner (With 25 Fi gures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 1 Methods to Determine Chemical Structures in Material Research 5 2. 2 Selected Analytical Features Used to Determine Chemical Structures 9 2. 2. 1 Depth Profi 1 ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 a) Destructive Depth Profiling b) Nondestructive Methods for Depth and Thin Film Analysis 15 19 2. 2. 2 Microspot Analysis and Element Imaging 2. 3 Determining Physical Structures in Material Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2. 3. 1 X-Ray Diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2. 3. 2 X-Ray Double Crystal Diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2. 3.

Author : Siegfried Hofmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642273810

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Auger- and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Materials Science by Siegfried Hofmann Pdf

To anyone who is interested in surface chemical analysis of materials on the nanometer scale, this book is prepared to give appropriate information. Based on typical application examples in materials science, a concise approach to all aspects of quantitative analysis of surfaces and thin films with AES and XPS is provided. Starting from basic principles which are step by step developed into practically useful equations, extensive guidance is given to graduate students as well as to experienced researchers. Key chapters are those on quantitative surface analysis and on quantitative depth profiling, including recent developments in topics such as surface excitation parameter and backscattering correction factor. Basic relations are derived for emission and excitation angle dependencies in the analysis of bulk material and of fractional nano-layer structures, and for both smooth and rough surfaces. It is shown how to optimize the analytical strategy, signal-to-noise ratio, certainty and detection limit. Worked examples for quantification of alloys and of layer structures in practical cases (e.g. contamination, evaporation, segregation and oxidation) are used to critically review different approaches to quantification with respect to average matrix correction factors and matrix relative sensitivity factors. State-of-the-art issues in quantitative, destructive and non-destructive depth profiling are discussed with emphasis on sputter depth profiling and on angle resolved XPS and AES. Taking into account preferential sputtering and electron backscattering corrections, an introduction to the mixing-roughness-information depth (MRI) model and its extensions is presented.

Author : Sabine Becker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2008-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0470517204

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Inorganic Mass Spectrometry by Sabine Becker Pdf

Providing an exhaustive review of this topic, Inorganic Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications provides details on all aspects of inorganic mass spectrometry, from a historical overview of the topic to the principles and functions of mass separation and ion detection systems. Offering a comprehensive treatment of inorganic mass spectrometry, topics covered include: Recent developments in instrumentation Developing analytical techniques for measurements of trace and ultratrace impurities in different materials This broad textbook in inorganic mass spectrometry, presents the most important mass spectrometric techniques used in all fields of analytical chemistry. By covering recent developments and advances in all fields of inorganic mass spectrometry, this text provides researchers and students with information to answer any questions on this topic as well as providing the basic fundamentals for understanding this potentially complex, but increasingly relevant subject.

Author : G. Kiriakidis,G. Carter,J.L. Whitton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400944220

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Erosion and Growth of Solids Stimulated by Atom and Ion Beams by G. Kiriakidis,G. Carter,J.L. Whitton Pdf

The members of the organising Committee and their colleagues have, for many years been investigating the evol ution of the fas'cinating surface features which develop during sputtering erosion of solids. Such experimental, theoretical and computational studies have also been carried out in many international laboratories and, as well as much cow~onality and agreement, substantial disagreements were unresolved. In view of the increasing importance of such processes in technological applications such as microlitho graphic etching for the patterning of solid state devices and in fusion technology it was felt opportune to hold a meeting in this area. Furthermore the use of energetic atomic and ion fluxes is also becoming of increasing importance in assisting or modifying the growth of thin films in a number of important industrial processes and it was therefore rational to combine the, study of both erosional and growth processes in a single meeting. These proceedings include 16 invited review and 15 oral or poster presented contributions to the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the "Erosion and Growth of Solids Stimulated by Atom and Ion Beams". The review contributions span the range from the fundamental concepts of ballistic sputtering, and how this influences surface morphology evolution, through processes involving entrapment of incident species to mechanisms involved in'the use of chemically reactive ion species. Further reviews outline the influence of energetic irradiation upon surface growth by atomic deposition whilst others discuss technologkal applications of both areas of growth and erosion.