Between Containment And Rollback

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Between Containment and Rollback

Author : Christian F. Ostermann
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781503607637

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Between Containment and Rollback by Christian F. Ostermann Pdf

In the aftermath of World War II, American policymakers turned to the task of rebuilding Europe while keeping communism at bay. In Germany, formally divided since 1949,the United States prioritized the political, economic, and, eventually, military integration of the fledgling Federal Republic with the West. The extraordinary success story of forging this alliance has dominated our historical under-standing of the American-German relationship. Largely left out of the grand narrative of U.S.–German relations were most East Germans who found themselves caught under Soviet and then communist control by the post-1945 geo-political fallout of the war that Nazi Germany had launched. They were the ones who most dearly paid the price for the country's division. This book writes the East Germans—both leadership and general populace—back into that history as objects of American policy and as historical agents in their own right Based on recently declassified documents from American, Russian, and German archives, this book demonstrates that U.S. efforts from 1945 to 1953 went beyond building a prosperous democracy in western Germany and "containing" Soviet-Communist power to the east. Under the Truman and then the Eisenhower administrations, American policy also included efforts to undermine and "roll back" Soviet and German communist control in the eastern part of the country. This story sheds light on a dark-er side to the American Cold War in Germany: propaganda, covert operations, economic pressure, and psychological warfare. Christian F. Ostermann takes an international history approach, capturing Soviet and East German responses and actions, and drawing a rich and complex picture of the early East–West confrontation in the heart of Europe.

Operation Rollback

Author : Peter Grose
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0618154582

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Operation Rollback by Peter Grose Pdf

Discusses America's secret plan known as Rollback that was designed to subvert and sabotage the Soviet grip on its satellite countries after the collapse of Nazi power in 1945.

Inside China's Cold War

Author : Christian F. Ostermann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Albania
ISBN : WISC:89104385406

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Inside China's Cold War by Christian F. Ostermann Pdf

"Featuring new evidence on: Mao, Stalin, and the road to the 1950 Summit; The 1954 Geneva Conference; Sino-Albanian summits 1961-67; Mongolia and the Cold War; North Korea in 1956; Romania and the Sino-US opening."--Cover

The Marshall Plan

Author : Benn Steil
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781501102394

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The Marshall Plan by Benn Steil Pdf

Winner of the 2018 American Academy of Diplomacy Douglas Dillon Award Shortlisted for the 2018 Duff Cooper Prize in Literary Nonfiction “[A] brilliant book…by far the best study yet” (Paul Kennedy, The Wall Street Journal) of the gripping history behind the Marshall Plan and its long-lasting influence on our world. In the wake of World War II, with Britain’s empire collapsing and Stalin’s on the rise, US officials under new Secretary of State George C. Marshall set out to reconstruct western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritarianism. Their massive, costly, and ambitious undertaking would confront Europeans and Americans alike with a vision at odds with their history and self-conceptions. In the process, they would drive the creation of NATO, the European Union, and a Western identity that continue to shape world events. Benn Steil’s “thoroughly researched and well-written account” (USA TODAY) tells the story behind the birth of the Cold War, told with verve, insight, and resonance for today. Focusing on the critical years 1947 to 1949, Benn Steil’s gripping narrative takes us through the seminal episodes marking the collapse of postwar US-Soviet relations—the Prague coup, the Berlin blockade, and the division of Germany. In each case, Stalin’s determination to crush the Marshall Plan and undermine American power in Europe is vividly portrayed. Bringing to bear fascinating new material from American, Russian, German, and other European archives, Steil’s account will forever change how we see the Marshall Plan. “Trenchant and timely…an ambitious, deeply researched narrative that…provides a fresh perspective on the coming Cold War” (The New York Times Book Review), The Marshall Plan is a polished and masterly work of historical narrative. An instant classic of Cold War literature, it “is a gripping, complex, and critically important story that is told with clarity and precision” (The Christian Science Monitor).

Rebellious Satellite

Author : Paweł Machcewicz
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : IND:30000124590294

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Rebellious Satellite by Paweł Machcewicz Pdf

"Rebellious Satellite: Poland 1956 relates the social history of the protests and mass movements that ultimately changed Polish politics and Polish-Soviet relations in 1956, yet avoided an armed Soviet response. Pawel Machcewicz focuses on people's expression of grievances, and even riots, rather than on "top-level" activities such as internal Communist Part struggles, as he carefully depicts the protests that took place in Poznan in June 1956 and across Poland the following October and November." "Based largely on newly available Party and security apparatus documents, which were originally prepared to inform Poland's Party leadership about what was happening on the ground, the book also includes an illuminating selection of photographs from Poznari in June 1956 taken secretly by the police."--Jacket.

Emergency Powers of International Organizations

Author : Christian Kreuder-Sonnen
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198832935

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Emergency Powers of International Organizations by Christian Kreuder-Sonnen Pdf

Emergency Powers of International Organizations explores emergency politics of international organizations (IOs). It studies cases in which, based on justifications of exceptional necessity, IOs expand their authority, increase executive discretion, and interfere with the rights of their rule-addressees. This ''IO exceptionalism'' is observable in crisis responses of a diverse set of institutions including the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the World Health Organization. Through six in-depth case studies, the book analyzes the institutional dynamics unfolding in the wake of the assumption of emergency powers by IOs. Sometimes, the exceptional competencies become normalized in the IOs' authority structures (the ''ratchet effect"). In other cases, IO emergency powers provoke a backlash that eventually reverses or contains the expansions of authority (the "rollback effect"). To explain these variable outcomes, this book draws on sociological institutionalism to develop a proportionality theory of IO emergency powers. It contends that ratchets and rollbacks are a function of actors' ability to justify or contest emergency powers as (dis)proportionate. The claim that the distribution of rhetorical power is decisive for the institutional outcome is tested against alternative rational institutionalist explanations that focus on institutional design and the distribution of institutional power among states. The proportionality theory holds across the cases studied in this book and clearly outcompetes the alternative accounts. Against the background of the empirical analysis, the book moreover provides a critical normative reflection on the (anti) constitutional effects of IO exceptionalism and highlights a potential connection between authoritarian traits in global governance and the system's current legitimacy crisis.

The Geopolitics Of Super Power

Author : Colin S. Gray
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780813185033

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The Geopolitics Of Super Power by Colin S. Gray Pdf

What is Soviet-American competition all about? Is the Soviet Union a security problem that the United States must solve? Or is it an insecurity condition with which the U.S. must learn to live—and if so, on what terms? What kind of a player is the United States in the great game of power politics? In The Geopolitics of Super Power, one of our most respected strategic theorists answers these and other questions. In geopolitical terms, Colin Gray sees the Soviet-American antagonism as an enduring contest between a continental empire and a maritime coalition, each with its distinctive character and purposes. Gray explores the roots of the American style in foreign policy and strategy, and how that style relates to defense options. He identifies four broad alternatives for U.S. national security policy: passive and active means of containment, disengagement from foreign security commitments, and the "rollback" of the Soviet empire. Gray argues vigorously for active containment, for the systematic deemphasis of nuclear weapons, and for the intelligent use, for deterrence and defense purposes, of the West's great competitive strengths in the political, economic, and technological spheres.

Waging Peace

Author : Robert Richardson Bowie,Richard H. Immerman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : History
ISBN : 9780195140484

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Waging Peace by Robert Richardson Bowie,Richard H. Immerman Pdf

Waging Peace offers the first fully comprehensive study of Eisenhower's "New Look" program of national security, which provided the groundwork for the next three decades of America's Cold War strategy. Though the Cold War itself and the idea of containment originated under Truman, it was left to Eisenhower to develop the first coherent and sustainable strategy for addressing the issues unique to the nuclear age. To this end, he designated a decision-making system centered around the National Security Council to take full advantage of the expertise and data from various departments and agencies and of the judgment of his principal advisors. The result was the formation of a "long haul" strategy of preventing war and Soviet expansion and of mitigating Soviet hostility. Only now, in the aftermath of the Cold War, can Eisenhower's achievement be fully appreciated. This book will be of much interest to scholars and students of the Eisenhower era, diplomatic history, the Cold War, and contemporary foreign policy.

Reagan's War

Author : Peter Schweizer
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2003-10-21
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781400075560

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Reagan's War by Peter Schweizer Pdf

Reagan’s War is the story of Ronald Reagan’s personal and political journey as an anti-communist, from his early days as an actor to his years in the White House. Challenging popular misconceptions of Reagan as an empty suit who played only a passive role in the demise of the Soviet Union, Peter Schweizer details Reagan’s decades-long battle against communism. Bringing to light previously secret information obtained from archives in the United States, Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Russia—including Reagan’s KGB file—Schweizer offers a compelling case that Reagan personally mapped out and directed his war against communism, often disagreeing with experts and advisers. An essential book for understanding the Cold War, Reagan’s War should be read by open-minded readers across the political spectrum.

The Crisis of Détente in Europe

Author : Leopoldo Nuti
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2008-11-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134044979

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The Crisis of Détente in Europe by Leopoldo Nuti Pdf

This edited volume is the first detailed exploration of the last phase of the Cold War, taking a critical look at the crisis of détente in Europe in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The transition from détente to a new phase of harsh confrontation and severe crises is an interesting, indeed crucial, phase of the evolution of the international system. This book makes use of previously unreleased archival materials, moving beyond existing interpretations of this period by challenging the traditional bipolar paradigm that focuses mostly on the role of the superpowers in the transformation of the international system. The essays here emphasize the combination and the interplay of a large number of variables- political, ideological, economic and military - and explore the topic from a truly international perspective. Issues covered include human rights, the Euromissiles, the CSCE (Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe), the Revolution in Military Affairs, economic growth and its consequences.

Strategies of Containment

Author : John Lewis Gaddis
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2005-06-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199883998

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Strategies of Containment by John Lewis Gaddis Pdf

When Strategies of Containment was first published, the Soviet Union was still a superpower, Ronald Reagan was president of the United States, and the Berlin Wall was still standing. This updated edition of Gaddis' classic carries the history of containment through the end of the Cold War. Beginning with Franklin D. Roosevelt's postwar plans, Gaddis provides a thorough critical analysis of George F. Kennan's original strategy of containment, NSC-68, The Eisenhower-Dulles "New Look," the Kennedy-Johnson "flexible response" strategy, the Nixon-Kissinger strategy of detente, and now a comprehensive assessment of how Reagan - and Gorbechev - completed the process of containment, thereby bringing the Cold War to an end. He concludes, provocatively, that Reagan more effectively than any other Cold War president drew upon the strengths of both approaches while avoiding their weaknesses. A must-read for anyone interested in Cold War history, grand strategy, and the origins of the post-Cold War world.

Rollback!

Author : Thomas Bodenheimer,Robert Gould
Publisher : South End Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0896083454

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Rollback! by Thomas Bodenheimer,Robert Gould Pdf

The first book to demonstrate how the Right operates not only within Republican administrations, but in Democratic ones as well.

Containment

Author : Ian Shapiro
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2009-02-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400827565

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Containment by Ian Shapiro Pdf

In this powerfully argued book, Ian Shapiro shows that the idea of containment offers the best hope for protecting Americans and their democracy into the future. His bold vision for American security in the post-September 11 world is reminiscent of George Kennan's historic "Long Telegram," in which the containment strategy that won the Cold War was first developed. The Bush Doctrine of preemptive war and unilateral action has been marked by incompetence--missed opportunities to capture Osama bin Laden, failures of postwar planning for Iraq, and lack of an exit strategy. But Shapiro contends that the problems run deeper. He explains how the Bush Doctrine departs from the best traditions of American national-security policy and accepted international norms, and renders Americans and democratic values less safe. He debunks the belief that containment is obsolete. Terror networks might be elusive, but the enabling states that make them dangerous can be contained. Shapiro defends containment against charges of appeasement, arguing that force against a direct threat will be needed. He outlines new approaches to intelligence, finance, allies, diplomacy, and international institutions. He explains why containment is the best alternative to a misguided agenda that naively assumes democratic regime change is possible from the barrel of an American gun. President Bush has defined the War on Terror as the decisive ideological struggle of our time. Shapiro shows what a self-defeating mistake that is. He sets out a viable alternative that offers real security to Americans, reclaims America's international stature, and promotes democracy around the world.

Hungary in the Cold War, 1945-1956

Author : L szl¢ Borhi
Publisher : Central European University Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9639241806

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Hungary in the Cold War, 1945-1956 by L szl¢ Borhi Pdf

"Based on new archival evidence, this book examines Soviet empire building in Hungary and the American response to it." "The book analyzes why, given all its idealism and power, the U.S. failed even in its minimal aims concerning the states of Eastern Europe. Eventually both the United States and the Soviet Union pursued power politics: the Soviets in a naked form, the U.S. subtly, but both with little regard for the fate of Hungarians."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Remembering George Kennan

Author : Melvyn P. Leffler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Cold War
ISBN : PURD:32754076285166

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Remembering George Kennan by Melvyn P. Leffler Pdf

George F. Kennan, the father of containment, was a rather obscure and frustrated foreign service officer at the U.S. embassy in Moscow when his "Long Telegram" of February 1946 gained the attention of policymakers in Washington and transformed his career. What is Kennan's legacy and the implications of his thinking for the contemporary era? Is it possible to reconcile Kennan's legacy with the newfound emphasis on a "democratic peace?"