Between Making And Knowing Tools In The History Of Materials Research
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Between Making And Knowing: Tools In The History Of Materials Research by Joseph D Martin,Cyrus Mody Pdf
This book is indexed in Chemical Abstracts ServiceThis book offers a comprehensive sketch of the tools used in material research and the rich and diverse stories of how those tools came to be. We aim to give readers a sense of what tools materials researchers required in the late 20th century, and how those tools were developed and became accessible. The book is in a sense a collective biography of the components of what the philosopher of science, Ian Hacking, calls the 'instrumentarium' of materials research. Readers should gain an appreciation of the work materials researchers put into developing and using such tools, and of the tremendous variety of such tools. They should also gain some insight into the material (and hence financial) prerequisites for materials research. Materials research requires funding for the availability and maintenance of its tools; and the category of tools encompasses a broad range of substances, apparatus, institutions, and infrastructure.Between Nature and Society: Biographies of Materials (Part of A World Scientific Encyclopedia of the Development and History of Materials Science)
How long have composites been around? Where does the classical laminate theory come from? Who made the first modern fiber composite? This work in the history of materials science is the first examination of the strategies employed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in researching and developing hybrid materials. The author analyzes numerous sources which record a regular back and forth between applied design and exploratory materials engineering in building such “modular materials”. The motivations, ideas, and concepts of engineers, scientists, and other players in industry and research are also examined within the context of their day. This book presents the development and importance of composite materials within historical context. The content includes Early composite materials The development of composite materials in the industrial nineteenth century Composites in twentieth-century polymer chemistry The development of hybrid material systems in the second half of the twentieth century Summary. The author: Dr. Andreas T. Haka is an engineer and historian of science and technology. He is currently a lecturer in the Section for the History of Science and Technology at the University of Stuttgart. His main focus is on the history and practice of materials research, raw materials, materials science and technological constructive design, scientific networks, and research technologies.
Between Nature And Society: Biographies Of Materials by Bernadette Bensaude-vincent Pdf
This volume opens the readers' eyes to the central role of materials in human societies and in the environment by telling the life stories of fifteen materials. In this rich collection of stories, materials are found at the complex interface between nature and society. They are not just atomic structures with a set of properties and behaviors. They capture the attention of nations worldwide because materials have major impacts on our welfare and can affect international peace and security.Part of A World Scientific Encyclopedia of the Development and History of Materials Science
Author : Victoria Lee Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 334 pages File Size : 55,7 Mb Release : 2021-12 Category : History ISBN : 9780226812748
The Arts of the Microbial World by Victoria Lee Pdf
"The Arts of the Microbial World explores how Japanese scientists and skilled workers sought to use the microbe's natural processes to create new products, from soy-sauce mold starters to MSG and from vitamins to statins. In traditional brewing houses as well as in the food, fine chemical, and pharmaceutical industries across Japan, they showcased their ability to deal with the enormous sensitivity and variety of the microbial world. Victoria Lee's careful study offers a lush historical example of a society where scientists asked microbes for what they termed "gifts." Lee's story ranges from the microbe's integration into Japan as an imported concept to its precise application in recombinant DNA biotechnology. By focusing on a conception of life as fermentation in Japan, she showcases the significance of cultural and technical continuities with the pre-modern period in sustaining non-Western technological breakthroughs in the global economy. At a moment when twenty-first-century developments in the fields of antibiotic resistance, the microbiome, and green chemistry strongly suggest that the traditional eradication-based approach to the microbial world is unsustainable, twentieth-century Japanese microbiology provides a new, broader vantage for understanding and managing microbial interactions with society"--
Practical Realist Philosophy of Science by Ave Mets,Endla Lõhkivi,Peeter Müürsepp,Jaana Eigi-Watkin Pdf
Rein Vihalemm's philosophy of science left two prominent philosophical legacies: a methodological distinction of scientific disciplines and the practical realist philosophy of science. The diverse perspectives in this book explore some of the ideas that have sprung from Vihalemm's philosophy of science, and the applications of these approaches.
"What does it mean to be a realist about science if one takes seriously the view that scientific knowledge is always perspectival, namely historically and culturally situated? In this book, Michela Massimi articulates an original answer to this question. The book begins with an exploration of how scientific communities often resort to several models and a plurality of practices in some areas of inquiry, drawing on examples from nuclear physics, climate science, and developmental psychology. Taking this plurality in science as a starting point, Massimi explains the perspectival nature of scientific representation, the role of scientific models as inferential blueprints, and the variety of scientific realism that naturally accompanies such a view. Perspectival realism is realism about phenomena (rather than about theories or unobservable entities). The book defends this novel realist view, which places epistemic communities and their situated knowledge center stage. The result is a portrait of scientific knowledge as a collaborative inquiry, where the reliability of science is made possible by a plurality of historically and culturally situated scientific perspectives. Along the way, Massimi offers insights into the nature of scientific modelling, scientific knowledge qua modal knowledge, data-to-phenomena inferences, and natural kinds as sortal concepts. Perspectival realism is ultimately realism that takes the multicultural nature of science seriously and couples it with cosmopolitan duties about how one ought to think about scientific knowledge and the distribution of the benefits resulting from scientific advancements"--
Separation Process Engineering by Phillip C. Wankat Pdf
The Definitive, Learner-Friendly Guide to Chemical Engineering Separations--Extensively Updated, Including a New Chapter on Melt Crystallization Efficient separation processes are crucial to addressing many societal problems, from developing new medicines to improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Separation Process Engineering, Fifth Edition, is the most comprehensive, accessible guide to modern separation processes and the fundamentals of mass transfer. In this completely updated edition, Phillip C. Wankat teaches each key concept through detailed, realistic examples using actual data--with up-to-date simulation practice, spreadsheet-based exercises, and references. Wankat thoroughly covers each separation process, including flash, column, and batch distillation; exact calculations and shortcut methods for multicomponent distillation; staged and packed column design; absorption; stripping; and more. His extensive discussions of mass transfer and diffusion enable faculty to teach separations and mass transfer in a single course. And detailed material on liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, chromatography, and ion exchange prepares students for advanced work. New and updated content includes melt crystallization, steam distillation, residue curve analysis, batch washing, the Shanks system for percolation leaching, eutectic systems, forward osmosis, microfiltration, and hybrid separations. A full chapter discusses economics and energy conservation, including updated equipment costs. Over 300 new and updated homework problems are presented, all extensively tested in undergraduate courses at Purdue University. New chapter on melt crystallization: solid-liquid phase equilibrium, suspension, static and falling film layer approaches, and 34 questions and problems New binary VLE equations and updated content on simultaneous solutions New coverage of safety and fire hazards New material on steam distillation, simple multi-component batch distillation, and residue curve analysis Expanded discussion of tray efficiencies, packed column design, and energy reduction in distillation New coverage of two hybrid extraction with distillation, and the Kremser equation in fractional extraction Added sections on deicing with eutectic systems, eutectic freeze concentration, and scale-up New sections on forward osmosis and microfiltration Expanded advanced content on adsorption and ion exchange including updated instructions for eight detailed Aspen Chromatography labs Discussion of membrane separations, including gas permeation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, and applications Thirteen up-to-date Aspen Plus process simulation labs, adaptable to any simulator This guide reflects an up-to-date understanding of how modern students learn: designed, organized, and written to be exceptionally clear and easy to use. It presents detailed examples in a clear, standard format, using real data to solve actual engineering problems, preparing students for their future careers.
Between Science and Industry: Institutions in the History of Materials Research by Robert P Crease Pdf
Materials science institutions have always been crucial to the development of materials research. Even before materials science emerged as a discipline in the 20th century, these institutions existed in various forms. They provided specialized facilities for research, educated new generations of researchers, drafted policies and funded programs, enabled valuable connections between research groups, or played any other role which were needed to further the progress of materials science.This volume, the third in a series of volumes covering the development and history of materials science, presents illuminating perspectives on material science institutions. Twenty chapters are organized into six comprehensive parts of which each cover a characteristic aspect or historical feature. True to the topic they write about, the contributors to this volume have varied backgrounds. Some are materials scientists and engineers, but others are historians, philosophers of science, sociologists, or even directors of institutions themselves. This comprehensive, unified collection is a valuable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, academics, policymakers and professionals who are actively interested in materials science and its development from the past to the future.Part of A World Scientific Encyclopedia of the Development and History of Materials Science Between Making and Knowing: Tools in the History of Materials ResearchBetween Nature and Society: Biographies of MaterialsRelated Link(s)Materials science: the rule of three that guides its development -- Physics World
Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education by Delgado-Algarra, Emilio José,Cuenca-López, José María Pdf
Cultural competence in education promotes civic engagement among students. Providing students with educational opportunities to understand various cultural and political perspectives allows for higher cultural competence and a greater understanding of civic engagement for those students. The Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education is a critical scholarly book that provides relevant and current research on citizenship and heritage education aimed at promoting active participation and the transformation of society. Readers will come to understand the role of heritage as a symbolic identity source that facilitates the understanding of the present and the past, highlighting the value of teaching. Additionally, it offers a source for the design of didactic proposals that promote active participation and the critical conservation of heritage. Featuring a range of topics such as educational policy, curriculum design, and political science, this book is ideal for educators, academicians, administrators, political scientists, policymakers, researchers, and students.
The Structures of Practical Knowledge by Matteo Valleriani Pdf
The Structures of Practical Knowledge investigates the nature of practical knowledge – why, how, when and by whom it is codified, and once codified, how this knowledge is structured. The inquiry unfolds in a series of fifteen case studies, which range in focus from early modern Italy to eighteenth century China. At the heart of each study is a shared definition of practical knowledge, that is, knowledge needed to obtain a certain outcome, whether that be an artistic or mechanical artifact, a healing practice, or a mathematical result. While the content of practical knowledge is widely variable, this study shows that all practical knowledge is formally equivalent in following a defined workflow, as reflected in a construction procedure, a recipe, or an algorithm. As explored in the volume’s fifteen contributions, there are three levels at which structures of practical knowledge may be understood and examined. At the most immediate level, there are the individual workflows that encompasses practical knowledge itself. Probing further, it is possible to examine the structure of practical knowledge as it is externalized and codified in texts, drawings, and artifacts such as models. Finally, practical knowledge is also related to social structures, which fundamentally determine its dissemination and evolution into new knowledge structures. The social structures of professionals and institutions represent the critical means by which practical knowledge takes form. These actors are the agents of codification, and by means of selection, appropriation, investment, and knowledge development, they determine the formation of new structures of practical knowledge. On a more abstract level, the creation of new knowledge structures is understood as constituting the basis for the further development of scientific knowledge. Rich in subject matter and incisive in the theory it lays out, this volume represents an important contribution to the history of science and epistemology. Individually, the fifteen case studies – encompassing the history of architecture, mining, brewing, glass production, printing, ballistics, mechanics, cartography, cosmology and astronomy – are replete with original research, and offer new insights into the history of science. Taken together, the contributions remodel historical epistemology as a whole, elucidating the underlining knowledge structures that transcend disciplinary boundaries, and that unite practitioners across time and space.
Principles and Applications of Tribology by Desmond F. Moore Pdf
Principles and Applications of Tribology provides a mechanical engineering perspective of the fundamental understanding and applications of tribology. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 16 chapters that cover the principles of friction and different types of lubrication. Chapter 1 deals with the immense scope of tribology and the range of applications in the existing technology, and Chapter 2 is devoted entirely to the evaluation and measurement of surface texture. Chapters 3 to 5 present the fundamental concepts underlying the friction of metals, elastomers, and other materials. The principles of hydrodynamic lubrication are briefly discussed in Chapter 6, and the mechanisms of boundary and elastohydrodynamic lubrication are examined in Chapters 7 and 8. Chapter 9 is a generalized treatise on wear and abrasion phenomena in metals and elastomers, whereas Chapter 10 deals with the internal friction in solids, liquids, and gases. Chapter 11 is an abbreviated yet thorough treatment of experimental methods used in tribological studies. The remaining five chapters in this book are devoted to specific applications, including manufacturing processes, automotive applications, transportation, locomotion, bearing design, and miscellaneous. This book is an ideal source for mechanical engineering students.
Proceedings of the 2023 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2023) by Rosila Bee Binti Mohd Hussain,Jimmyn Parc,Jia Li Pdf
This is an open access book. 2023 9th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2023) will be held on April 21-23, 2022 in Beijing, China. Except that, ICHSSR 2023 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Humanities and Social Science Research to a common forum. We will discuss and study about EDUCATION , SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES and other fields. ICHSSR 2022 also aims to provide a platform for experts, scholars, engineers, technicians and technical R & D personnel to share scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, understand academic development trends, expand research ideas, strengthen academic research and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements. The conference sincerely invites experts, scholars, business people and other relevant personnel from universities, scientific research institutions at home and abroad to attend and exchange! The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in financial innovation and economic development and related areas.
Handbook of Research on Transformative Online Education and Liberation: Models for Social Equality by Kurubacak, Gulsun,Yuzer, T. Volkan Pdf
"This book focuses on the societal, social, political, economic and philosophical perspectives of transformative models and how digital learning communities foster critical reflections and perspective change, building a better understanding on how online educators/designers/tutors/learners can talk about injustice and inequality to a virtual group"--Provided by publisher.