Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Of Wood

Author : Takayoshi Higuchi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642604690

Get Book

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Wood by Takayoshi Higuchi Pdf

Progress in wood chemistry has been related mainly to chemical wood pulping and bleaching and chemical utilization of wood and wood extractives. Meth ods of wood analysis were developed by Schorger (proximate analysis in 1917) and Dore (summative analysis in 1919), and standard methods based on Schorger's method, e.g., TAPPI standards (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry), have been widely used for chemical analysis of woods in many countries. Thus it is generally known that wood is composed of about 50% cellulose, 20-35% of lignin, 15-25% of hemicelluloses, and variable amounts of extractives. Chemical characterization and efficient utilization of these wood components have been studied in laboratories of wood chemistry and technology in universities and government institutions. In the last decade, biochemistry and molecular biology of microorganisms, animals, and plants have greatly progressed. At the same time wood has been recognized as a unique renewable ecomaterial produced by trees using solar energy. In addition, many desirable properties of wood and wood components as biomaterial that affects physiology and psychology in humans have recently attracted attention.

Author : Nigel J Chaffey
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2002-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780203166444

Get Book

Wood Formation in Trees by Nigel J Chaffey Pdf

Trees are a major component of the biosphere and have played an important part in the world's history and culture. With the modern challenges of global warming and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, trees, and in particular their wood, can provide solutions. Unfortunately, too little is known about the biology of these plants, due largely to a lack of

Author : Rodney A. Savidge,J. R. Barnett,Richard Napier
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 1859961231

Get Book

Cell and Molecular Biology of Wood Formation by Rodney A. Savidge,J. R. Barnett,Richard Napier Pdf

The application of modern molecular biology techniques is providing new insight into wood formation and the seasonal nature of secondary growth in perennial woody plant species. Extensively illustrated, this new book provides a comprehensive and critical overview of current understanding about the biology of wood formation, with a focus on the development, regulation and biochemistry of cambial growth supplemented by additional considerations of the fundamental factors determining forest productivity, wood quality and heartwood formation.

Author : John Barnett,George Jeronimidis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2009-02-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781405147811

Get Book

Wood Quality and its Biological Basis by John Barnett,George Jeronimidis Pdf

Wood is the most versatile raw material available to man. It isburned as fuel, shaped into utensils, used as a structuralengineering material, converted into fibres for paper production,and put to newer uses as a source of industrial chemicals. Its quality results largely from the chemical and physicalstructure of the cell walls of its component fibres, which can bemodified in nature as the tree responds to physical environmentalstresses. Internal stresses can accumulate, which are releasedcatastrophically when the tree is felled, often rendering thetimber useless. The quality of timber as an engineering materialalso depends on the structure of the wood and the way in which ithas developed in the living tree. Tree improvement for quality cannot be carried out without anunderstanding of the biological basis underlying wood formation andstructure. This volume brings together the viewpoints of bothbiologists and physical scientists, covering the spectrum from theformation of wood to its structure and properties, and relatingthese properties to industrial use. This is a volume for researchers and professionals in plantphysiology, molecular biology and biochemistry.

Author : Nigel J. Chaffey
Publisher : Harwood Academic Publishers
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9058231704

Get Book

Wood Formation in Trees by Nigel J. Chaffey Pdf

Author : Shain-Dow Kung,Shang-Fa Yang
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 981023547X

Get Book

Discoveries in Plant Biology by Shain-Dow Kung,Shang-Fa Yang Pdf

"the book is a valuable source of information and reference and may also inspire young researchers on how to advance their own field of plant science. This discovery book, which is recommended to a wide readership from advanced students to the established scientists, should be present in all central libraries and all libraries of plant biology institutions".Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000

Author : William V. Dashek
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351082938

Get Book

Methods in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by William V. Dashek Pdf

Modern plant science research currently integrates biochemistry and molecular biology. This book highlights recent trends in plant biotechnology and molecular genetics, serving as a working manual for scientists in academic, industrial, and federal laboratories. A wide variety of authors have contributed to this book, reflecting the thinking and expertise of active investigators who generate advances in technology. The authors were selected especially for their ability to create and/or implement novel research methods.

Author : Takayoshi Higuchi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 696 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780323143288

Get Book

Biosynthesis and biodegradation of wood components by Takayoshi Higuchi Pdf

Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components is a comprehensive account of the biosynthesis and biodegradation of wood and wood components. Topics covered range from the localization of polysaccharides and lignins in wood cell walls to the metabolism and synthetic function of cambial tissue, along with the function of cell organelles in the biosynthesis of cell wall components. The biosynthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides is also discussed. This book is comprised of 22 chapters and begins with an overview of the structure of wood, with emphasis on three aspects of sections of wood: the cross or transverse section, the tangential section, and the radial section or face. The following chapters deal with the structure and chemistry of the major components of wood cell walls; the metabolism and synthetic function of cambial tissue; the function of organelles involved in biosynthesis; and the biosynthesis both of the major cell wall components of wood (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignins) and of wood extractives. The microbial degradation of cell wall components and aromatic extractives of wood is also considered, together with the microorganisms involved in lignin biodegradation as well as the physiology and biochemistry of degradation by white-rot fungi. This monograph will be of interest to biochemists as well as students and researchers in biochemistry.

Author : John W. Rowe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1275 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642740756

Get Book

Natural Products of Woody Plants by John W. Rowe Pdf

Wood as found in trees and bushes was of primary importance to ancient humans in their struggle to control their environment. Subsequent evolution through the Bronze and Iron Ages up to our present technologically advanced society has hardly diminished the importance of wood. Today, its role as a source of paper products, furniture, building materials, and fuel is still of major significance. Wood consists of a mixture of polymers, often referred to as lignocellulose. The cellulose micro fibrils consist of an immensely strong, linear polymer of glucose. They are associated with smaller, more complex polymers composed of various sugars called hemicelluloses. These polysaccharides are embedded in an amorphous phenylpropane polymer, lignin, creating a remarkably strong com posite structure, the lignocellulosic cell wall. Wood also contains materials that are largely extraneous to this lignocellulosic cell wall. These extracellular substances can range from less than 1070 to about 35% of the dry weight of the wood, but the usual range is 2% -10%. Among these components are the mineral constituents, salts of calcium, potassium, sodium, and other metals, particularly those present in the soil where the tree is growing. Some of the extraneous components of wood are too insoluble to be ex tracted by inert solvents and remain to give extractive-free wood its color; very often these are high-molecular-weight polyphenolics.

Author : William V. Dashek
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 477 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351091381

Get Book

Methods in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by William V. Dashek Pdf

Modern plant science research currently integrates biochemistry and molecular biology. This book highlights recent trends in plant biotechnology and molecular genetics, serving as a working manual for scientists in academic, industrial, and federal laboratories. A wide variety of authors have contributed to this book, reflecting the thinking and expertise of active investigators who generate advances in technology. The authors were selected especially for their ability to create and/or implement novel research methods.

Author : S.M. Jain,S.C. Minocha
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0792360125

Get Book

Molecular Biology of Woody Plants by S.M. Jain,S.C. Minocha Pdf

This two-volume book gives a broad coverage of various aspects of plant molecular biology relevant to the improvement of woody plants. The authors provide background information on genetic engineering and molecular marker techniques, and specific examples of species in which sufficient progress has been made.

Author : Steve J. Higgins,Anthony John Turner,Edward J. Wood
Publisher : Longman Scientific and Technical
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Alm
ISBN : 0470221488

Get Book

Biochemistry for the Medical Sciences by Steve J. Higgins,Anthony John Turner,Edward J. Wood Pdf

Shows students how biochemistry and molecular biology are used to solve real problems, and encourages them to do their own detective work. In this way biochemistry is brought to life and students are able to integrate factual knowledge to form diagnosis and management strategies.

Author : Anastasia Pournou
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-27
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783030465049

Get Book

Biodeterioration of Wooden Cultural Heritage by Anastasia Pournou Pdf

Since prehistoric times and throughout the course of human evolution, wood has been an integral part of all civilizations. Wooden Cultural Heritage can be found worldwide, providing valuable information on the social and economic context of human history. Nonetheless, as a natural cellulosic material, wood shows low resistance to biodeterioration and thus wooden Cultural Heritage often fails to escape decomposition in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the biodeterioration of wooden Cultural Heritage and describes the decay mechanisms of key organisms and microorganisms encountered in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Cultural Heritage professionals, researchers and academics may explore within this book the associations between deteriogens, habitats and decay, which will assist them to understand wood biodeterioration and design effective prevention, mitigation and remediation strategies. The book presents case studies around the world to demonstrate the impact of biogenic deterioration on wooden Cultural Heritage and illustrates mechanisms and patterns in order to be a useful handbook of decay diagnosis. Lastly, by adopting a holistic approach to wood decay, basic concepts of wood technology, ecology, and deteriogens' biology are introduced, permitting readers of different scientific backgrounds to easily comprehend wood biodeterioration.

Author : Satu Huttunen,Hannele Heikkilä,Jürg Bucher,Björn Sundberg,Paul Jarvis,R. Matyssek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401598033

Get Book

Trends in European Forest Tree Physiology Research by Satu Huttunen,Hannele Heikkilä,Jürg Bucher,Björn Sundberg,Paul Jarvis,R. Matyssek Pdf

The increasing con'. ;ern for the serious problems of forest decline that occurred in the Northern Hemisphere in the late 1970's and early 1980 's led to an emphasis on the necessity of promoting and setting up investigations into the basic physiological mechanisms of forest trees. Since then, the concern about rapid changes has decreased along with the increase of monitored data on European forests health status. But tree physiology has faced new questions about changing climate and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Advances in plant molecular biology and forest genetics have opened up new avenues in the research on forest tree physiology. At the same, time it has become evident that molecular and genetic tools give only a basis for further research on tree structure and function, which needs basic tree physiology again. On the other hand, the problems of forest decline in Europe are not over. They are no longer discussed daily in the media, but stress is an everyday phenomenon experienced by European forest trees. For instance, in southern Europe and mountainous regions, drought stress and many other abiotic or biotic factors are stressors and cause problems to forests with many important social and protective functions. Stress physiology is a branch of everyday physiology in traditional forestry. How to grow a forest with maximal carbon binding functions and optimal wood quality and rich in biodiversity.

Author : Andrew J. Wood,Melvin J. Oliver,David J. Cove
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780306485688

Get Book

New Frontiers in Bryology by Andrew J. Wood,Melvin J. Oliver,David J. Cove Pdf

The mosses (Bryophatea, Musci) are a diverse and widely distributed group of land plants. Mosses are attractive experimental plants because they exhibit the traditional attributes of good model systems (Le. ease of growth & maintenance, fast generation time, and amenable genetics) with the added advantage of a haploid gametophyte that allowed developmental mutants to be recovered with relative ease. In addition, mosses with the ability to tolerate extreme environmental conditions offer realistic models for the analysis of environmental stress-tolerance; particularly when compared to tracheophytes such as Arabidopsis thaliana in which these important plant phenotypes are either not clearly expressed or entirely lacking. And, in one of the most exciting developments in Plant Biology, efficient homologous recombination occurs in the moss Physcomitrella patens. The ability to perform efficient homologous recombination (Le. gene knock-outs) in P. patens is at present unique amongst all plants and represents an extremely powerful technique for the functional analysis of many plant genes. Over the past 5 years, a world-wide community of moss researchers has evolved. A highly successful "Moss" conference has been held annually (l998-Mumbai, India; 1999-Carbondale, IL, USA; 2000-Villars, Switzerland; 200l-0kazaki, Japan; 2002-Ambleside, UK; 2003-St. Louis, MO, USA) with "Moss 2004" planned to be held in Frieburg Germany. These conferences have been instrumental in the creation & development of strong collaborative ties, and the free exchange of both ideas and materials.