Biochemistry Of Halogenated Organic Compounds

Author : Kenneth L. Kirk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781475746051

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Biochemistry of Halogenated Organic Compounds by Kenneth L. Kirk Pdf

Biochemistry of Halogenated Organic Compounds has been written as a general reference source for researchers in several related areas, including organic chemists, medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, and medical researchers. The development of halogenated compounds as medicinal agents and pharmacological tools and the fascinating biochemi cal processes that have been discovered and studied using these analogues have generated extremely active areas of research and an enormous volume of literature. Thus, halogenated organic compounds pervade every aspect of biochemistry, a fact made apparent by the numerous reviews and monographs available on individual topics-halogenated nucleosides, halogenated carbohydrates, and so forth. Given the quantity of material already written on these topics, some of which material is quite current, it might be asked whether a one-volume review of these subjects is useful, or possible. Having now completed this work, I feel the answer to both questions is an emphatic yes. There are fascinating stories to be related in each area, and, where appropriate, I have attempted to develop these topics . from a historical perspective. For example, the discovery of the anticancer activity of fluorouracil, the unraveling of the several mechanisms of its action, and the development of a host of later generations of anticancer and antiviral agents based on the parent fluoro-, iodo-, bromo-, and trifluoromethylpyrimidines were, and are, contributions of major magnitude to medical science.

Author : Max M. Häggblom,Ingeborg D. Bossert
Publisher : Springer
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 1475778066

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Dehalogenation by Max M. Häggblom,Ingeborg D. Bossert Pdf

Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.

Author : Kenneth L. Kirk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468458176

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Biochemistry of the Elemental Halogens and Inorganic Halides by Kenneth L. Kirk Pdf

The elements in group 17 (VIlA) of the periodic table of elements-fluorine (F), chlorine (CI), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)-were designated by Berzelius as "halogens" (Greek hals, sea salt; gennao, I beget) because of their propensity to form salts. In this first of the two volumes of Bio chemistry of the Halogens, the biochemistry of the elemental halogens and inorganic halides is reviewed. Discovery, properties, and biochemistry of the elemental halogens are reviewed first (Chapter 1). This is followed by a review of the developments in the various areas of inorganic halide biochemistry (Chapters 2 through 5). The biochemistry of thyroid hor mones is considered in Chapter 6, while biohalogenation, an important link between inorganic and organic halogen biochemistry, is reviewed in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 covers the biochemistry of products produced by human-inspired halogenation, in particular, poly halogenated compounds that present environmental problems. In Chapter 9, the process is reversed and biodehalogenation is reviewed. In each subject, the attempt has been made to find an appropriate balance between depth and breadth of treatment, since a thorough, in depth review of this field would not be possible in a single volume. To provide readers not familiar with subjects with the necessary background to place subsequent discussions in perspective, brief historical develop ments of many of the topics are given.

Author : E. H. Rodd
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0444422366

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Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds by E. H. Rodd Pdf

Author : Ghulam Ghaus Choudhry,O. Hutzinger
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Science
ISBN : 0677061307

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Mechanistic Aspects of the Thermal Formation of Halogenated Organic Compounds Including Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins by Ghulam Ghaus Choudhry,O. Hutzinger Pdf

Author : Max M. Häggblom,Ingeborg D. Bossert
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306480119

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Dehalogenation by Max M. Häggblom,Ingeborg D. Bossert Pdf

Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.

Author : Anders Grimvall,Ed W.B. de Leer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401100618

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Naturally-Produced Organohalogens by Anders Grimvall,Ed W.B. de Leer Pdf

Should the production and use of chlorine and all chlorinated organic compounds be halted, in view of their adverse effects on the environment and human health? Those in favour argue that certain chlorinated compounds (PCBs, DDT, CFCs, etc.) have large negative environmental effects. The use of chlorine in disinfectants leads to the production of chloroform, while bulk products (PVC) contribute to the production of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans when they are burned. Those against argue that chlorine and many chlorinated compounds are essential in the control of human health (the prevention of disease transmitted through drinking water that has not been disinfected), and that chlorinated compounds are indispensable intermediates in many production processes, representing a vast economic value. But such discussions often ignore the fact that Nature contributes significantly to the production of chlorinated organic compounds. More than 1000 such compounds are known, and their contribution to the biogeochemical cycling of chlorine is underestimated. Chlorine is organically bound in large quantities to humic materials, and natural production mechanisms are known for low molecular weight compounds (methyl chloride, chloroform, chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans). The role of these compounds in the environment is largely unknown. Naturally-Produced Organohalogens gives a complete overview of the present state of knowledge on the subject, giving a much needed balance to the argument sketched out above.

Author : Berit Olofsson,Ilan Marek,Zvi Rappoport
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1068 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119352303

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The Chemistry of Hypervalent Halogen Compounds, 2 Volume Set by Berit Olofsson,Ilan Marek,Zvi Rappoport Pdf

The understanding of functional groups is the key to understanding organic chemistry. In the tradition of Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups each volume treats all aspects of functional groups, touching on theoretical, analytical, synthetic, biological, and industrial aspects. Hypervalent halogen compounds, in particular iodine compounds, are very efficient and selective oxidants which tolerate a wide range of functional groups. The electrophilic properties of these reagents can also be used to introduce other functionalizations. The present volume is the first in the series to survey the properties and chemical behaviour of hypervalent iodine and bromine, their use in organic synthesis, as well as their industrial application. As with all new volumes, the chapters are first published online in Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups. Once a volume is completed online, it is then published in print format. The printed book offers the traditional quality of the Patai Book Series, complete with an extensive index.

Author : Jernej Iskra,Alicia Decker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642251023

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Halogenated Heterocycles by Jernej Iskra,Alicia Decker Pdf

This book explores topics in Heterocyclic chemistry, including Perfluoroheteroaromatic Chemistry; Monofluorinated Heterocycles; Synthesis of beta-Halofurans; Halogenated Heterocycles as Pharmaceuticals; Green Methods in Halogenation of Heterocycles and more.

Author : Peter Bernard David De la Mare
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1976-08-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521290147

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Electrophilic Halogenation by Peter Bernard David De la Mare Pdf

This 1976 book shows how those halogenations involving the whole gamut of unsaturated organic molecules can be linked.

Author : Gordon W. Gribble
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2009-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783211993231

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Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds - A Comprehensive Update by Gordon W. Gribble Pdf

Despite the long association of organohalogen compounds with human activities, nature is the producer of nearly 5,000 halogen-containing chemicals. Once dismissed as accidents of nature or isolation artifacts, organohalogen compounds represent an important and ever growing class of natural products, in many cases exhibiting exceptional biological activity. Since the last comprehensive review in 1996 (Vol. 68, this series), there have been discovered an additional 2,500 organochlorine, organobromine, and other organohalogen compounds. These natural organohalogens are biosynthesized by bacteria, fungi, lichen, plants, marine organisms of all types, insects, and higher animals including humans. These compounds are also formed abiogenically, as in volcanoes, forest fires, and other geothermal events.In some instances, natural organohalogens are precisely the same chemicals that man synthesizes for industrial use, and some of the quantities of these natural chemicals far exceed the quantities emitted by man.

Author : Saul L. Neidleman,John Geigert
Publisher : Ellis Horwood
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Biochemistry
ISBN : UCSD:31822002095289

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Biohalogenation by Saul L. Neidleman,John Geigert Pdf

Author : R. W. Hanson
Publisher : Hodder Arnold
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Science
ISBN : 071313500X

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Essentials of Bio-organic Chemistry by R. W. Hanson Pdf

Boding in organic compouds; Chemical reactions; Alkanes, the double bond and the aromatic nucleus; Functional groups of the type C-X, halogeno, hydroxy, mercapto and amino compounds; Functional groups of the type C=X; Stereochemistry; Ensymes; Co-ensymes.

Author : Sir Derek Barton,Derek Barton,Edwin Haslam,W. David Ollis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1230 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Chemistry, Organic
ISBN : UCSD:31822006848246

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Comprehensive Organic Chemistry by Sir Derek Barton,Derek Barton,Edwin Haslam,W. David Ollis Pdf

Author : Richard D. Chambers
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Science
ISBN : 0849317908

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Fluorine in Organic Chemistry by Richard D. Chambers Pdf

The introduction of carbon-fluorine bonds into organic compounds can profoundly influence their chemical and physical properties when compared to their non-fluorine-containing analogues, leading to a range of man-made materials with highly desirable properties. These molecules are of interest across the wide spectrum of industrial and academic organic chemistry, from pharmaceuticals, through fine and specialty chemicals to polymers. From Prozac to Teflon, many of the most important products of the chemical and life-science industries rely on organic fluorine chemistry for their useful properties. This book covers both the preparative methodologies and chemical properties of partially and highly fluorinated organic systems.