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Biodegradation is a key phenomen among environmental processes. Low degradation rates lead to the persistence of chemicals in the environment and, as a consequence, to delayed or long-term effects, which may be even unknown by now. In this volume the editor has pulled together the newest results of research in biodegradation and persistence of potential environmentally harmful substances and the complex process involved. The main focus is on the microbial degradation, the evolution and predictability of the respective pathways and their impact on bioremediation. Additional chapters deal with sewage treatment plants, the impact of toxicants on impaired biodegradation, and with the need of a more realistic view on fate and behaviour of chemicals in the environment.
Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances by Walter Klöpffer,Burkhard O. Wagner Pdf
This compilation on the degradation of 1,100 commercially important chemical products is the first publication to make this knowledge publicly accessible in one book. The data and annotations have been painstakingly assembled over a 10-year period in a collaboration between academia and regulatory authorities. The work explains in detail the methods, including computational ones, for the environmental assessment of volatile and semi-volatile substances, and is rounded off with data tables of degradation rates. A key resource for manufacturers and regulators of such substances.
Biodegradation of Pesticides by Fumio Matsumura Pdf
When first developed, chlorinated pesticides such as DDT, dieldrin, and mirex were received with open arms, quickly becoming popular as effective, economic agents against pests. But evidence began to mount that residues of these chemicals remained in the environment, not breaking down, often appearing in plants and animals. By the late seventies many pesticides had achieved a terrible notoriety and were subsequently banned in a number of countries. Of tremendous concern, then, is the persistence of pesticides in the environment. The major thrust of research and development in the area of pesticides has properly been the creation of substances that are both effective and degradable. Yet in order to successfully promote the use of biodegradable pesticides, one must fully understand the mechanism of degradation, and it is to this vital subject that we address ourselves in the present volume. According to the Biodegradation Task Force, Safety of Chemicals Com mittee, Brussels (1978), biodegradation may be defined as the molecular degradation of an organic substance resulting from the complex action of living organisms. A substance is said to be biodegraded to an environmentally acceptable extent when environmentally undesirable properties are lost. Loss of some characteristic function or property of substance by biodegradation may be referred to as biological transformation.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation by Martin Alexander Pdf
Alexander presents the basic principles of biodegradation and how these principles relate to bioremediation. All the subject's microbiological, chemical, toxicological, environmental, engineering and technological aspects are covered.
Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment by Alasdair H. Neilson Pdf
"Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment draws from the author's experience with a variety of problems dealing with the fate, distribution, and toxicity of organic compounds in the aquatic environment. It discusses the basic issues of chemical analysis, distribution, persistence, and ecotoxicology, with an emphasis on microbial reactions. The necessary input and the difficulties of achieving a rigorous synthesis of the various elements are illustrated with specific examples. The book includes a wide range of structurally diverse compounds as illustration and presents a mechanistic approach to biodegradation and biotransformation. The final chapter addresses the issue of environmental hazard assessment and constructs a strategy for carrying it out."--Provided by publisher.
Managing and Mining Uncertain Data by Charu C. Aggarwal Pdf
Managing and Mining Uncertain Data, a survey with chapters by a variety of well known researchers in the data mining field, presents the most recent models, algorithms, and applications in the uncertain data mining field in a structured and concise way. This book is organized to make it more accessible to applications-driven practitioners for solving real problems. Also, given the lack of structurally organized information on this topic, Managing and Mining Uncertain Data provides insights which are not easily accessible elsewhere. Managing and Mining Uncertain Data is designed for a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a reference book for advanced-level students in computer science and engineering, as well as the ACM, IEEE, SIAM, INFORMS and AAAI Society groups.
Marine Anthropogenic Litter by Melanie Bergmann,Lars Gutow,Michael Klages Pdf
This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Biodegradable Polymers in the Circular Plastics Economy by Michiel Dusselier,Jean-Paul Lange Pdf
Biodegradable Polymers in the Circular Plastics Economy A comprehensive overview of the burgeoning field of biodegradable plastics As the lasting impact of humanity’s reliance on plastics comes into focus, scholars have begun to seek out solutions to plastic litter. In Biodegradable Polymers in the Circular Plastics Economy, an accomplished team of researchers delivers a focused guide (1) to understand plastic degradation and its role in waste hierarchy besides recycling, and (2) to create and use biodegradable plastics where appropriate. Created preferably from renewable resources, these eco-friendly polymers provide an opportunity to create sustainable and lasting solutions to the growing plastic-driven pollution problem. The broad approach to this handbook allows the authors to cover all aspects of these emerging materials, ranging from the problems present in the current plastics cycle, to the differences in type, production, and chemistry available within these systems, to end-of-life via recycling or degradation, and to life-cycle assessments. It also delves into potential commercial and policy issues to be addressed to successfully deploy this technology. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to biodegradable polymers, focusing not only on the scientific aspects, but also addressing the larger political, commercial, and consumer concerns Mechanisms of biodegradation and the environmental impact of persistent polymers An in-depth discussion of degradable/hydrolysable polyesters, polysaccharides, lignin-based polymers, and vitrimers Management of plastic waste and life cycle assessment of bio-based plastics Biodegradable Polymers in the Circular Plastics Economy is the perfect overview of this complicated but essential research field and will appeal to polymer chemists, environmental chemists, chemical engineers, and bioengineers in academia and industry. The book is intended as a step towards a circular plastics economy that relies heavily on degradable plastics to sustain it.
Pesticide Chemistry: Human Welfare and the Environment by J. Miyamoto,P. C. Kearney,R. Greenhalgh Pdf
Pesticide Chemistry: Human Welfare and the Environment, Volume 4: Pesticide Residues and Formulation Chemistry covers the proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry. The book covers research topics that tackle both improved agricultural production and public health concerns. The papers presented in this volume are organized into two parts. The first part tackles pesticide residues and methodology, which includes analysis of xenobiotics in air; pesticides residues in soil and water; and schematic flow diagram for pesticide analysis. The second part covers formulation chemistry, such as formation of drift and basic considerations for its reduction; the effects of adjuvants on biological activity of herbicides; and effect of formulation on vapor transfer. The book will be of great interest to professionals and researchers whose work involves pesticides.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation by Blaise Lindsey Pdf
Biodegradation is the break down of organic matter by microbes. Bioremediation is an engineered technique applied by people to clean up organic matter by helping microbes with the biodegradation process. One way of doing that is to introduce oxygen into the subsurface to help more aerobic microbes grow in order to clean up oil in the soil.The potential toxicity (harmful action) inherent in a substance is manifest only when that substance comes in contact with that susceptible living biological system. A chemical normally thought of as "e;harmless"e; will evoke a toxic response if added to a biological system in sufficient amount. The toxic potency of a chemicals is defined by the relationship between dose (the amount) of the chemical and the response that is produced in a biological system. The toxicity of industrial wastes is not often managed and it has caused serious damage to earth and water. The most important aspect of environmental biotechnology is the effective management of hazardous and toxic pollutants (xenobiotics) by bioremediation. The environmental clean-up process through bioremediation can be achieved in two ways-in situ and ex situ bioremediation. The book aims to provide relevant theoretical and practical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in this area, along with case studies. It is written for students, academicians and industry professionals who want to improve their understanding of the strategic role of biodegradation and bioremediation at different levels of the biodegradation and bioremediation research and knowledge, that is, heavy metal pollution, toxicity, remediation methods and strategies to manage the waste in industries, which are a global concern.
Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment by Wayne G. Landis Pdf
The latest volume in the series on aquatic toxicology reflects the increasing emphasis on the development of new techniques to examine the molecular and cellular effects of toxicants. The 25 papers provide information on sediment toxicity and bioavailability, comparative toxicity and mechanisms, sub
Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products by Nava Dayan,Lambros Kromidas Pdf
Balanced coverage of natural cosmetics, and what it really means to be "green" The use of natural ingredients and functional botanical compounds in cosmetic products is on the rise. According to industry estimates, sales of natural personal care products have exceeded $7 billion in recent years. Nonetheless, many misconceptions about natural products for instance, what "green" and "organic" really mean continue to exist within the industry. Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products addresses this confusion head-on, exploring and detailing the sources, processing, safety, efficacy, stability, and formulation aspects of natural compounds in cosmetic and personal care products. Designed to provide industry professionals and natural product development experts with the essential perspective and market information needed to develop truly "green" cosmetics, the book covers timely issues like biodegradable packaging and the potential microbial risks they present, the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to identify biomarkers, and chromatographic methods of analyzing natural products. A must-read for industry insiders, Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products provides the reader with basic tools and concepts to develop naturally derived formulas.
Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction by C.J. van Leeuwen,T.G. Vermeire Pdf
At last – a second edition of this hugely important text that reflects the progress and experience gained in the last decade and aims at providing background and training material for a new generation of risk assessors. The authors offer an introduction to risk assessment of chemicals as well as basic background information on sources, emissions, distribution and fate processes for the estimation of exposure of plant and animal species in the environment and humans exposed via the environment, consumer products, and at the workplace. The coverage describes the basic principles and methods of risk assessment within their legislative frameworks (EU, USA, Japan and Canada).
Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants by Kassio Ferreira Mendes,Rodrigo De Sousa,Kamila Cabral Mielke Pdf
Bioremediation technologies for environments contaminated by organic and inorganic pollutants are a major focus of researchers and scientists worldwide. The chemical control of agricultural pests and advocacy for sustainable agriculture have led to the development of new paradigms in environmental remediation. This book covers recent advances in the bioremediation technology of organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment.
