Bioethical And Ethical Issues Surrounding The Trials And Code Of Nuremberg

Author : Jacques J. Rozenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Antisemitism
ISBN : UOM:39015061745413

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Bioethical and Ethical Issues Surrounding the Trials and Code of Nuremberg by Jacques J. Rozenberg Pdf

Interdisciplinary essays on the ethical issues which encompassed the trials and Code of Nuremberg have been collated from researchers from various countries in fields as diverse as medicine, bioethics, psychoanalysis, history, philosophy, Jewish thought, law, and ethics. The book focuses on five main areas: the juridical originality of the Nuremberg trials; the scientific, epistemological, and psychoanalytic backgrounds of racism and anti-Semitism; the biomedical and bioethical issues of the Nuremberg Code; a post-Nuremberg historical, ethical, and philosophical study of the notion of a 'crime against humanity'; and the Jewish perspective on purity, impurity, race, and the universal ethical expectations of mankind. The goal of the interdisciplinary study is to outline the necessary components of a bridge between science ethics, and ethics and law.

Author : Jacques J. Rozenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Antisemitism
ISBN : STANFORD:36105063592757

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Bioethical and Ethical Issues Surrounding the Trials and Code of Nuremberg by Jacques J. Rozenberg Pdf

Interdisciplinary essays on the ethical issues which encompassed the trials and Code of Nuremberg have been collated from researchers from various countries in fields as diverse as medicine, bioethics, psychoanalysis, history, philosophy, Jewish thought, law, and ethics. The book focuses on five main areas: the juridical originality of the Nuremberg trials; the scientific, epistemological, and psychoanalytic backgrounds of racism and anti-Semitism; the biomedical and bioethical issues of the Nuremberg Code; a post-Nuremberg historical, ethical, and philosophical study of the notion of a 'crime against humanity'; and the Jewish perspective on purity, impurity, race, and the universal ethical expectations of mankind. The goal of the interdisciplinary study is to outline the necessary components of a bridge between science ethics, and ethics and law.

Author : George J. Annas Edward R. Utley Professor of Health Law,Medicine Michael A. Grodin Associate Professor of Philosophy and Associate Director of Law, and Ethics Program both of the Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1992-05-07
Category : History
ISBN : 0199772266

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The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code : Human Rights in Human Experimentation by George J. Annas Edward R. Utley Professor of Health Law,Medicine Michael A. Grodin Associate Professor of Philosophy and Associate Director of Law, and Ethics Program both of the Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health Pdf

The atrocities committed by Nazi physicians and researchers during World War II prompted the development of the Nuremberg Code to define the ethics of modern medical experimentation utilizing human subjects. Since its enunciation, the Code has been viewed as one of the cornerstones of modern bioethical thought. The sources and ramifications of this important document are thoroughly discussed in this book by a distinguished roster of contemporary professionals from the fields of history, philosophy, medicine, and law. Contributors also include the chief prosecutor of the Nuremberg Military Tribunal and a moving account by a survivor of the Mengele Twin Experiments. The book sheds light on keenly debated issues of both science and jurisprudence, including the ethics of human experimentation; the doctrine of informed consent; and the Code's impact on today's international human rights agenda. The historical setting of the Code's creation, some modern parallels, and the current attitude of German physicians toward the crimes of the Nazi era, are discussed in early chapters. The book progresses to a powerful account of the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg, its resulting verdict, and the Code's development. The Code's contemporary influence on both American and international law is examined in its historical context and discussed in terms of its universality: are the foundational ethics of the Code as valid today as when it was originally penned? The editors conclude with a chapter on foreseeable future developments and a proposal for an international covenant on human experimentation enforced by an international court. A major work in medical law and ethics, this volume provides stimulating, provocative reading for physicians, legal professionals, bioethicists, historians, biomedical researchers, and concerned laypersons.

Author : United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Medical
ISBN : IND:30000080377165

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Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research by United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission Pdf

Author : Ulrich Tröhler,Stella Reiter-Theil,Eckhard Herych
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 677 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429814310

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Ethics Codes in Medicine by Ulrich Tröhler,Stella Reiter-Theil,Eckhard Herych Pdf

First published in 1998, this volume considers the Nuremberg Code in light of new ethical grey areas which have become evident due to recent scientific advancements, particularly the questions of DNA and cloning. The contributors reflect in 26 articles on the impact of the Code, events which prompted it including Japan, and more recent ethical issues raised. The book contains the results of two European/American preparatory workshops for the First World Conference on Ethics Codes in Medicine and Biotechnology (October 1997 Freiburg, Germany) supported by the leading national institutions in the field. It aims to stimulate research about codes, the effects of codification and other forms of implementing ethics. It breaks new ground with interdisciplinary and international discourse on the subject, emphasising the need for a complete collection of codes for systematic research and evaluation and filling the gap in literature on the subject to date.

Author : United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Clinical trials
ISBN : PURD:32754070203355

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Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Commissioned papers and staff analysis by United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission Pdf

Author : United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Clinical trials
ISBN : 1931022135

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Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research by United States. National Bioethics Advisory Commission Pdf

Author : Henk ten Have,Maria do Céu Patrão Neves
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1063 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030541613

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Dictionary of Global Bioethics by Henk ten Have,Maria do Céu Patrão Neves Pdf

This Dictionary presents a broad range of topics relevant in present-day global bioethics. With more than 500 entries, this dictionary covers organizations working in the field of global bioethics, international documents concerning bioethics, personalities that have played a role in the development of global bioethics, as well as specific topics in the field.The book is not only useful for students and professionals in global health activities, but can also serve as a basic tool that explains relevant ethical notions and terms. The dictionary furthers the ideals of cosmopolitanism: solidarity, equality, respect for difference and concern with what human beings- and specifically patients - have in common, regardless of their backgrounds, hometowns, religions, gender, etc. Global problems such as pandemic diseases, disasters, lack of care and medication, homelessness and displacement call for global responses.This book demonstrates that a moral vision of global health is necessary and it helps to quickly understand the basic ideas of global bioethics.

Author : Ulf Schmidt,Andreas Frewer,Dominique Sprumont
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190093440

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Ethical Research by Ulf Schmidt,Andreas Frewer,Dominique Sprumont Pdf

At the heart of research with human beings is the moral notion that the experimental subject is altruistic, and is primarily concerned for the welfare of others. Beneath the surface, however, lies a very different ethical picture. Individuals participating in potentially life-saving research sometimes take on considerable risks to their own well-being. Efforts to safeguard human participants in clinical trials have intensified ever since the first version of the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and are now codified in many national and international laws and regulations. However, a comprehensive understanding of how this cornerstone document originated, changed, and functions today does not yet exist in the sphere of human research. Ethical Research brings together the work of leading experts from the fields of bioethics, health and medical law, the medical humanities, biomedicine, the medical sciences, philosophy, and history. Together, they focus on the centrality of the Declaration of Helsinki to the protection of human subjects involved in experimentation in an increasingly complex industry and in the government-funded global research environment. The volume's historical and contemporary perspectives on human research address a series of fundamental questions: Is our current human protection regime adequately equipped to deal with new ethical challenges resulting from advances in high-tech biomedical science? How important has the Declaration been in non-Western regions, for example in Eastern Europe, Africa, China, and South America? Why has the bureaucratization of regulation led to calls to pay greater attention to professional responsibility? Ethical Research offers insight into the way in which philosophy, politics, economics, law, science, culture, and society have shaped, and continue to shape, the ideas and practices of human research.

Author : Ulf Schmidt
Publisher : Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105122438984

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History and Theory of Human Experimentation by Ulf Schmidt Pdf

Despite having been revised and criticised over the years, the Declaration of Helsinki remains one of the most important and internationally known ethics codes worldwide. Yet we know relatively little about its historical origins or about the prolonged revision process which accompanied this "living document". The chapters presented in this volume look at the history and theory of human experimentation, assess the role of the Helsinki Declaration in an international context, and illustrate specific issues about the history and practice of research ethics through a number of case studies in the United States, Asia and Europe. To this day, the Declaration is one of the most important landmarks in human subject research which is aimed at protecting experimental subjects in society. The current volume offers a better and historically-informed understanding of the Declaration to ensure that the existing safeguards are not only preserved but developed and improved in the future. Die 1964 veroffentlichte Deklaration zu Helsinki ist einer der wichtigsten und international bekanntesten Kodizes zur Forschungsethik, dessen Entstehungsgeschichte von steter Kritik und zahlreichen Uberarbeitungen begleitet wurde. Dennoch weiss man relativ wenig uber die historischen Wurzeln und Novellierungsprozesse dieses "gewachsenen Dokuments" der Medizingeschichte. Bis zum heutigen Tag ist die Deklaration einer der bedeutendsten Wegweiser fur die Forschung am Menschen, deren grundsatzliches Ziel es ist, Versuchspersonen in medizinischen Experimenten zu schutzen. Der Band beleuchtet Geschichte und Theorie der Experimente am Menschen, untersucht die Rolle der Deklaration im internationalen Kontext und illustriert spezifische Themen zur Geschichte und Praxis der Forschungsethik anhand von Fallstudien zu den USA, Asien und Europa. Ausserdem geben die Studien Einblick in die Entstehungsgeschichte der Deklaration - nicht nur um die bestehenden Standards zum Schutz von Versuchspersonen zu bewahren, sondern auch um diese zukunftig weiterzuentwickeln und zu verbessern. Aus dem Inhalt Ulf Schmidt / Andreas Frewer: History and Ehtics of Human Experimentation: the Twisted Road to Helsinki. An Introduction History and Theory of Medical Research Ethics Ulrich Trohler: The Long Road of Moral Concern: Doctors' Ethos and Statute Law Relating to Human Research in Europe Dietrich von Engelhardt: The Historical and Philosophical Background of Ethics in Clinical Research Ulf Schmidt: The Nuremberg Doctors' Trial and the Nuremberg Code Till Barnighausen: Communicating "Tainted Science" The Japanese Biological Warfare Experiments on Human Subjects in China The Helsinki Declaration in an International Context Susan E. Lederer: Research Without Borders: The Origins of the Declaration of Helsinki Povl Riis: Forty Years of the Declaration of Helsinki: Progress in Medical Ethics? Kati Myllymaki: Revising the Declaration of Helsinki: An Insiders' View Robert Carlson / Kenneth Boyd / David Webb: The Interpretation of Codes of Medical Ethics: Some Lessons from the Fifth Revision of the Declaration of Helsinki David Willcox: Medical Ethics and Public Perception: The Declaration of Helsinki and its Revisions in 2000 Dominique Sprumont / Sara Girardin / Trudo Lemmens: The Helsinki Declaration and the Law: An International and Comparative Analysis History and Ethics of Research - International Perspectives Andreas Frewer: History of Medicine and Ethics in Conflict: Research on National Socialism as Moral Problem Ulf Schmidt: Medical Ethics and Human Experiments at Porton Down: Informed Consent in Britain's Biological and Chemical Warfare Experiments John Williams: The Declaration of Helsinki. The Importance of Context Jonathan D. Moreno: Helsinki into the Future. An Epilogue Key Documents on the History of Research Ethics Circular of the Reich Minister of the Interior Concerning Guidelines for New Therapy and Human Experimentation (Berlin, 1931) - The Nuremberg Code (1947) - World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki I (1964) - World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki II (Tokyo, 1975) - Council of Europe: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) - World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki (2004)

Author : Committee on Evaluation of 1950s Air Force Human Health Testing in Alaska Using Radioactive Iodine-131,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Commission on Life Sciences,Polar Research Board,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute of Medicine,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1996-02-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309588843

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The Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory's Thyroid Function Study by Committee on Evaluation of 1950s Air Force Human Health Testing in Alaska Using Radioactive Iodine-131,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Commission on Life Sciences,Polar Research Board,Board on Radiation Effects Research,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute of Medicine,National Research Council Pdf

During the 1950s, with the Cold War looming, military planners sought to know more about how to keep fighting forces fit and capable in the harsh Alaskan environment. In 1956 and 1957, the U.S. Air Force's former Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory conducted a study of the role of the thyroid in human acclimatization to cold. To measure thyroid function under various conditions, the researchers administered a radioactive medical trace, Iodine-131, to Alaska Natives and white military personnel; based on the study results, the researchers determined that the thyroid did not play a significant role in human acclimatization to cold. When this study of thyroid function was revisited at a 1993 conference on the Cold War legacy in the Arctic, serious questions were raised about the appropriateness of the activity--whether it posed risks to the people involved and whether the research had been conducted within the bounds of accepted guidelines for research using human participants. In particular, there was concern over the relatively large proportion of Alaska Natives used as subjects and whether they understood the nature of the study. This book evaluates the research in detail, looking at both the possible health effects of Iodine-131 administration in humans and the ethics of human subjects research. This book presents conclusions and recommendations and is a significant addition to the nation's current reevaluation of human radiation experiments conducted during the Cold War.

Author : Adil Shamoo,Felix A. Khin-Maung-Gyi
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781136276026

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Ethics of the Use of Human Subjects in Research by Adil Shamoo,Felix A. Khin-Maung-Gyi Pdf

Media headlines about research misconduct in American Universities have focused public attention on the dramatic ethical problems that can arise during the conductof research. In the current atmosphere of accountability, scientific research on humans is now under increased scrutiny by the media, Congress and the public. Ethics of the Use of Human Subjects in Research fills the need for learning materials and strategies providing support for training programs related to the ethics of the use of human subjects in research. It presents a practical introduction to the ethical issues at stake in the conduct of research with human subjects. Beginning with a chapter on research ethics, a total of 10 chapters range in scope from the deveolopment of a protocol for ethical decision making to how to obtain IRB approval, with an emphasis on ethical factors underpinning the IRB process.

Author : United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Human experimentation in medicine
ISBN : LCCN:79601661

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The Belmont Report by United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Pdf

Author : Ezekiel J. Emanuel,Christine C. Grady,Robert A. Crouch,Reidar K. Lie,Franklin G. Miller
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 848 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2011-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199768639

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The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics by Ezekiel J. Emanuel,Christine C. Grady,Robert A. Crouch,Reidar K. Lie,Franklin G. Miller Pdf

The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics is the first comprehensive and systematic reference on clinical research ethics. Under the editorship of experts from the U.S. National Institutes of Health of the United States, the book's 73 chapters offer a wide-ranging and systematic examination of all aspects of research with human beings. Considering the historical triumphs of research as well as its tragedies, the textbook provides a framework for analyzing the ethical aspects of research studies with human beings. Through both conceptual analysis and systematic reviews of empirical data, the contributors examine issues ranging from scientific validity, fair subject selection, risk benefit ratio, independent review, and informed consent to focused consideration of international research ethics, conflicts of interests, and other aspects of responsible conduct of research. The editors of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics offer a work that critically assesses and advances scholarship in the field of human subjects research. Comprehensive in scope and depth, this book will be a crucial resource for researchers in the medical sciences, as well as teachers and students.

Author : George J. Annas
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195101065

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The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code by George J. Annas Pdf

This important new work surveys the source and ramifications of the famed Nuremburg Code -- recognized around the world as one of the cornerstones of modern bioethics.