Biomedical Advances In Hiv Prevention

Author : Lisa A. Eaton,Seth C. Kalichman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461488453

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Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention by Lisa A. Eaton,Seth C. Kalichman Pdf

Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention: Social and Behavioral Perspectives Lisa A. Eaton and Seth C. Kalichman, editors Three decades into the epidemic, a great deal is known about HIV and its transmission, more people are living with the disease, and the virus is no longer seen as a death sentence. But new people continue to be infected with HIV each year, making prevention strategies that are medically effective and behaviorally engaging as urgent a priority as ever. Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention: Social and Behavioral Perspectives assembles the latest improvements, barriers to implementation, and possibilities for--and challenges to--future progress. Innovations such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (antiretroviral regimens for the high-risk uninfected) and treatment as prevention (early use of ART to reduce infectiousness of new patients) are examined, as are current findings on ongoing prevention and treatment concerns. Contributors illuminate the complex realities entailing adherence, pointing out technological, behavioral, and cultural roadblocks as well as opportunities to significantly reduce infection rates. Detailed up-to-the-minute coverage includes: Prevention services for persons living with HIV Adherence to HIV treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis Advocating for rectal microbicides and safe lubricants Mental health and substance use in the scale-up of HIV prevention Risk compensation in response to HIV prevention Implementing biomedical HIV prevention advances: reports from South Africa, Uganda, Australia, Thailand, United States, Ecuador, and Peru Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working in the fields of HIV/AIDS and public health will look toward Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention: Social and Behavioral Perspectives as both a means for developing and assessing current programs and a blueprint for the next generation of prevention efforts.

Author : Sarah Bernays,Adam Bourne,Susan Kippax,Peter Aggleton,Richard Parker
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030698195

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Remaking HIV Prevention in the 21st Century by Sarah Bernays,Adam Bourne,Susan Kippax,Peter Aggleton,Richard Parker Pdf

This edited collection brings together the social dimensions of three key aspects of recent biomedical advance in HIV research: Treatment as Prevention (TasP), new technologies such as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and the Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U=U) movement. The growth of new forms of biomedical HIV prevention has created hope for the future, signalling the possibility of a world without AIDS. In this context, the volume discusses the profound social, political and ethical dilemmas raised by such advances, which are to do with readiness, access, equity and availability. It examines how HIV prevention has been, and is, re-framed in policy, practice and research, and asks: How best can new biomedical technologies be made available in a profoundly unequal world? What new understandings of responsibility and risk will emerge as HIV becomes a more manageable condition? What new forms of blame will emerge in a context where the technologies to prevent HIV exist, but are not always used? How best can we balance public health’s concern for adherence and compliance with the rights of individuals to decide on what is best for themselves and others? Few of these questions have thus far received serious consideration in the academic literature. The editors, all leaders in the social aspects of HIV, have brought together an innovative and international collection of essays by top thinkers and practitioners in the field of HIV. This book is an important resource for academics and professionals interested in HIV research. Chapters "Anticipating Policy, Orienting Services, Celebrating Provision: Reflecting on Scotland’s PrEP Journey", "How the science of HIV treatment-as-prevention restructured PEPFAR’s strategy: The case for scaling up ART in ‘epidemic control’ countries", "Stigma and confidentiality indiscretions: Intersecting obstacles to the delivery of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to adolescent girls and young women in east Zimbabwe" and "The drive to take an HIV test in rural Uganda: a risk to prevention for young people?" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Methodological Challenges in HIV Prevention Trials
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2008-06-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309114301

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Methodological Challenges in Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Methodological Challenges in HIV Prevention Trials Pdf

The number of people infected with HIV or living with AIDS is increasing at unprecedented rates as various scientists, organizations, and institutions search for innovative solutions to combating and preventing the disease. At the request of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Methodological Challenges in Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials addresses methodological challenges in late-stage nonvaccine biomedical HIV prevention trials with a specific focus on microbicide and pre-exposure prophylaxis trials. This book recommends a number of ways to improve the design, monitoring, and analysis of late-stage clinical trials that evaluate nonvaccine biomedical interventions. The objectives include identifying a beneficial method of intervention, enhancing quantification of the impact, properly assessing the effects of using such an intervention, and reducing biases that can lead to false positive trial results. According to Methodological Challenges in Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials, the need to identify a range of effective, practical, and affordable preventive strategies is critical. Although a large number of promising new HIV prevention strategies and products are currently being tested in late-stage clinical trials, these trials face a myriad of methodological challenges that slow the pace of research and limit the ability to identify and fully evaluate effective biomedical interventions.

Author : Sarah Bernays,Adam Bourne,Susan Kippax,Peter Aggleton,Richard Parker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030698203

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Remaking HIV Prevention in the 21st Century by Sarah Bernays,Adam Bourne,Susan Kippax,Peter Aggleton,Richard Parker Pdf

This edited collection brings together the social dimensions of three key aspects of recent biomedical advance in HIV research: Treatment as Prevention (TasP), new technologies such as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and the Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U=U) movement. The growth of new forms of biomedical HIV prevention has created hope for the future, signalling the possibility of a world without AIDS. In this context, the volume discusses the profound social, political and ethical dilemmas raised by such advances, which are to do with readiness, access, equity and availability. It examines how HIV prevention has been, and is, re-framed in policy, practice and research, and asks: How best can new biomedical technologies be made available in a profoundly unequal world? What new understandings of responsibility and risk will emerge as HIV becomes a more manageable condition? What new forms of blame will emerge in a context where the technologies to prevent HIV exist, but are not always used? How best can we balance public health's concern for adherence and compliance with the rights of individuals to decide on what is best for themselves and others? Few of these questions have thus far received serious consideration in the academic literature. The editors, all leaders in the social aspects of HIV, have brought together an innovative and international collection of essays by top thinkers and practitioners in the field of HIV. This book is an important resource for academics and professionals interested in HIV research. Chapters "Anticipating Policy, Orienting Services, Celebrating Provision: Reflecting on Scotland's PrEP Journey", "How the science of HIV treatment-as-prevention restructured PEPFAR's strategy: The case for scaling up ART in 'epidemic control' countries", "Stigma and confidentiality indiscretions: Intersecting obstacles to the delivery of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to adolescent girls and young women in east Zimbabwe" and "The drive to take an HIV test in rural Uganda: a risk to prevention for young people?" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Author : Susan Kippax,Niamh Stephenson
Publisher : Anthem Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-28
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781783085064

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Socialising the Biomedical Turn in HIV Prevention by Susan Kippax,Niamh Stephenson Pdf

This book concerns HIV prevention. In it the authors argue that until the world focuses its attention on the social issues carried and revealed by AIDS, it is unlikely that HIV transmission will be eradicated or even significantly reduced. The book argues that we are currently witnessing the remedicalisation or the continuing biomedicalisation of HIV prevention, which began in earnest after the development of successful HIV treatment, and that this biomedical trajectory continues with the increasing push to use HIV treatments as prevention, undermining what has been in many countries a successful prevention response. This wide-ranging study argues that HIV prevention involves enabling people and communities to discuss sex, sexuality and drug use and, informed by these discussion, devising locally effective strategies for promoting safe sexual and drug injection practices.

Author : John G. Bartlett,Robert R. Redfield Jr.,Paul A. Pham
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190924799

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Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection by John G. Bartlett,Robert R. Redfield Jr.,Paul A. Pham Pdf

THE PIONEERING WORK IN HIV MEDICINE, COMPLETELY REVISED FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE 2012 The 17th edition of Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection offers the best-available clinical guidance for treatment of patients with HIV. Edited by preeminent and pioneering authorities in HIV research and clinical care, it has earned its status as the definitive work for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and anyone working in the care of persons with HIV. Updated to reflect the most recent innovations in HIV prevention and therapy, this text balances new and old approaches to produce a guide to clinical management in any setting. Coverage includes: · New approaches to prevention of HIV and prevention of infection in patients with HIV · Laboratory protocols for screening and treatment · Antiretroviral therapies (including dosage and adverse effects and drug interactions ) · HIV treatment in resource-limited settings · Management of infections A portable, navigable guide to an exquisitely complex field, Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection is the continuing standard for practice and education in the field of HIV.

Author : Calvin Gwandure,Ruth Gwandure
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781543489644

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Bioethical Challenges in New Hiv Prevention Technologies by Calvin Gwandure,Ruth Gwandure Pdf

Ruth Gwandure earned her master of science degree in medicine (bioethics and law) from the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Her research and consulting fields include bioethics, health law, environmental bioethics, research ethics, HIV and AIDS, ethics and law, clinical ethics, and HIV counselling and testing in schools. Calvin Gwandure has a PhD in psychology. He graduated from Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. His research and consulting fields include HIV and AIDS prevention, new HIV prevention technologies, HIV risk behavior, and group behavior. Clinical trials on HIV and AIDS prevention face challenges associated with infection of participants with HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Participants also experience adverse events associated with voluntary medical male circumcision and the use of microbicides and vaccines in clinical trials. The results obtained from clinical trials investigating the efficacy of microbicides and vaccines in preventing HIV infection are disappointing, but there is hope that one day a breakthrough could be made. Clinical trials on voluntary medical male circumcision and preexposure prophylaxis have shown positive results that warranted approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The major challenge experienced in new HIV prevention clinical trials that are underway and in approved interventions that are being scaled up apparently relates to HIV incidence that threatens the social value and scientific validity of the interventions. Paradoxically, the clinical trials and scale-up interventions have become the new sources of HIV infection although the hypothesized benefit to be realized in the end is conceptualized as outweighing the current risks involved.

Author : Gualberto Buela-Casal
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : UCSD:31822034771030

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Recent Advances in HIV Infection Research by Gualberto Buela-Casal Pdf

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two retroviruses of the lentivirus subfamily, human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 (HIV-1) and 2 (HIV-2), which derive from cross-species transmissions of viruses naturally infecting two African primate species, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), respectively. Eleven transmission events of lentiviruses from these primate species to humans have been inferred from phylogenetic sequence analyses, although only four (which originated HIV-1 groups M and O, and HIV-2 groups A and B) have resulted in epidemic spread. One of these transmissions, corresponding to the common ancestor of the HIV-1 group M viruses, whose initial expansion in Central Africa has been dated by molecular clock analyses to around 1930, eventually originated the AIDS pandemic. How humans acquired the ancestors of the AIDS viruses from simians is uncertain, but natural infection of African non-human primates with lentiviruses is common, and contact with blood of these animals, which are frequently hunted in Africa for human consumption, is a plausible mechanism for virus acquisition. Sociodemograhic developments, including rapid urbanisation, large scale migrations, growth of prostitution, wars, and increase in travel, and, possibly, the widespread use of non-sterile injection material, may have promoted the emergence of the AIDS pandemic in Central Africa in the 20th century. Subsequent global propagation of HIV-1 derives from multiple introductions at different time points, often representing phylogenetically identifiable founder events. In areas in which diverse HIV-1 variants are cocirculating, these frequently recombine to generate mosaic forms, some of provided new insights on the origin and spread of AIDS viruses and may contribute to the efforts aimed at containing the pandemic which have propagated extensively. Phylogenetic sequence analyses and molecular epidemiology studies have.

Author : Linqi Zhang,Sharon R. Lewin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811304842

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HIV Vaccines and Cure by Linqi Zhang,Sharon R. Lewin Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive review of the major barriers to HIV cure and vaccine. It covers the fundamental virology and immunology leading to HIV transmission, protection from infection and long term HIV persistence on antiretroviral therapy. In addition, strategies being tested to eliminate persistent HIV and the rational design of vaccines to induce protective immunity are covered. This book also discusses the challenges related to the design of clinical trials for testing the safety and efficacy of these innovative approaches. This book will provide a systematic overview and also discuss controversial issues for researchers in virology and immunology, as well as practicing physicians, and scientists in the pharmaceutical industry.

Author : Dean T. Jamison,Joel G. Breman,Anthony R. Measham,George Alleyne,Mariam Claeson,David B. Evans,Prabhat Jha,Anne Mills,Philip Musgrove
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 1449 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821361801

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries by Dean T. Jamison,Joel G. Breman,Anthony R. Measham,George Alleyne,Mariam Claeson,David B. Evans,Prabhat Jha,Anne Mills,Philip Musgrove Pdf

Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.

Author : Eric O. Freed
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1489995633

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Advances in HIV-1 Assembly and Release by Eric O. Freed Pdf

​Over the past decade, enormous progress has been made in understanding the late events in the HIV replication cycle. This has been made possible by major advances in cell biology, virology, and structural biology. The field continues to move forward rapidly, with important new discoveries being reported on a regular basis. The impact of this progress across a broad spectrum of biomedical research has been substantial. The increase in basic knowledge in the areas of HIV assembly, release, and maturation has been accompanied by new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.The work includes topics relating to basic molecular biology, cell biology, and structural biology of HIV assembly, coupled with more applied ideas of how this basic information can inform the field of antiretroviral research. The book covers all major topics pertaining to the late stages of HIV replication, with leaders in each area recruited to contribute chapters in their areas of expertise . The topics will be sufficiently focused to allow authors the opportunity to cover the latest developments in detail.​

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9291736341

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Good Participatory Practice by Anonim Pdf

These Good Participatory Practice guidelines aim to provide systematic guidance on the roles and responsibilities of entities funding and conducting biomedical HIV prevention trials towards participants and their communities. Such entities include investigators, research staff, pharmaceutical industry sponsors, foundations, government-supported research networks, non-governmental research sponsors, and all others involved in designing, financing, and executing clinical trials research.

Author : Getnet Tadele,Helmut Kloos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781137009951

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Vulnerabilities, Impacts, and Responses to HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa by Getnet Tadele,Helmut Kloos Pdf

This book examines HIV/AIDS vulnerabilities, impacts and responses in the socioeconomic and cultural context of Sub-Saharan Africa. With contributions from social scientists and public health experts, the volume identifies gender inequality and poverty as the main causes of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Monitoring the Social Impact of the AIDS Epidemic
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309046282

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The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Monitoring the Social Impact of the AIDS Epidemic Pdf

Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240009660

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Preventing HIV through safe voluntary medical male circumcision for adolescent boys and men in generalized HIV epidemics by Anonim Pdf