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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Accademia Naz. dei Lincei
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105020479429
Author : GIOVANNI GALLAVOTTI; WOLFGANG L. REITER; JAKOB YNG.
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3037195576
Author : Jakob Yngvason
Publisher : European Mathematical Society
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 3037190574
Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1844-1906) was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. He was one of the most important advocates for atomic theory when that scientific model was still highly controversial. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of his death in Duino, the International Symposium ``Boltzmann's Legacy'' was held at the Erwin Schrodinger International Institute for Mathematical Physics in June 2006. This text covers a broad spectrum of topics ranging from equilibrium statistical and nonequilibrium statistical physics, ergodic theory and chaos to basic questions of biology and historical accounts of Boltzmann's work. Besides the lectures presented at the symposium the volume also contains contributions specially written for this occasion. The articles give a broad overview of Boltzmann's legacy to the sciences from the standpoint of some of today's leading scholars in the field. The book addresses students and researchers in mathematics, physics, and the history of science.
Author : David Lindley
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501142673
In 1900 many eminent scientists did not believe atoms existed, yet within just a few years the atomic century launched into history with an astonishing string of breakthroughs in physics that began with Albert Einstein and continues to this day. Before this explosive growth into the modern age took place, an all-but-forgotten genius strove for forty years to win acceptance for the atomic theory of matter and an altogether new way of doing physics. Ludwig Boltz-mann battled with philosophers, the scientific establishment, and his own potent demons. His victory led the way to the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century. Now acclaimed science writer David Lindley portrays the dramatic story of Boltzmann and his embrace of the atom, while providing a window on the civilized world that gave birth to our scientific era. Boltzmann emerges as an endearingly quixotic character, passionately inspired by Beethoven, who muddled through the practical matters of life in a European gilded age. Boltzmann's story reaches from fin de siècle Vienna, across Germany and Britain, to America. As the Habsburg Empire was crumbling, Germany's intellectual might was growing; Edinburgh in Scotland was one of the most intellectually fertile places on earth; and, in America, brilliant independent minds were beginning to draw on the best ideas of the bureaucratized old world. Boltzmann's nemesis in the field of theoretical physics at home in Austria was Ernst Mach, noted today in the term Mach I, the speed of sound. Mach believed physics should address only that which could be directly observed. How could we know that frisky atoms jiggling about corresponded to heat if we couldn't see them? Why should we bother with theories that only told us what would probably happen, rather than making an absolute prediction? Mach and Boltzmann both believed in the power of science, but their approaches to physics could not have been more opposed. Boltzmann sought to explain the real world, and cast aside any philosophical criteria. Mach, along with many nineteenth-century scientists, wanted to construct an empirical edifice of absolute truths that obeyed strict philosophical rules. Boltzmann did not get on well with authority in any form, and he did his best work at arm's length from it. When at the end of his career he engaged with the philosophical authorities in the Viennese academy, the results were personally disastrous and tragic. Yet Boltzmann's enduring legacy lives on in the new physics and technology of our wired world. Lindley's elegant telling of this tale combines the detailed breadth of the best history, the beauty of theoretical physics, and the psychological insight belonging to the finest of novels.
Author : John C. Crepeau
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-02-20
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781608054770
Most scientists and engineers are familiar with the name Josef Stefan primarily from the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which relates the amount of energy transferred by radiation to the absolute temperature raised to the fourth power. Stefan determined this law from experimental data, and it was later theoretically verified by his former student, Ludwig Boltzmann. However, it is interesting to know that this is the same Stefan who lent his name to the solid-liquid phase change problem, and concepts related to molecular diffusion and convective motion driven by surface evaporation or ablation. Stefan counted among his students Sigmund Freud, who was so inspired by his physics instructor that he incorporated scientific methods into psychoanalysis. This invaluable book details not only Josef Stefan’s original contributions in these areas, but the current state-of-the-art of his pioneering work.
Author : Gregoire Nicolis,Vasileios Basios
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-12-30
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789814602143
This volume provides a self-contained survey of the mechanisms presiding information processing and communication. The main thesis is that chaos and complexity are the basic ingredients allowing systems composed of interesting subunits to generate and process information and communicate in a meaningful way. Emphasis is placed on communication in the form of games and on the related issue of decision making under conditions of uncertainty. Biological, cognitive, physical, engineering and societal systems are approached from a unifying point of view, both analytically and by numerical simulation, using the methods of nonlinear dynamics and probability theory. Epistemological issues in connection with incompleteness and self-reference are also addressed. Contents:Glimpses at Nonlinear Dynamics & Chaos:Bohmian Trajectories in the Scattering Problem (G Contopoulos, N Delis and C Efthymiopoulos)Scaling Properties of the Lorenz System and Dissipative Nambu Mechanics (Minos Axenides and Emmanuel Floratos)Extreme Events in Nonlinear Lattices (G P Tsironis, N Lazarides, A Maluckov and Lj Hadžievski)Coarse Graining Approach to Chaos (Donal MacKernan)Fractal Parameter Space of Lorenz-like Attractors: A Hierarchical Approach (Tingli Xing, Jeremy Wojcik, Michael A Zaks and Andrey Shilnikov)Chaos and Information:Quantum Theory of Jaynes' Principle, Bayes' Theorem, and Information (Hermann Haken)Information Processing with Page–Wootters States (Stam Nicolis)Stochastic Resonance and Information Processing (C Nicolis)Selforganization of Symbols and Information (Werner Ebeling and Rainer Feistel)Biological Information Processing:Historical Contingency in Controlled Evolution (Peter Schuster)Long-Range Order and Fractality in the Structure and Organization of Eukaryotic Genomes (Dimitris Polychronopoulos, Giannis Tsiagkas, Labrini Athanasopoulou, Diamantis Sellis and Yannis Almirantis)Towards Resolving the Enigma of HOX Gene Collinearity (Spyros Papageorgiou)Complexity, Chaos & Cognition:Thermodynamics of Cerebral Cortex Assayed by Measures of Mass Action (Walter J Freeman)Describing the Neuron Axons Network of the Human Brain by Continuous Flow Models (J Hizanidis, P Katsaloulis, D A Verganelakis and A Provata)Cognition and Language: From Apprehension to Judgment — Quantum Conjectures (F T Arecchi)Dynamical Systems++ for a Theory of Biological System (Kunihiko Kaneko)Logic Dynamics for Deductive Inference — Its Stability and Neural Basis (Ichiro Tsuda)Dynamical Games and Collective Behaviours:Microscopic Approach to Species Coexistence Based on Evolutionary Game Dynamics (Celso Grebogi, Ying-Cheng Lai and Wen-Xu Wang)Phase Transitions in Models of Bird Flocking (H Christodoulidi, K van der Weele, Ch G Antonopoulos and T Bountis)Animal Construction as a Free Boundary Problem: Evidence of Fractal Scaling Laws (S C Nicolis)Extended Self Organised Criticality in Asynchronously Tuned Cellular Automata (Yukio-Pegio Gunji)Epilogue:A Posthumous Dialogue with John Nicolis: IERU (Otto E Rössler)Appendix:Selected References from John Nicolis' Bibliography Readership: Graduate students, researchers, and academics from various fields interested in chaos, information processing and complexity science. Key Features:Highlights the universality, relevance and interdisciplinary dimension of chaos and complexityBrings together topics and issues that have so far been addressed independently of each other and establishes unexpected connectionsProvides complementary coverage of problems of concern as viewed by different well-established expertsKeywords:Nonlinear Dynamics;Chaos;Self-Organization;Emergence;Probability and Information;Predictability;Non-Equilibrium Systems;Irreversibility;Systems Biology
Author : Jos Uffink,Giovanni Valente,Charlotte Werndl,Lena Zuchowski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030479718
This book presents a collection of essays that explore the life and works of Tatjana Afanassjewa (1876–1964), a Russian–Dutch physicist–mathematician. Readers will discover a scientist whose work on the foundations of thermodynamics significantly influenced the field itself as well as the philosophy of physics. This book highlights the philosophical consequences of her work in physics and mathematics and discusses historical aspects of her writings on the foundations of physics. In addition, it features English translations and critical reviews of key selections from her texts. First and foremost, the book highlights the numerous contributions that Afanassjewa made to the field. In particular, the authors examine her work on the foundations of thermodynamics and statistical physics, starting in the 1920s and extending to 1956, well after the untimely death of her husband in 1933. They also explore her almost entirely forgotten work on the didactics of mathematics. In addition, they discuss her influential collaboration with her husband, the Austrian physicist Paul Ehrenfest (1880–1933). The portrait that emerges is that of a highly original physicist and mathematician, whose legacy continues to influence scientists and philosophers today and whose lesser-known works deserve more attention than they have received. Readers will find a rich body of work that continues to this day to yield insights into the foundations of physics and mathematics.
Author : David Lindley
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Atomic theory
ISBN : 9780684851860
Ludwig Boltzmann, an Austrian physicist is considered the forgotten genius who set the atomic revolution in motion. However, he was unaware his vision would lead to the greatest chain of scientific discoveries ever made. His story is presented in this combination of expert storytelling with a deep understanding of physics.
Author : Angelo Vulpiani,Roberto Livi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2003-12-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540396680
The present volume, published at the occasion of his 100th birthday anniversary, is a collection of articles that reviews the impact of Kolomogorov's work in the physical sciences and provides an introduction to the modern developments that have been triggered in this way to encompass recent applications in biology, chemistry, information sciences and finance.
Author : Spenta R. Wadia
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812772718
This indispensable volume contains a compendium of articles covering a vast range of topics in physics which were begun or influenced by the works of Albert Einstein: special relativity, quantum theory, statistical physics, condensed matter physics, general relativity, geometry, cosmology and unified field theory. An essay on the societal role of Einstein is included. These articles, written by some of the renowned experts, offer an insider's view of the exciting world of fundamental science. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Einstein and the Search for Unification (625 KB). Contents: Einstein and the Search for Unification (D Gross); Einstein and Geometry (M Atiyah); String Theory and Einstein's Dream (A Sen); Black Hole Entropy in String Theory: A Window into the Quantum Structure of Gravity (A Dabholkar); The Winding Road to Quantum Gravity (A Ashtekar); Brownian Functionals in Physics and Computer Science (S N Majumdar); Bose-Einstein Condensation: Where Many Become One and So There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom (N Kumar); Many Electrons Strongly Avoiding Each Other: Strange Goings On (T V Ramakrishnan); Einstein and the Quantum (V Singh); Einstein's Legacy: Relativistic Cosmology (J V Narlikar); Einstein's Universe: The Challenge of Dark Energy (S Sarkar); Gravitational Radiation OCo In Celebration of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis (B S Sathyaprakash); Albert Einstein: Radical Pacifist and Democrat (T Jayaraman). Readership: Physicists, mathematicians and academics."
Author : James G. Glimm,John Impagliazzo,Isadore Singer
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2006-09-08
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0821868160
The ideas of John von Neumann have had a profound influence on modern mathematics and science. One of the great thinkers of our century, von Neumann initiated major branches of mathematics--from operator algebras to game theory to scientific computing--and had a fundamental impact on such areas as self-adjoint operators, ergodic theory and the foundations of quantum mechanics, and numerical analysis and the design of the modern computer. This volume contains the proceedings of an AMS Symposium in Pure Mathematics, held at Hofstra University, in May 1988. The symposium brought together some of the foremost researchers in the wide range of areas in which von Neumann worked. These articles illustrate the sweep of von Neumann's ideas and thinking and document their influence on contemporary mathematics. In addition, some of those who knew von Neumann when he was alive have presented here personal reminiscences about him. This book is directed to those interested in operator theory, game theory, ergodic theory, and scientific computing, as well as to historians of mathematics and others having an interest in the contemporary history of the mathematical sciences. This book will give readers an appreciation for the workings of the mind of one of the mathematical giants of our time.
Author : American Mathematical Society
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0821842196
The ideas of John von Neumann have had a profound influence on modern mathematics and science. One of the great thinkers of our century, von Neumann initiated major branches of mathematics--from operator algebras to game theory to scientific computing--and had a fundamental impact on such areas as self-adjoint operators, ergodic theory and the foundations of quantum mechanics, and numerical analysis and the design of the modern computer. This volume contains the proceedings of an AMS Symposium in Pure Mathematics, held at Hofstra University, in May 1988. The symposium brought together some of the foremost researchers in the wide range of areas in which von Neumann worked. These articles illustrate the sweep of von Neumann's ideas and thinking and document their influence on contemporary mathematics. In addition, some of those who knew von Neumann when he was alive have presented here personal reminiscences about him. This book is directed to those interested in operator theory, game theory, ergodic theory, and scientific computing, as well as to historians of mathematics and others having an interest in the contemporary history of the mathematical sciences. This book will give readers an appreciation for the workings of the mind of one of the mathematical giants of our time.
Author : Raymond Flood,Mark McCartney,Andrew Whitaker
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191528248
Lord Kelvin was one of the greatest physicists of the Victorian era. Widely known for the development of the Kelvin scale of temperature measurement, Kelvin's interests ranged across thermodynamics, the age of the Earth, the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable, not to mention inventions such as an improved maritime compass and a sounding device which allowed depths to be taken both quickly and while the ship was moving. He was an academic engaged in fundamental research, while also working with industry and technological advances. He corresponded and collaborated with other eminent men of science such as Stokes, Joule, Maxwell and Helmholtz, was raised to the peerage as a result of his contributions to science, and finally buried in Westminster Abbey next to Newton. This book contains a collection of chapters, authored by leading experts, covering the life and wide-ranging scientific contributions made by William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907).
Author : Don S. Lemons,William R. Shanahan,Louis J. Buchholtz
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-09-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262370387
An account of Max Planck’s construction of his theory of blackbody radiation, summarizing the established physics on which he drew. In the last year of the nineteenth century, Max Planck constructed a theory of blackbody radiation—the radiation emitted and absorbed by nonreflective bodies in thermal equilibrium with one another—and his work ushered in the quantum revolution in physics. In this book, three physicists trace Planck’s discovery. They follow the trail of Planck’s thinking by constructing a textbook of sorts that summarizes the established physics on which he drew. By offering this account, the authors explore not only how Planck deployed his considerable knowledge of the physics of his era but also how Einstein and others used and interpreted Planck’s work. Planck did not set out to lay the foundation for the quantum revolution but to study a universal phenomenon for which empirical evidence had been accumulating since the late 1850s. The authors explain the nineteenth-century concepts that informed Planck’s discovery, including electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics. In addition, the book offers the first translations of important papers by Ludwig Boltzmann and Wilhelm Wien on which Planck’s work depended.
Author : Bernd Aschenbach,Vadim Burwitz,Günther Hasinger,Bruno Leibundgut
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 527 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540747130
The year 2005, which marked the 100th anniversary of the 'annus mirabilis', the year in which Albert Einstein published three of his most important scientific papers, was the perfect opportunity to review and to present the current scientific understanding of relativistic topics. This book provides an up-to-date reference on the theory of gravity, relativistic astrophysics and cosmology. It is a useful reference tool for both the expert and the new-comer in these fields.