Boron Proxies In Paleoceanography And Paleoclimatology

Author : Bärbel Hönisch,Stephen M. Eggins,Laura L. Haynes,Katherine A. Allen,Katherine D. Holland,Katja Lorbacher
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119010630

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Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology by Bärbel Hönisch,Stephen M. Eggins,Laura L. Haynes,Katherine A. Allen,Katherine D. Holland,Katja Lorbacher Pdf

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions do not only warm our planet but also acidify our oceans. It is currently unclear to which degree Earth’s climate and marine life will be impacted by these changes but information from Earth history, particularly the geochemical signals of past environmental changes stored in the fossil remains of marine organisms, can help us predict possible future changes. This book aims to be a primer for scientists who seek to apply boron proxies in marine carbonates to estimate past seawater carbonate chemistry and atmospheric pCO2. Boron proxies (δ11B and B/Ca) were introduced nearly three decades ago, with subsequent strides being made in understanding their mechanistic functioning. This text reviews current knowledge about the aqueous systematics, the inorganic and biological controls on boron isotope fractionation and incorporation into marine carbonates, as well as the analytical techniques for measurement of boron proxies. Laboratory and field calibrations of the boron proxies are summarized, and similarities between modern calibrations are explored to suggest estimates for proxy sensitivities in marine calcifiers that are now extinct. Example applications illustrate the potential for reconstructing paleo-atmospheric pCO2 from boron isotopes. Also explored are the sensitivity of paleo-ocean acidity and pCO2 reconstructions to boron isotope proxy systematics that are currently less well understood, including the elemental and boron isotopic composition of seawater through time, seawater alkalinity, temperature and salinity, and their collective impact on the uncertainty of paleo-reconstructions. The B/Ca proxy is based on the same mechanistic principles as the boron isotope proxy, but empirical calibrations suggest seawater pH is not the only controlling factor. B/Ca therefore has the potential to provide a second carbonate parameter that could be paired with δ11B to fully constrain the ocean carbonate system, but the associated uncertainties are large. This text reviews and examines what is currently known about the B/Ca proxy systematics. As more scientists embark on characterizing past ocean acidity and atmospheric pCO2, Boron in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology provides a resource to introduce geoscientists to the opportunities and complications of boron proxies, including potential avenues to further refine them.

Author : Bärbel Hönisch,Stephen M. Eggins,Laura L. Haynes,Katherine A. Allen,Katherine D. Holland,Katja Lorbacher
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119010647

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Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology by Bärbel Hönisch,Stephen M. Eggins,Laura L. Haynes,Katherine A. Allen,Katherine D. Holland,Katja Lorbacher Pdf

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions do not only warm our planet but also acidify our oceans. It is currently unclear to which degree Earth’s climate and marine life will be impacted by these changes but information from Earth history, particularly the geochemical signals of past environmental changes stored in the fossil remains of marine organisms, can help us predict possible future changes. This book aims to be a primer for scientists who seek to apply boron proxies in marine carbonates to estimate past seawater carbonate chemistry and atmospheric pCO2. Boron proxies (δ11B and B/Ca) were introduced nearly three decades ago, with subsequent strides being made in understanding their mechanistic functioning. This text reviews current knowledge about the aqueous systematics, the inorganic and biological controls on boron isotope fractionation and incorporation into marine carbonates, as well as the analytical techniques for measurement of boron proxies. Laboratory and field calibrations of the boron proxies are summarized, and similarities between modern calibrations are explored to suggest estimates for proxy sensitivities in marine calcifiers that are now extinct. Example applications illustrate the potential for reconstructing paleo-atmospheric pCO2 from boron isotopes. Also explored are the sensitivity of paleo-ocean acidity and pCO2 reconstructions to boron isotope proxy systematics that are currently less well understood, including the elemental and boron isotopic composition of seawater through time, seawater alkalinity, temperature and salinity, and their collective impact on the uncertainty of paleo-reconstructions. The B/Ca proxy is based on the same mechanistic principles as the boron isotope proxy, but empirical calibrations suggest seawater pH is not the only controlling factor. B/Ca therefore has the potential to provide a second carbonate parameter that could be paired with δ11B to fully constrain the ocean carbonate system, but the associated uncertainties are large. This text reviews and examines what is currently known about the B/Ca proxy systematics. As more scientists embark on characterizing past ocean acidity and atmospheric pCO2, Boron in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology provides a resource to introduce geoscientists to the opportunities and complications of boron proxies, including potential avenues to further refine them.

Author : William E. N. Austin,Rachael James
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1862392579

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Biogeochemical Controls on Palaeoceanographic Environmental Proxies by William E. N. Austin,Rachael James Pdf

Most of our information about the evolution of Earth's ocean-climate system comes from the analysis of sediments laid down in the past. For example, the microfossil assemblage reflects the temperature, salinity and nutrient abundance of the water in which the organisms lived, while the chemical and isotopic composition of biogenic carbonates may be used to reconstruct past variations in the operation of the carbon cycle, as well as changes in ocean circulation. Nevertheless, understanding the link between these sediment variables (or 'proxies') and environmental conditions is not straightforward. This volume adopts a novel approach by bringing together palaeontologists, geochemists and palaeoceanographers, who contribute evidence that is required to better constrain these proxies. Topics include: (i) processes of biomineralization, and their effect on the chemical and isotopic composition of different organisms; (ii) proxy validation, including field, laboratory and theoretical studies; (iii) the links between modern and fossil organisms

Author : Claude Hillaire-Marcel,Anne De Vernal
Publisher : Elsevier Science Limited
Page : 843 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 0444527559

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Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography by Claude Hillaire-Marcel,Anne De Vernal Pdf

Chapters encompass physical methods (conventional grain-size studies, tomodensitometry, magnetic and mineralogical properties), most current biological proxies (planktic and benthic foraminifers, deep sea corals, diatoms, coccoliths, dinocysts and biomarkers) and key geochemical tracers (trace elements, stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes, and U-series). Contributors to the book and members of the review panel are among the best scientists in their specialty. They represent major European and North American laboratories and thus provide a priori guarantees to the quality and updat of the entire book. Scientists and graduate students in paleoclimatology, paleoceanography, climate modeling, and undergraduate and graduate students in marine geology represent the target audience.-

Author : Aleksandra Drizo
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118825426

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Phosphorus Pollution Control by Aleksandra Drizo Pdf

Phosphorus Pollution Control – Policies and Strategies Deterioration and decline of water resources due to pollution caused by humans and their activities has become a universal health, environmental, social and economic problem. Excess discharges of nutrients, in particular, phosphorus, has been recognized as the most prevalent water pollution problem globally. Moreover, its perpetual occurrence and expansion creates imminent threats to water and food security. Despite extensive research during the past five decades, many key questions in eutrophication science remain unanswered. This book summarizes the most recent policies and strategies for phosphorus removal and recovery from municipal, residential and agricultural wastewater effluents and runoff into a concise and up-to-date volume. The book will be of interest to environmental and water resources scientists and engineers, consultants, policy makers, and practitioners working in the field.

Author : Beatrice Demarchi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119089445

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Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals by Beatrice Demarchi Pdf

AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS IN FOSSIL BIOMINERALS An essential cross-disciplinary guide to the proteins that form biominerals and that are preserved in the fossil record?? Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals is an authoritative guide to the patterns of survival and degradation of ancient biomolecules in the fossil record. The author brings together new research in biomineralization and ancient proteins to describe mechanisms of protein diagenesis. The book draws on the author's experiences as well as current information from three research fields: geochemistry, archaeology and Quaternary sciences. The author examines the history of the study of ancient proteins, from the dating of Quaternary biominerals to the present advances in shotgun proteomics, and discusses their applications across archaeology, geology and evolutionary biology. This important guide:?? Explores the main components of biominerals Describes the breakdown of proteins in fossils Reviews the applications of ancient protein studies Written for students and researchers of biomolecular archaeology and palaeontology, Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals provides a cross-disciplinary guide to the proteins responsible for the formation of biominerals and to the survival of biomolecules in the archaeological and palaeontological record. This book forms one volume of the popular New Analytical Methods in Earth and Environmental Science Series.

Author : Gerhard Fischer,Gerold Wefer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 768 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642586460

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Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography by Gerhard Fischer,Gerold Wefer Pdf

Paleoceanographic proxies provide infonnation for reconstructions of the past, including climate changes, global and regional oceanography, and the cycles of biochemical components in the ocean. These prox ies are measurable descriptors for desired but unobservable environmental variables such as tempera ture, salinity, primary productivity, nutrient content, or surface-water carbon dioxide concentrations. The proxies are employed in a manner analogous to oceanographic methods. The water masses are first characterized according to their specific physical and chemical properties, and then related to particular assemblages of certain organisms or to particular element or isotope distributions. We have a long-standing series of proven proxies available. Marine microfossil assemblages, for instance, are employed to reconstruct surface-water temperatures. The calcareous shells of planktonic and benthic microorgan isms contain a wealth of paleoceanographic information in their isotopic and elemental compositions. Stable oxygen isotope measurements are used to detennine ice volume, and MglCa ratios are related to water temperatures, to cite a few examples. Organic material may also provide valuable infonnation, e. g. , about past productivity conditions. Studying the stable carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter or individual marine organic components may provide a measure of past surface-water CO 2 conditions within the bounds of certain assumptions. Within the scope of paleoceanographic investigations, the existing proxies are continuously evolving and improving, while new proxies are being studied and developed. The methodology is improved by analysis of samples from the water column and surface sediments, and through laboratory experiments.

Author : Horst Marschall,Gavin Foster
Publisher : Springer
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319878476

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Boron Isotopes by Horst Marschall,Gavin Foster Pdf

This new volume on boron isotope geochemistry offers review chapters summarizing the cosmochemistry, high-temperature and low-temperature geochemistry, and marine chemistry of boron. It also covers theoretical aspects of B isotope fractionation, experiments and atomic modeling, as well as all aspects of boron isotope analyses in geologic materials using the full range of solutions and in-situ methods. The book provides guidance for researchers on the analytical and theoretical aspects, as well as introducing the various scientific applications and research fields in which boron isotopes currently play a major role. The last compendium to summarize the geochemistry of boron and address its isotope geochemistry was published over 20 years ago (Grew &Anovitz, 1996, MSA Review, Vol.33), and there have since been significant advances in analytical techniques, applications and scientific insights into the isotope geochemistry of boron. This volume in the “Advances in Isotope Geochemistry” series provides a valuable source for students and professionals alike, both as an introduction to a new field and as a reference in ongoing research. Chapters 5 and 8 of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com

Author : R. M. Cline,James D. Hays
Publisher : Geological Society of America
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780813711454

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Investigation of Late Quaternary Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology by R. M. Cline,James D. Hays Pdf

Author : F. Goodarzi,Dalway J. Swaine
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Boron
ISBN : 0660153696

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Paleoenvironmental and Environmental Implications of the Boron Content of Coals by F. Goodarzi,Dalway J. Swaine Pdf

Author : Detlef A. Warnke,Gabriel M. Filippelli,José-Abel Flores
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : UCSD:31822030249148

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Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology of the Southern Ocean by Detlef A. Warnke,Gabriel M. Filippelli,José-Abel Flores Pdf

Author : Jonathan Holmes,Mark Maslin
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 1405118016

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Stable Isotopes in Paleoclimatology by Jonathan Holmes,Mark Maslin Pdf

This text examines the application of stable isotopes in the reconstruction of past climatic conditions. With particular emphasis on the Quaternary, Stable Isotopes in Paleoclimatology, provides a comprehensive overview of isotope records in marine sediments, ice cores and continental archives, and examines how these may be interpreted. In addition to the in-depth analysis of individual paleoclimatic archives, this book includes chapters on the fundamentals of stable isotope geochemistry and factors controlling the distribution of stable isotopes in the modern environment. The book discusses the stable isotopes of hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen and silicon. Stable Isotopes in Paleoclimatology is essential reading for advanced undergraduates and graduates in paleoenvironmental research, and will also be of value to teachers of undergraduate courses in environmental change who do not have a background in stable isotopes.

Author : C. T. Walker
Publisher : Dowden Hutchinson and Ross
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Boron
ISBN : UCAL:B5041278

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Geochemistry of Boron by C. T. Walker Pdf

Author : B. Lynn Ingram,Donald J. DePaolo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108998352

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Sr Isotopes in Seawater by B. Lynn Ingram,Donald J. DePaolo Pdf

Studies of Sr isotopic composition of thousands of samples of marine sediments and fossils have yielded a curve of 87Sr/86Sr versus age for seawater Sr that extends back to 1 billion years. The ratio has fluctuated with large amplitude during this time period, and because the ratio is always uniform in the oceans globally at any one time, it is useful as a stratigraphic correlation and age-dating tool. The ratio also appears to reflect major tectonic and climatic events in Earth history and hence provides clues as to the causes, timing, and consequences of those events. The seawater 87Sr/86Sr ratio is generally high during periods marked by continent-continent collisions, and lower when continental topography is subdued, and seafloor generation rates are high. There is evidence that major shifts in the seawater ratio can be ascribed to specific orogenic events and correlate with large shifts in global climate.

Author : Pratul Kumar Saraswati
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128242308

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Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth’s History by Pratul Kumar Saraswati Pdf

Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth’s History incorporates new findings on taxonomy, classification and biostratigraphy of foraminifera. Foraminifera offer the best geochemical proxies for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment interpretation. The study of foraminifera was promoted by oil exploration due to its exceptional use in subsurface stratigraphy. A rapid technological development in the past 20 years in the field of imaging microfossils and in geochemical microanalysis have added novel information about foraminifera. Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth’s History builds an understanding of biology, morphology and classification of foraminifera for its varied applications. In the past two decades, a phenomenal growth has occurred in geochemical proxies in shells of foraminifera, and as a result, crucial information about past climate of the earth is achieved. Foraminifera is the most extensively used marine microfossils in deep-time reconstruction of the earth history. Its key applications are in paleoenvironment and paleoclimate interpretation, paleoceanography, and biostratigraphy to continuously improve the Geologic Time Scale. Provides an overview of the Earth history as witnessed and evidenced by foraminifera Discusses a variety of geochemical proxies used in reconstruction of environment, climate and paleobiology of foraminifera Presents a new insight into the morphology and classification of foraminifera by modern tools of x-ray microscopy, quantitative methods, and molecular research