Biogeochemical Controls On Palaeoceanographic Environmental Proxies

Author : William E. N. Austin,Rachael James
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1862392579

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Biogeochemical Controls on Palaeoceanographic Environmental Proxies by William E. N. Austin,Rachael James Pdf

Most of our information about the evolution of Earth's ocean-climate system comes from the analysis of sediments laid down in the past. For example, the microfossil assemblage reflects the temperature, salinity and nutrient abundance of the water in which the organisms lived, while the chemical and isotopic composition of biogenic carbonates may be used to reconstruct past variations in the operation of the carbon cycle, as well as changes in ocean circulation. Nevertheless, understanding the link between these sediment variables (or 'proxies') and environmental conditions is not straightforward. This volume adopts a novel approach by bringing together palaeontologists, geochemists and palaeoceanographers, who contribute evidence that is required to better constrain these proxies. Topics include: (i) processes of biomineralization, and their effect on the chemical and isotopic composition of different organisms; (ii) proxy validation, including field, laboratory and theoretical studies; (iii) the links between modern and fossil organisms

Author : Pratul Kumar Saraswati
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128242308

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Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth’s History by Pratul Kumar Saraswati Pdf

Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth’s History incorporates new findings on taxonomy, classification and biostratigraphy of foraminifera. Foraminifera offer the best geochemical proxies for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment interpretation. The study of foraminifera was promoted by oil exploration due to its exceptional use in subsurface stratigraphy. A rapid technological development in the past 20 years in the field of imaging microfossils and in geochemical microanalysis have added novel information about foraminifera. Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth’s History builds an understanding of biology, morphology and classification of foraminifera for its varied applications. In the past two decades, a phenomenal growth has occurred in geochemical proxies in shells of foraminifera, and as a result, crucial information about past climate of the earth is achieved. Foraminifera is the most extensively used marine microfossils in deep-time reconstruction of the earth history. Its key applications are in paleoenvironment and paleoclimate interpretation, paleoceanography, and biostratigraphy to continuously improve the Geologic Time Scale. Provides an overview of the Earth history as witnessed and evidenced by foraminifera Discusses a variety of geochemical proxies used in reconstruction of environment, climate and paleobiology of foraminifera Presents a new insight into the morphology and classification of foraminifera by modern tools of x-ray microscopy, quantitative methods, and molecular research

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 4318 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128130827

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Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences by Anonim Pdf

The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches

Author : H. Stoll
Publisher : The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2010-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780903056267

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Ion Partitioning in Ambient-Temperature Aqueous Systems by H. Stoll Pdf

Understanding in detail the ion partitioning in mineralwater interactions is of fundamental importance to geochemical studies and ultimately to society. The solid-solution properties of minerals are a significant part of the complexity, and also the importance, of these ion-partitioning reactions.

Author : Showkat Ahmad Lone,Abdul Malik
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813345089

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Microbiomes and the Global Climate Change by Showkat Ahmad Lone,Abdul Malik Pdf

This book covers the contemporary environmental issues faced by life on the planet and the role planetary microbiomes play in such issues. Providing insights on the net favorable and adverse effect of microbial processes, this volume covers both the spontaneous and anthropocentric events that impact climate change and life on the planet. The book describes the ecological significance of microbiomes associated with the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia with respect to climate change, natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change, microbial interactions in nature, planetary microbiomes and food security, climate change in relation to disease epidemiology and human health and engineering microorganisms to mitigate the consequences of climate change. The individual chapters in the intended book provide both theoretical and practical exposure to the current issues and future challenges of climate change in relation to the microbiomes. This collection should serve as ready reference to the researchers working in the area to reshape their future research in addressing the challenges of global climate change.

Author : Christian Klug,Dieter Korn,Kenneth De Baets,Isabelle Kruta,Royal H. Mapes
Publisher : Springer
Page : 934 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401796309

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Ammonoid Paleobiology: From anatomy to ecology by Christian Klug,Dieter Korn,Kenneth De Baets,Isabelle Kruta,Royal H. Mapes Pdf

This two-volume work is a testament to the abiding interest and human fascination with ammonites. We offer a new model to explain the morphogenesis of septa and the shell, we explore their habitats by the content of stable isotopes in their shells, we discuss the origin and later evolution of this important clade, and we deliver hypotheses on its demise. The Ammonoidea produced a great number of species that can be used in biostratigraphy and possibly, this is the macrofossil group, which has been used the most for that purpose. Nevertheless, many aspects of their anatomy, mode of life, development or paleobiogeographic distribution are still poorly known. Themes treated are biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleoenvironment, paleobiogeography, evolution, phylogeny, and ontogeny. Advances such as an explosion of new information about ammonites, new technologies such as isotopic analysis, tomography and virtual paleontology in general, as well as continuous discovery of new fossil finds have given us the opportunity to present a comprehensive and timely "state of the art" compilation. Moreover, it also points the way for future studies to further enhance our understanding of this endlessly fascinating group of organisms.

Author : Hiroshi Kitazato,Joan M. Bernhard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431543886

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Approaches to Study Living Foraminifera by Hiroshi Kitazato,Joan M. Bernhard Pdf

Foraminiferal cultures now serve as tools for researching biological, environmental, and geological topics. However, the biological backgrounds, in particular the natural histories of foraminifera, largely remain unclear. It is also true that the different techniques used in different subdisciplines are a setback to fully understanding the subject. Taken together, these factors prevent progress in experimental approaches to foraminiferal studies. This book aims to share and exchange knowledge between researchers from different subdisciplines, and the book should interest not only foraminiferal researchers but also scientists who are working with marine organisms to explore questions in relation to biology, geology, and oceanography.

Author : Jean-Pierre Cuif,Yannicke Dauphin,James E. Sorauf
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 503 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521874731

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Biominerals and Fossils Through Time by Jean-Pierre Cuif,Yannicke Dauphin,James E. Sorauf Pdf

Fossil biomineralizarion in a geologic framework for advanced students and researchers in paleontology, Earth history, evolution, sedimentology, geochemistry, and materials science.

Author : Stefano Goffredo,Zvy Dubinsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 673 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400767041

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The Mediterranean Sea by Stefano Goffredo,Zvy Dubinsky Pdf

This volume is an indispensable addition to the multidisciplinary coverage of the science of the Mediterranean Sea. The editors have gathered leading authorities from the fields of Marine Biology, Ecology, paleoclimatology, Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Zoology, Botany, Aquatic Photosynthesis, Socioeconomics, Mariculture, Mediterranean History and Science of Humanity. Beginning with the birth of the Mediterranean Sea and its myths. From coral to fish, an introduction is given to its major inhabitants of plants and animals past and present. The chapters illustrate how organisms interact as part of the structure and function of the Sea's main ecosystems. The rise of the Mediterranean as the cradle of the Western Civilization leads to a discourse on the status of human interaction with the sea. Accelerating global climate change, water warming, ocean acidification and sea level rise, and analyses of their effects on key organisms, entire ecosystems and human socioeconomics are given. Forecasting and predictions are presented taking into account different future scenarios from the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change). The volume is richly illustrated in color, with an extensive bibliography. A valuable addition to the limited literature in the field, offering up-to-date broad coverage merging science and humanities.​

Author : Randi D. Rotjan,Diva Amon,William W. Chadwick,Stephen Hammond
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-04-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889666829

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Pacific Deep-Sea Discoveries: Geological and Biological Exploration, Patterns, and Processes by Randi D. Rotjan,Diva Amon,William W. Chadwick,Stephen Hammond Pdf

Author : Craig Johnson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780203631560

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Echinoderms in a Changing World by Craig Johnson Pdf

Echinoderms are an ancient and diverse group of marine animals with a rich fossil record. They occur abundantly in all modern oceans and at all depths, where they contribute importantly to patterns in biodiversity and to the structure and functioning of marine systems. It is therefore vital to understand how they will respond to a rapidly cha

Author : J. John Lowe,Michael J.C Walker
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781317753711

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Reconstructing Quaternary Environments by J. John Lowe,Michael J.C Walker Pdf

This third edition of Reconstructing Quaternary Environments has been completely revised and updated to provide a new account of the history and scale of environmental changes during the Quaternary. The evidence is extremely diverse ranging from landforms and sediments to fossil assemblages and geochemical data, and includes new data from terrestrial, marine and ice-core records. Dating methods are described and evaluated, while the principles and practices of Quaternary stratigraphy are also discussed. The volume concludes with a new chapter which considers some of the key questions about the nature, causes and consequences of global climatic and environmental change over a range of temporal scales. This synthesis builds on the methods and approaches described earlier in the book to show how a number of exciting ideas that have emerged over the last two decades are providing new insights into the operation of the global earth-ocean-atmosphere system, and are now central to many areas of contemporary Quaternary research. This comprehensive and dynamic textbook is richly illustrated throughout with full-colour figures and photographs. The book will be of interest to undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals in Earth Science, Environmental Science, Physical Geography, Geology, Botany, Zoology, Ecology, Archaeology and Anthropology

Author : Bärbel Hönisch,Stephen M. Eggins,Laura L. Haynes,Katherine A. Allen,Katherine D. Holland,Katja Lorbacher
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119010647

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Boron Proxies in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology by Bärbel Hönisch,Stephen M. Eggins,Laura L. Haynes,Katherine A. Allen,Katherine D. Holland,Katja Lorbacher Pdf

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions do not only warm our planet but also acidify our oceans. It is currently unclear to which degree Earth’s climate and marine life will be impacted by these changes but information from Earth history, particularly the geochemical signals of past environmental changes stored in the fossil remains of marine organisms, can help us predict possible future changes. This book aims to be a primer for scientists who seek to apply boron proxies in marine carbonates to estimate past seawater carbonate chemistry and atmospheric pCO2. Boron proxies (δ11B and B/Ca) were introduced nearly three decades ago, with subsequent strides being made in understanding their mechanistic functioning. This text reviews current knowledge about the aqueous systematics, the inorganic and biological controls on boron isotope fractionation and incorporation into marine carbonates, as well as the analytical techniques for measurement of boron proxies. Laboratory and field calibrations of the boron proxies are summarized, and similarities between modern calibrations are explored to suggest estimates for proxy sensitivities in marine calcifiers that are now extinct. Example applications illustrate the potential for reconstructing paleo-atmospheric pCO2 from boron isotopes. Also explored are the sensitivity of paleo-ocean acidity and pCO2 reconstructions to boron isotope proxy systematics that are currently less well understood, including the elemental and boron isotopic composition of seawater through time, seawater alkalinity, temperature and salinity, and their collective impact on the uncertainty of paleo-reconstructions. The B/Ca proxy is based on the same mechanistic principles as the boron isotope proxy, but empirical calibrations suggest seawater pH is not the only controlling factor. B/Ca therefore has the potential to provide a second carbonate parameter that could be paired with δ11B to fully constrain the ocean carbonate system, but the associated uncertainties are large. This text reviews and examines what is currently known about the B/Ca proxy systematics. As more scientists embark on characterizing past ocean acidity and atmospheric pCO2, Boron in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology provides a resource to introduce geoscientists to the opportunities and complications of boron proxies, including potential avenues to further refine them.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Geology
ISBN : UIUC:30112083046281

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New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics by Anonim Pdf

Author : Elaine DiMasi,Laurie B. Gower
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466518353

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Biomineralization Sourcebook by Elaine DiMasi,Laurie B. Gower Pdf

What does it mean to be at the forefront of a characterization technique? Novel implementation and research, finding new ways to visualize composites, and new techniques all play a role. Yet with the myriad of advances in the field, keeping up with new and advanced techniques, often from many different areas, has become a challenge. Biomineralization Sourcebook: Characterization of Biominerals and Biomimetic Materials emphasizes the interplay between multiple techniques at their current frontiers and explores how such studies may be carried out. The book addresses atomic and molecular structure: how it is described, detected, and assessed for importance. It then highlights additional measurements especially well-suited to looking at two- and three-dimensional systems with heterogeneous, if not hierarchical, structure. These systems enable particular aspects of biominerals and biomimetic models to be scrutinized. The text presents state-of-the-art methods to assess properties of the composite, and represents current approaches and aspirations to measuring entire biological working structures while retaining as much fine-grained biophysical information as possible. In all these chapters, authors showcase discoveries from their own programs. Along the way, the book takes you on a tour from microscopy's eighteenth century roots, to the recent literature and diverse research programs of the contributing investigators, to the multi-million dollar National Laboratory facilities that all play their roles to illuminate the ever-fascinating biominerals. A snapshot of the state of the art in a spectrum of experimental techniques applied to a common interdisciplinary goal, where the ability to use the more advanced techniques often requires funding for collaboration and travel, the book will deepen the appreciation for the massive interdisciplinary effort underway, educate researchers across the field, and motivate new collaborations.