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As a young lawyer in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Louis Brandeis, born into a family of reformers who came to the United States to escape European anti-Semitism, established the way modern law is practiced. He was an early champion of the right to privacy and pioneer the idea of pro bono work by attorneys. Brandeis invented savings bank life insurance in Massachusetts and was a driving force in the development of the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Reserve Act, and the law establishing the Federal Trade Commission. Brandeis witnessed and suffered from the anti-Semitism rampant in the United States in the early twentieth century, and with the outbreak of World War I, became at age fifty-eight the head of the American Zionist movement. During the brutal six-month congressional confirmation battle that ensued when Woodrow Wilson nominated him to the Supreme Court in 1916, Brandeis was described as “a disturbing element in any gentlemen’s club.” But once on the Court, he became one of its most influential members, developing the modern jurisprudence of free speech and the doctrine of a constitutionally protected right to privacy and suggesting what became known as the doctrine of incorporation, by which the Bill of Rights came to apply to the states. In this award-winning biography, Melvin Urofsky gives us a panoramic view of Brandeis’s unprecedented impact on American society and law.
Letters of Louis D. Brandeis: Volume II, 1907-1912 by Louis D. Brandeis Pdf
The letters in this volume record an important transition in Brandeis's life. In July 1907, when the letters begin, Louis D. Brandeis was merely an unusually successful local reformer. His earlier victories against the Boston Elevated and the Boston Consolidated Gas Company, even his stunning success in the achievement of the Savings Bank Life Insurance law in Massachusetts, all centered exclusively upon Boston or Massachusetts problems. But by December 1912, when this book ends, Brandeis was one of the best known social activists in the United States. He received regular national attention in popular periodicals and advised the newly elected President of the United States. As these letters show, Brandeis always kept one eye on Massachusetts affairs--supervising the inauguration of the insurance reform, continuing to oppose long-term franchises for the subway, and advising Massachusetts governors on proposed bills and prospective appointments. But he devoted the major part of his energy in this five-and-a-half-year period to a series of crusades of crucial national importance. He attacked the attempt of Mellen and Morgan to gain a monopoly hold over new England transportation as he strenuously and doggedly opposed the merger of the Boston & Maine with the New Haven railroad. He entered, in a leading role, the most celebrated conservation battle of his generation, the Pinchot-Ballinger controversy, and he emerged as a major spokesman for the preservation and orderly development of natural resources. He helped to hammer together an arbitration mechanism to maintain industrial peace within the New York garment trades, a mechanism he believed would have broad implications for the future of industrial democracy in America. He battled the demands of the railroads for increased rates; he joined the crusade for efficiency and scientific management; and he directed repeated blows against the huge concentrations of economic power within the national economy. It should not be surprising that Brandeis and Robert M. LaFollette were drawn together, and these letters will show both the extent of that relationship and the way in which Brandeis's influence spread to other progressives in Congress. Other matters--his earliest Zionist activities, his achievement in defending progressive state legislation before the Supreme Court, his interest in Alaskan development along conservationist lines, his plan for the regularity of employment, his role in the Presidential campaign of 1912--are all part of his work during these turbulent years and are all touched upon in greater or lesser detail in these letters.
In this engaging account, the first president of Brandeis tells how many formidable obstacles to launching a new university without initial capital endowment or any hope of alumni support for at least a generation were overcome; how academic goals were drafted, distinguished faculty recruited, and chairs endowed; and how a dilapidated campus was expended into a well-organized plant of some 90 buildings. In this revision of the 1976 edition, Abram L. Sachar expands the scope of his commentary and imbues it with a critical depth and objectivity that comes from 20 additional years of active involvement in the service of the university.
From Colonial America to intermarriage in present times, Louis Brandeis covers such controversial issues as Jews and Blacks and Jews and politics, with each point being analyzed through the eyes of history and a strong dose of irreverence.
Letters of Louis D. Brandeis: Volume IV, 1916-1921 by Louis Dembitz Brandeis,Melvin L. Urofsky Pdf
During his long career of public service, first as a reform-minded lawyer and later as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Louis Dembitz Brandeis (1856-1941) had a profound influence upon American life in this century. In the words of Max Lerner: "Years from now, when historians can look back and put our time into perspective, they will say that one of its towering figures--more truly great than generals and diplomats, business giants and labor giants, bigger than most of our presidents--was a man called Brandeis." Other respected authorities have asserted that, except for John Marshall and Oliver Wendell Holmes, no jurist has exerted so broad and enduring influence upon American jurisprudence as Brandeis. Now assembled for the first time and planned for publication in a five-volume series are the Brandeis letters. In Vol. 1, (1870-1907): Urban Reformer, are letters written by Brandeis during his first years as a lawyer and social activist. They illuminate, in a day to day way, seemingly small areas of social action which are rarely documented and are so often lost in historical haze. They show what liberal reformers were thinking and doing in the Progressive Era and reveal the techniques, tactics, and strategies they employed in working within the system to find solutions to the human and urban problems of their day. In the process, they focus on many problems of contemporary concern and furnish insights into ways of organizing citizen pressure to effect social change.
Author : Lewis J. Paper Publisher : Open Road Media Page : 734 pages File Size : 45,5 Mb Release : 2014-06-10 Category : Biography & Autobiography ISBN : 9781497622746
The life story of the Kentucky-born son of immigrants who became part of American history in 1916 as the first Jewish Supreme Court justice. This vivid biography reflects the fullness of Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis’s personal and professional lives. Born in Kentucky shortly before the Civil War, Brandeis rose to national fame as “the people’s attorney”—the first public interest lawyer—and went on to become an adviser to Woodrow Wilson and a confidant of Franklin Roosevelt.
According to Jeffrey Rosen, Louis D. Brandeis was “the Jewish Jefferson,” the greatest critic of what he called “the curse of bigness,” in business and government, since the author of the Declaration of Independence. Published to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of his Supreme Court confirmation on June 1, 1916, Louis D. Brandeis: American Prophet argues that Brandeis was the most farseeing constitutional philosopher of the twentieth century. In addition to writing the most famous article on the right to privacy, he also wrote the most important Supreme Court opinions about free speech, freedom from government surveillance, and freedom of thought and opinion. And as the leader of the American Zionist movement, he convinced Woodrow Wilson and the British government to recognize a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Combining narrative biography with a passionate argument for why Brandeis matters today, Rosen explores what Brandeis, the Jeffersonian prophet, can teach us about historic and contemporary questions involving the Constitution, monopoly, corporate and federal power, technology, privacy, free speech, and Zionism.
Louis D. Brandeis is a figure of perennial significance in American history. Brilliant lawyer, innovative reformer, seminal thinker, and judicial giant, he left few significant issues in American society untouched during the course of his long and productive career. The last several decades have been particularly rich in Brandeis historiography, creating the need for a work surveying current scholarship and addressing critical issues. Brandeis and America more than meets this need. Six distinguished Brandeis scholars—David J. Danelski, Nelson L. Dawson, Allon Gal, David W. Levy, Philippa Strum, and Melvin I. Urofsky—offer richly analytical essays illuminating key aspects of Brandeis's impact on American life: his relationship to the Progressive movement, his involvement in Zionism, his role as a New Deal advisor, and his significance in constitutional law. In addition, the book contains a comprehensive survey of Brandeis historiography, a reference chronology of his life, and an exploration of the deeply controversial issue of judicial propriety. It should prove a powerful stimulus to future Brandeis research. These essays not only contribute to an understanding of Brandeis himself but also cast light on vital political, social, and economic issues in twentieth-century America, issues that are sure to be with us well into the next century.
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction: Isaiah and Jefferson -- 1. The Curse of Bigness -- 2. Other People's Money -- 3. Laboratories of Democracy -- 4. The Perfect Citizen in the Perfect State -- Epilogue: What Would Brandeis Do? -- Notes -- Acknowledgments
Brandeis on Democracy by Louis Dembitz Brandeis Pdf
Philippa Strum, our foremost authority on Louis Brandeis, gathers together for the first time a sterling selection from his most provocative and profound writings. A kind of "Portable Brandeis," this book provides a concise and readable guide to the thought of a truly great American. Brandeis, the Ralph Nader of the early twentieth century, was known as the "People's Attorney" for his continuous crusades on behalf of the public. He spoke before citizens' groups and legislative bodies, wrote articles for popular magazines, put his ideas about industrial democracy in the briefs he submitted as a lawyer and later in the opinions he wrote as a Supreme Court justice (1916-1938), and advised presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt. The problems Brandeis faced and the answers he fashioned could have leaped from today's newspapers: corruption in government, conflicts between majority rule and minority rights, movements to limit free speech and the right to privacy, gender equality, the importance of education, the causes of and possible solutions for poverty, the social costs of excessive political or corporate power, the uneasy relationship between lawyers and the public, efficiency and justice in the workplace, the tension between Federal power and states' autonomy, and the responsibility of citizens to their community. In all his endeavors, Brandeis emphasized both political and economic democracy, citizen participation, and a balance between rights and responsibilities. As leader of the American Zionist movement from 1914 through the 1930s, he dreamed of a democratic Jewish homeland in Palestine founded on Jeffersonian principles. And there were similar echoes of the Founding Fathers in his campaign against the corporate trusts in the United States. These selections from Brandeis's speeches, letters to family and colleagues, newspaper interviews, articles, and judicial opinions offer us the essence of Brandeis's genius and allow us to appreciate the range and relevance of his ideas for America today.
Friedl Dicker-Brandeis by Stefanie Kitzberger,Cosima Rainer,Linda Schädler Pdf
Bauhaus artist Friedl Dicker-Brandeis The work of Friedl Dicker-Brandeis (1898–1944) occupies a key position in the broader history of the Austrian avant-garde while also deepening our understanding of modernism. Her work covers an impressive range of media and genres in the visual and applied arts. Influenced by her studies at Vienna’s Kunstgewerbeschule (which later became the University of Applied Arts Vienna), the Itten Private School, and the Bauhaus in Weimar, she worked as a painter, stage designer, architect, designer in Vienna and Berlin, in exile, and as a deportee. This book explores the heterogeneity of Dicker’s work, reconstructs her artistic strategies and references to aesthetic and political discourses from the 1920s to the 1940s, and documents for the first time her works in the collection of the University of Applied Arts Vienna. Portrait of her work and collection catalog, dedicated to the artist, designer, and architect Friedl Dicker-Brandeis Essays by Julie M. Johnson, Robin Rehm, Daniela Stöppel, and others To accompany an exhibition in Vienna and Zurich
Brandeis: A Free Man’s Life by Alpheus Thomas Mason Pdf
“Louis D. Brandeis was a great lawyer and a great judge. He was also a zealous champion of the common man, a millionaire three times over, an ardent Zionist, a complex, sometimes inconsistent, lovable individual. Even the most intransigent of his legal and political foes admit today that Brandeis was one of the makers of modern America, a man whose influence upon our thought and institutions can hardly be overestimated. For the last six years Alpheus Thomas Mason, a Professor of Politics at Princeton, has been working upon a monumental authorized biography... There can be no question that it is a triumph of research and organization, clear, precise and comprehensive. Mr. Mason has quoted copiously from Brandeis’ speeches, letters and judicial opinions. He has delved deeply into corporation finances and legal technicalities. One could not reasonably ask for more information about Brandeis than Mr. Mason has assembled... [Brandeis’] philosophy... was based upon a generous concern for the welfare of the underdog. Brandeis often supported it with economic facts, rather than with judicial precedents. To foster the social welfare of the common man Brandeis defended an increase in the powers of Government to control and regulate the affairs of the people. Brandeis was the spiritual father of much of the New Deal, the collateral godfather of Henry Wallace. And yet, it was Brandeis who earlier in his career said, ‘Our Government does not grapple successfully with the duties which it has assumed, and should not extend its operations at least until it does.’ Louis D. Brandeis was born in Louisville, Ky., in 1856. In spite of his frail body, precarious health and the astounding quantities of work he habitually performed, he lived to be nearly 85. After several years of study abroad he entered the Harvard Law School at 18. There his precocious brilliance was so great that his academic record has never been rivaled before or since. With such a record many jobs were open to him. He chose to begin practice in St Louis, but soon returned to Boston, where his success as a corporation lawyer was immediate and spectacular. But Brandeis was a reformer who believed in human rights before property rights, people before law, facts before precedents. It wasn’t long before he became an active champion of civic reform and then of national reform. Mr. Mason calls him a ‘people’s attorney.’ Brandeis sought and fought celebrated cases involving questions of business practices and social justice. ‘My special field of knowledge is figures,’ he said. He overwhelmed insurance men, railroad men and bankers with his detailed knowledge of their businesses. ‘It has been one of the rules of my life that no one shall ever trip me on a question of fact.’ Brandeis exposed abuses of capitalism because he contended that they hastened socialism, which he opposed. He fought monopolies, believing them inefficient as well as unethical, and opposed the closed shop, believing it unjust. ‘I think there is no man or body of men whose character will stand absolute power, and I should no more think of giving absolute power to unions than I should of giving to capital monopoly power.’ While Brandeis infuriated ultra-conservative financial leaders and made headlines flutter with his attacks upon the evils of industrial life insurance, upon the monopolistic and financially unsound structure of the New Haven Railroad, upon the general railroad effort to raise freight rates and upon the steel trust, his own ideas developed. He fought not only in the courts as a brilliant lawyer, but by means of publicity. He made speeches, granted interviews, wrote articles, rounded up pressure letters. And in all of these he preached the concepts he made famous: the need of regularity in employment, the need of more efficient management, ‘the curse of bigness,’ the irresponsible use made by some banks of ‘other people’s money.’ So it was no wonder that Brandeis made enemies, that when Wilson nominated him to be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court plenty of prominent individuals almost made the air of the Senate subcommittee room blue with their fury. But the appointment went through and Brandeis’ vast store of information, his industry and his idealism proved invaluable to the court. Mr. Mason says that he wrote his great dissents because he was a partisan of a theory of social justice which was opposed to that held by the court majority. Holmes, on the other hand, he says, dissented because his enlightened skepticism kept him from siding with either group and left him free to decide pure constitutionality untroubled by philosophic formulas.” — Orville Prescott, The New York Times “Professor Mason has written more than an authoritative record and interpretation of what he calls in his suggestive subtitle ‘A Free Man’s Life.’ This stimulating, highly readable book is also a chronicle of the processes of American democracy at work. This is a biography with a larger meaning — on all counts, it deserves a wide audience.” — Harvey Bresler, The New York Times “In a great biography the author has done full justice to a great man — and given it a symbolism that makes it virtually a composite of American social history during a half century. Rooted in years of study, evidenced by previous publications on Brandeis, the biographer reveals to his readers Louis Brandeis, the people’s lawyer who became a Justice of the Supreme Court. He has done a magnificent job, covering every phase of his life, with main focus on his professional and public service, but with enough of his personal life, enough of his friends — and his enemies — and the personalities who crossed his path, enough of anecdote and minor incident, to give the book- and its subject — lasting vitality.” — Kirkus Reviews “[Brandeis’] life, as Professor Mason recounts it, was an unending series of causes and campaigns. He threw himself into them with gusto. He said of himself that he ‘would rather fight than eat.’... [Brandeis] was indeed a great man, as Mr. Mason’s biography makes clear. It is primarily a public and political biography; the intimate man is implied rather than described. But Professor Mason within the limits he has set has done a splendid job of research; he has told the story in great detail with care, precision, and detachment... He has done well to quote copiously from Brandeis who spoke and wrote with verve and with an eye to education and action.” — Louis L. Jaffe,University of Chicago Law Review “[A] superior, full-length biography... [Brandeis] was the arch foe of monopoly in industry, stood out against the closed shop in labor relations, and had no faith in socialism. Always, as Professor Mason stresses again and again, his method was to achieve complete mastery of the facts in relation to any problem in which he became interested and then to promote what he deemed to be sound solutions, enlisting aid in every conceivable quarter; keeping up a stream of advocacy and comment, signed and unsigned; stimulating others to do likewise; and giving of his substance as well as of his time and energy to almost every cause he attacked-leaving nothing to chance and no stone unturned. All this as a private citizen, while practicing law in the city of Boston... All hail... to Professor Mason for presenting us with this full length history of the embodiment of a living ideal. Into it have gone exhaustive study of the correspondence and documents and firsthand knowledge of the subject. This book will undoubtedly be widely read, as it should be; and as it is read, the Brandeis influence will be strengthened and prolonged in American life. Such a work is a major contribution to society, as well as a source of unending pleasure to the reader.” — Ralph F. Fuchs, Texas Law Review
Louis D. Brandeis and the Making of Regulated Competition, 1900-1932 by Gerald Berk Pdf
This book provides an innovative interpretation of industrialization and statebuilding in the U.S. by tracing the development of regulated competition. Conceptualized by Brandeis and implemented by trade associations and the Federal Trade Commission, regulated competition checked economic power by channeling competition from predation into improvement in products and production processes.
