Brownian Motion And Molecular Reality

Author : Raghav Seth,George E. Smith
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190098025

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Brownian Motion and Molecular Reality by Raghav Seth,George E. Smith Pdf

Between 1905 and 1913, French physicist Jean Perrin's experiments on Brownian motion ostensibly put a definitive end to the long debate regarding the real existence of molecules, proving the atomic theory of matter. While Perrin's results had a significant impact at the time, later examination of his experiments questioned whether he really gained experimental access to the molecular realm. The experiments were successful in determining the mean kinetic energy of the granules of Brownian motion; however, the values for molecular magnitudes Perrin inferred from them simply presupposed that the granule mean kinetic energy was the same as the mean molecular kinetic energy in the fluid in which the granules move. This stipulation became increasingly questionable in the years between 1908 and 1913, as significantly lower values for these magnitudes were obtained from other experimental results like alpha-particle emissions, ionization, and Planck's blackbody radiation equation. In this case study in the history and philosophy of science, George E. Smith and Raghav Seth here argue that despite doubts, Perrin's measurements were nevertheless exemplars of theory-mediated measurement-the practice of obtaining values for an inaccessible quantity by inferring them from an accessible proxy via theoretical relationships between them. They argue that it was actually Perrin more than any of his contemporaries who championed this approach during the years in question. The practice of theory-mediated measurement in physics had a long history before 1900, but the concerted efforts of Perrin, Rutherford, Millikan, Planck, and their colleagues led to the central role this form of evidence has had in microphysical research ever since. Seth and Smith's study thus replaces an untenable legend with an account that is not only tenable, but more instructive about what the evidence did and did not show.

Author : Jean Perrin
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780486174723

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Brownian Movement and Molecular Reality by Jean Perrin Pdf

How do we know that molecules really exist? An important clue came from Brownian movement, a concept developed in 1827 by botanist Robert Brown, who noticed that tiny objects like pollen grains shook and moved erratically when viewed under a microscope. Nearly 80 years later, in 1905, Albert Einstein explained this "Brownian motion" as the result of bombardment by molecules. Einstein offered a quantitative explanation by mathematically estimating the average distance covered by the particles over time as a result of molecular bombardment. Four years later, Jean Baptiste Perrin wrote Brownian Movement and Molecular Reality, a work that explains his painstaking measurements of the displacements of particles of a resin suspended in water — experiments that yielded average displacements in excellent accord with Einstein's theoretical prediction. The studies of Einstein and Perrin provided some of the first concrete evidence for the existence of molecules. Perrin, whose name is familiar to all who employ his methods for calculations in molecular dynamics, received the 1926 Nobel Prize in physics. In this classic paper, he introduced the concept of Avogadro's number, along with other groundbreaking work. Originally published in the French journal Annates de chimie et de physique, it was translated into English by Frederick Soddy to enduring influence and acclaim.

Author : JEAN. PERRIN
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1033993700

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BROWNIAN MOVEMENT AND MOLECULAR REALITY by JEAN. PERRIN Pdf

Author : Jean Perrin
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 033182390X

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Brownian Movement and Molecular Reality (Classic Reprint) by Jean Perrin Pdf

Excerpt from Brownian Movement and Molecular Reality These familiar ideas, however, only hold good for 'the scale of size to which our organism is accustomed, and the simple use of the microscope suffices to impress on us new ones which substitute a kinetic for the old static conception of the fluid state. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Author : M. Jean Perrin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1910
Category : Brownian movements
ISBN : OCLC:223791931

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Brownian Movement and Molecular Reality by M. Jean Perrin Pdf

Author : Mary Jo Nye
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Science
ISBN : UCAL:B4252922

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Molecular Reality by Mary Jo Nye Pdf

Author : Rachel Crossland
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-16
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780192547989

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Modernist Physics by Rachel Crossland Pdf

Modernist Physics takes as its focus the ideas associated with three scientific papers published by Albert Einstein in 1905, considering the dissemination of those ideas both within and beyond the scientific field, and exploring the manifestation of similar ideas in the literary works of Virginia Woolf and D. H. Lawrence. Drawing on Gillian Beer's suggestion that literature and science 'share the moment's discourse', Modernist Physics seeks both to combine and to distinguish between the two standard approaches within the field of literature and science: direct influence and the zeitgeist. The book is divided into three parts, each of which focuses on the ideas associated with one of Einstein's papers. Part I considers Woolf in relation to Einstein's paper on light quanta, arguing that questions of duality and complementarity had a wider cultural significance in the early twentieth century than has yet been acknowledged, and suggesting that Woolf can usefully be considered a complementary, rather than a dualistic, writer. Part II looks at Lawrence's reading of at least one book on relativity in 1921, and his subsequent suggestion in Fantasia of the Unconscious that 'we are in sad need of a theory of human relativity', a theory which is shown to be relevant to Lawrence's writing of relationships both before and after 1921. Part III considers Woolf and Lawrence together alongside late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century discussions of molecular physics and crowd psychology, suggesting that Einstein's work on Brownian motion provides a useful model for thinking about individual literary characters.

Author : William Demopoulos
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674269729

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On Theories by William Demopoulos Pdf

A renowned philosopher’s final work, illuminating how the logical empiricist tradition has failed to appreciate the role of actual experiments in forming its philosophy of science. The logical empiricist treatment of physics dominated twentieth-century philosophy of science. But the logical empiricist tradition, for all it accomplished, does not do justice to the way in which empirical evidence functions in modern physics. In his final work, the late philosopher of science William Demopoulos contends that philosophers have failed to provide an adequate epistemology of science because they have failed to appreciate the tightly woven character of theory and evidence. As a consequence, theory comes apart from evidence. This trouble is nowhere more evident than in theorizing about particle and quantum physics. Arguing that we must consider actual experiments as they have unfolded across history, Demopoulos provides a new epistemology of theories and evidence, albeit one that stands on the shoulders of giants. On Theories finds clarity in Isaac Newton’s suspicion of mere “hypotheses.” Newton’s methodology lies in the background of Jean Perrin’s experimental investigations of molecular reality and of the subatomic investigations of J. J. Thomson and Robert Millikan. Demopoulos extends this account to offer novel insights into the distinctive nature of quantum reality, where a logico-mathematical reconstruction of Bohrian complementarity meets John Stewart Bell’s empirical analysis of Einstein’s “local realism.” On Theories ultimately provides a new interpretation of quantum probabilities as themselves objectively representing empirical reality.

Author : Roger L. Lundblad
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351680547

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Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium by Roger L. Lundblad Pdf

This book is an accessible resource offering practical information not found in more database-oriented resources. The first chapter lists acronyms with definitions, and a glossary of terms and subjects used in biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, proteomics, genomics, and systems biology. There follows chapters on chemicals employed in biochemistry and molecular biology, complete with properties and structure drawings. Researchers will find this book to be a valuable tool that will save them time, as well as provide essential links to the roots of their science. Key selling features: Contains an extensive list of commonly used acronyms with definitions Offers a highly readable glossary for systems and techniques Provides comprehensive information for the validation of biotechnology assays and manufacturing processes Includes a list of Log P values, water solubility, and molecular weight for selected chemicals Gives a detailed listing of protease inhibitors and cocktails, as well as a list of buffers

Author : Mary Jo Nye
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : UOM:39015017193833

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Molecular Reality by Mary Jo Nye Pdf

Author : Dongqing Li
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 2242 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2008-08-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780387324685

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Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics by Dongqing Li Pdf

Covering all aspects of transport phenomena on the nano- and micro-scale, this encyclopedia features over 750 entries in three alphabetically-arranged volumes including the most up-to-date research, insights, and applied techniques across all areas. Coverage includes electrical double-layers, optofluidics, DNC lab-on-a-chip, nanosensors, and more.

Author : George G. Szpiro
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2011-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780465028153

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Pricing the Future by George G. Szpiro Pdf

Options have been traded for hundreds of years, but investment decisions were based on gut feelings until the Nobel Prize–winning discovery of the Black-Scholes options pricing model in 1973 ushered in the era of the “quants.” Wall Street would never be the same. In Pricing the Future, financial economist George G. Szpiro tells the fascinating stories of the pioneers of mathematical finance who conducted the search for the elusive options pricing formula. From the broker's assistant who published the first mathematical explanation of financial markets to Albert Einstein and other scientists who looked for a way to explain the movement of atoms and molecules, Pricing the Future retraces the historical and intellectual developments that ultimately led to the widespread use of mathematical models to drive investment strategies on Wall Street.

Author : Mary Jo Nye
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 746 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Atomic theory
ISBN : WISC:89010860468

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Jean Perrin and Molecular Reality by Mary Jo Nye Pdf

Author : Albert P. Philipse
Publisher : Springer
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319980539

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Brownian Motion by Albert P. Philipse Pdf

This textbook is an introduction to the Brownian motion of colloids and nano-particles, and the diffusion of molecules. One very appealing aspect of Brownian motion, as this book illustrates, is that the subject connects a broad variety of topics, including thermal physics, hydrodynamics, reaction kinetics, fluctuation phenomena, statistical thermodynamics, osmosis and colloid science. The book is based on a set of lecture notes that the authors used for an undergraduate course at the University of Utrecht, Netherland. It aims to provide more than a simplified qualitative description of the subject, without getting bogged down in difficult mathematics. Each chapter contains exercises, ranging from straightforward ones to more involved problems, addressing instances from (thermal motion in) chemistry, physics and life sciences. Exercises also deal with derivations or calculations that are skipped in the main text. The book offers a treatment of Brownian motion on a level appropriate for bachelor/undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, soft matter and the life sciences. PhD students attending courses and doing research in colloid science or soft matter will also benefit from this book.

Author : Albert Philipse
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Brownian motion processes
ISBN : 3319980548

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Brownian Motion by Albert Philipse Pdf

This textbook is an introduction to the Brownian motion of colloids and nano-particles, and the diffusion of molecules. One very appealing aspect of Brownian motion, as this book illustrates, is that the subject connects a broad variety of topics, including thermal physics, hydrodynamics, reaction kinetics, fluctuation phenomena, statistical thermodynamics, osmosis and colloid science. The book is based on a set of lecture notes that the authors used for an undergraduate course at the University of Utrecht, Netherland. It aims to provide more than a simplified qualitative description of the subject, without getting bogged down in difficult mathematics. Each chapter contains exercises, ranging from straightforward ones to more involved problems, addressing instances from (thermal motion in) chemistry, physics and life sciences. Exercises also deal with derivations or calculations that are skipped in the main text. The book offers a treatment of Brownian motion on a level appropriate for bachelor/undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, soft matter and the life sciences. PhD students attending courses and doing research in colloid science or soft matter will also benefit from this book.