Building Resilience To Natural Disasters An Application To Small Developing States

Author : Ricardo Marto,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou,Mr.Vladimir Klyuev
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484324745

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Building Resilience to Natural Disasters: An Application to Small Developing States by Ricardo Marto,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou,Mr.Vladimir Klyuev Pdf

We present a dynamic small open economy model to explore the macroeconomic impact of natural disasters. In addition to permanent damages to public and private capital, the disaster causes temporary losses of productivity, inefficiencies during the reconstruction process, and damages to the sovereign's creditworthiness. We use the model to study the debt sustainability concerns that arise from the need to rebuild public infrastructure over the medium term and analyze the feasibility of ex ante policies, such as building adaptation infrastructure and fiscal buffers, and contrast these policies with the post-disaster support provided by donors. Investing in resilient infrastructure may prove useful, in particular if it is viewed as complementary to standard infrastructure, because it raises the marginal product of private capital, crowding in private investment, while helping withstand the impact of the natural disaster. In an application to Vanuatu, we find that donors should provide an additional 50% of pre-cyclone GDP in grants to be spent over the following 15 years to ensure public debt remains sustainable following Cyclone Pam. Helping the government build resilience on the other hand, reduces the risk of debt distress and at lower cost for donors.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781498345095

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Small States Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Small developing states are disproportionately vulnerable to natural disasters. On average, the annual cost of disasters for small states is nearly 2 percent of GDP—more than four times that for larger countries. This reflects a higher frequency of disasters, adjusted for land area, as well as greater vulnerability to severe disasters. About 9 percent of disasters in small states involve damage of more than 30 percent of GDP, compared to less than 1 percent for larger states. Greater exposure to disasters has important macroeconomic effects on small states, resulting in lower investment, lower GDP per capita, higher poverty, and a more volatile revenue base.

Author : Denny Lewis-Bynoe
Publisher : Commonwealth Secretariat
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781849291286

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Building the Resilience of Small States by Denny Lewis-Bynoe Pdf

Some small states enjoy relatively high GDP per capita –giving the impression of economic strength – when in reality these economies are fragile and disproportionately affected by adverse economic shocks, natural disasters and extreme weather events. The Commonwealth resilience framework has been developed to identify both the national policies required to build resilience and the areas in which regional and international development partners can provide support. This study refines and expands the framework to cover areas such as governance, environmental management and social development. It proposes policy measures for building resilience and ways in which the resilience framework for small states can be embedded in national planning to help stakeholders to agree priority areas for policy intervention.

Author : OECD,The World Bank
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264266919

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Climate and Disaster Resilience Financing in Small Island Developing States by OECD,The World Bank Pdf

Storms, hurricanes, and cyclones have been a feature of life on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) for centuries. But climate change is now increasing the intensity of these disasters, as well as creating new developmental challenges - like rising sea levels and increasing ocean acidity - ...

Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-06-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781498321020

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Building Resilience in Developing Countries Vulnerable to Large Natural Disasters by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department,International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.,International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept Pdf

This paper discusses how countries vulnerable to natural disasters can reduce the associated human and economic cost. Building on earlier work by IMF staff, the paper views disaster risk management through the lens of a three-pillar strategy for building structural, financial, and post-disaster (including social) resilience. A coherent disaster resilience strategy, based on a diagnostic of risks and cost-effective responses, can provide a road map for how to tackle disaster related vulnerabilities. It can also help mobilize much-needed support from the international community.

Author : Jonathan D. Paul,David M. Hannah,Wei Liu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889634019

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Citizen Science: Reducing Risk and Building Resilience to Natural Hazards by Jonathan D. Paul,David M. Hannah,Wei Liu Pdf

Author : Stephane Hallegatte,Jun Rentschler,Julie Rozenberg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464814310

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Lifelines by Stephane Hallegatte,Jun Rentschler,Julie Rozenberg Pdf

Infrastructure—electricity, telecommunications, roads, water, and sanitation—are central to people’s lives. Without it, they cannot make a living, stay healthy, and maintain a good quality of life. Access to basic infrastructure is also a key driver of economic development. This report lays out a framework for understanding infrastructure resilience - the ability of infrastructure systems to function and meet users’ needs during and after a natural hazard. It focuses on four infrastructure systems that are essential to economic activity and people’s well-being: power systems, including the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity; water and sanitation—especially water utilities; transport systems—multiple modes such as road, rail, waterway, and airports, and multiple scales, including urban transit and rural access; and telecommunications, including telephone and Internet connections.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513571577

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Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in Small Developing States with Climate Vulnerabilities: Cost and Financing by International Monetary Fund Pdf

Small Developing States (SDS) face substantial challenges in achieving sustainable development. Many of these challenges relate to the small size and limited diversification of their economies. SDS are also among the most vulnerable countries to the impact of climate change and natural disasters. Meeting SDS sustainable development goals goes hand-in-hand with building their climate resilience. But the additional costs to meet development and resilience objectives are substantial and difficult to finance. This work adapts the IMF SDG Costing methodology to capture the unique characteristics and challenges of climate-vulnerable SDS. It also zooms into financing options, estimating domestic tax potential and discussing the possibility of accessing ‘climate funds.’

Author : Daniel P. Aldrich
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226012896

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Building Resilience by Daniel P. Aldrich Pdf

The factor that makes some communities rebound quickly from disasters while others fall apart: “A fascinating book on an important topic.”—E.L. Hirsch, in Choice Each year, natural disasters threaten the strength and stability of communities worldwide. Yet responses to the challenges of recovery vary greatly and in ways that aren’t explained by the magnitude of the catastrophe or the amount of aid provided by national governments or the international community. The difference between resilience and disrepair, as Daniel P. Aldrich shows, lies in the depth of communities’ social capital. Building Resilience highlights the critical role of social capital in the ability of a community to withstand disaster and rebuild both the infrastructure and the ties that are at the foundation of any community. Aldrich examines the post-disaster responses of four distinct communities—Tokyo following the 1923 earthquake, Kobe after the 1995 earthquake, Tamil Nadu after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and New Orleans post-Katrina—and finds that those with robust social networks were better able to coordinate recovery. In addition to quickly disseminating information and financial and physical assistance, communities with an abundance of social capital were able to minimize the migration of people and valuable resources out of the area. With governments increasingly overstretched and natural disasters likely to increase in frequency and intensity, a thorough understanding of what contributes to efficient reconstruction is more important than ever. Building Resilience underscores a critical component of an effective response.

Author : Alessandro Cantelmo,Mr.Leo Bonato,Mr.Giovanni Melina,Mr.Gonzalo Salinas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-08
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781498302654

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Policy Trade-Offs in Building Resilience to Natural Disasters: The Case of St. Lucia by Alessandro Cantelmo,Mr.Leo Bonato,Mr.Giovanni Melina,Mr.Gonzalo Salinas Pdf

Resilience to climate change and natural disasters hinges on two fundamental elements: financial protection —insurance and self-insurance— and structural protection —investment in adaptation. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated to the St. Lucia’s economy, this paper shows that both strategies considerably reduce the output loss from natural disasters and studies the conditions under which each of the two strategies provides the best protection. While structural protection normally delivers a larger payoff because of its direct dampening effect on the cost of disasters, financial protection is superior when liquidity constraints limit the ability of the government to rebuild public capital promptly. The estimated trade-off is very sensitive to the efficiency of public investment.

Author : Stanko Pelc,Miha Koderman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319590028

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Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization by Stanko Pelc,Miha Koderman Pdf

This book considers de-marginalization attesting that marginal regions have the potential for de-marginalization and are anchored in developmental terms on the following core themes: nature; tourism; ethnicity and general factors including migration. Adding to the discussion on marginality and sustainability this book contributes a number of case studies on a diverse selection of topics and regions in which these crucial issues connect. It delivers a reflection of (de)marginalizing processes in today’s globalized world where an increasing number of people, groups, societies and regions are marginalized and vulnerable not only from social and economic factors, but also from natural causes such as natural hazards. This book addresses the unsustainable practices in the past that have often generated difficult conditions for sustainable development in the future. Marginal regions that have not been developed are given much needed consideration as they may now enjoy the benefits of having not been exploited in the past to their present-day developmental advantage. The overview offered by this book is significant in that marginal regions with relatively unspoiled and attractive natural (and cultural) landscapes have a great potential for sustainable tourism. Contributions include the (de)marginalization of ethnic groups, the role of education and migration in the process, and different economic and political perspectives. Considering the topics covered, the book should be appreciated by all those involved in creation of social policies, urban and regional planning – coordinating economic with spatial and social development and by those studying in the fields were competencies for such activities are important part of the study program.

Author : Stephane Hallegatte,Adrien Vogt-Schilb,Mook Bangalore,Julie Rozenberg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-24
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781464810046

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Unbreakable by Stephane Hallegatte,Adrien Vogt-Schilb,Mook Bangalore,Julie Rozenberg Pdf

'Economic losses from natural disasters totaled $92 billion in 2015.' Such statements, all too commonplace, assess the severity of disasters by no other measure than the damage inflicted on buildings, infrastructure, and agricultural production. But $1 in losses does not mean the same thing to a rich person that it does to a poor person; the gravity of a $92 billion loss depends on who experiences it. By focusing on aggregate losses—the traditional approach to disaster risk—we restrict our consideration to how disasters affect those wealthy enough to have assets to lose in the first place, and largely ignore the plight of poor people. This report moves beyond asset and production losses and shifts its attention to how natural disasters affect people’s well-being. Disasters are far greater threats to well-being than traditional estimates suggest. This approach provides a more nuanced view of natural disasters than usual reporting, and a perspective that takes fuller account of poor people’s vulnerabilities. Poor people suffer only a fraction of economic losses caused by disasters, but they bear the brunt of their consequences. Understanding the disproportionate vulnerability of poor people also makes the case for setting new intervention priorities to lessen the impact of natural disasters on the world’s poor, such as expanding financial inclusion, disaster risk and health insurance, social protection and adaptive safety nets, contingent finance and reserve funds, and universal access to early warning systems. Efforts to reduce disaster risk and poverty go hand in hand. Because disasters impoverish so many, disaster risk management is inseparable from poverty reduction policy, and vice versa. As climate change magnifies natural hazards, and because protection infrastructure alone cannot eliminate risk, a more resilient population has never been more critical to breaking the cycle of disaster-induced poverty.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2011-03-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309162630

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Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience Pdf

Natural disasters-including hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and floods-caused more than 220,000 deaths worldwide in the first half of 2010 and wreaked havoc on homes, buildings, and the environment. To withstand and recover from natural and human-caused disasters, it is essential that citizens and communities work together to anticipate threats, limit their effects, and rapidly restore functionality after a crisis. Increasing evidence indicates that collaboration between the private and public sectors could improve the ability of a community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. Several previous National Research Council reports have identified specific examples of the private and public sectors working cooperatively to reduce the effects of a disaster by implementing building codes, retrofitting buildings, improving community education, or issuing extreme-weather warnings. State and federal governments have acknowledged the importance of collaboration between private and public organizations to develop planning for disaster preparedness and response. Despite growing ad hoc experience across the country, there is currently no comprehensive framework to guide private-public collaboration focused on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Building Community Disaster Resilience through Private-Public Collaboration assesses the current state of private-public sector collaboration dedicated to strengthening community resilience, identifies gaps in knowledge and practice, and recommends research that could be targeted for investment. Specifically, the book finds that local-level private-public collaboration is essential to the development of community resilience. Sustainable and effective resilience-focused private-public collaboration is dependent on several basic principles that increase communication among all sectors of the community, incorporate flexibility into collaborative networks, and encourage regular reassessment of collaborative missions, goals, and practices.

Author : The National Academies,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Increasing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309289740

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Launching a National Conversation on Disaster Resilience in America by The National Academies,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Increasing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters Pdf

With the increasing frequency of natural and human-induced disasters and the increasing magnitude of their consequences, a clear need exists for governments and communities to become more resilient. The National Research Council's 2012 report Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addressed the importance of resilience, discussed different challenges and approaches for building resilience, and outlined steps for implementing resilience efforts in communities and within government. Launching a National Conversation on Disaster Resilience in America is a summary of a one-day event in November 2012 to formally launch a national conversation on resilience. Nationally-recognized experts in disaster resilience met to discuss developing a culture of resilience, implementing resilience, and understanding federal perspectives about resilience. This report includes a broad range of perspectives and experiences derived from many types of hazards and disasters in all parts of the country.

Author : Daniel P. Aldrich
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226012872

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Building Resilience by Daniel P. Aldrich Pdf

"Building Resilience highlights the critical role of social capital in the ability of a community to withstand disaster and rebuild both the infrastructure and the ties that are at the foundation of any community. Aldrich examines the post-disaster responses of four distinct communities - Tokyo following the 1923 earthquake, Kobe after the 1995 earthquake, Tamil Nadu after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and New Orleans post-Katrina - and finds that those with robust social networks were better able to coordinate recovery. In addition to quickly disseminating information and financial and physical assistance, communities with an abundance of social capital were able to minimize the migration of people and valuable resources out of the area.