Can Transfers And Behavior Change Communication Reduce Intimate Partner Violence Four Years Post Program Experimental Evidence From Bangladesh

Author : Shalini Roy,Melissa Hidrobo,John Hoddinott,Bastien Koch,Akhter Ahmed
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 71 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Can Transfers and Behavior Change Communication Reduce Intimate Partner Violence Four Years Post-program? Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh by Shalini Roy,Melissa Hidrobo,John Hoddinott,Bastien Koch,Akhter Ahmed Pdf

Little is known about whether reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV) from cash transfer programs persist over the longer term. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we show that a program providing poor women in rural Bangladesh with cash or food transfers, alongside nutrition behavior change communication (BCC), led to sustained reductions in IPV 4 years after the program ended. Transfers alone showed no sustained impacts on IPV. Evidence suggests cash and BCC led to more sustained impacts on IPV than food and BCC – through persistent increases in women’s bargaining power, men’s costs of perpetrating violence, and poverty-related emotional well-being.

Author : Shalini Roy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 71 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1300782957

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Can Transfers and Behavior Change Communication Reduce Intimate Partner Violence Four Years Post-program? Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh by Shalini Roy Pdf

Little is known about whether reductions in intimate partner violence (IPV) from cash transfer programs persist over the longer term. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we show that a program providing poor women in rural Bangladesh with cash or food transfers, alongside nutrition behavior change communication (BCC), led to sustained reductions in IPV 4 years after the program ended. Transfers alone showed no sustained impacts on IPV. Evidence suggests cash and BCC led to more sustained impacts on IPV than food and BCC - through persistent increases in women's bargaining power, men's costs of perpetrating violence, and poverty-related emotional well-being.

Author : Peterman, Amber Roy, Shalini
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Cash transfers and intimate partner violence: A research view on design and implementation for risk mitigation and prevention by Peterman, Amber Roy, Shalini Pdf

Cash transfers are a widely used form of social protection, providing effective and efficient ways to reduce poverty and support well-being. Evidence suggests that cash transfers can reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) across a wide range of programs and contexts, yet there is little guidance for design or implementation components in cash transfer programs that would maximize these reductions. Based on research into pathways of impact between cash transfers and IPV, this issue brief offers recommendations on cash transfer programming to increase gender-sensitivity and responsiveness to IPV prevention.

Author : Ahmed, Akhter,Hidrobo, Melissa,Hoddinott, John F.,Koch, Bastien,Roy, Shalini,Tauseef, Salauddin
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Social protection and sustainable poverty reduction: Experimental evidence from Bangladesh by Ahmed, Akhter,Hidrobo, Melissa,Hoddinott, John F.,Koch, Bastien,Roy, Shalini,Tauseef, Salauddin Pdf

Social protection programs are primarily focused on influencing household behavior in the short term, increasing consumption to reduce poverty and food insecurity, and promoting investments in human capital. A large body of evidence across numerous settings shows that cash and food transfer programs are highly effective in doing so. However, there is growing interest in understanding the extent to which such programs can help households stay out of poverty in the longer term, specifically after transfers end. We bring new evidence to this question, re-interviewing Bangladeshi households that participated in a well-implemented randomized social protection intervention four years after it ended. We find that combining transfers, either cash or food, with behavior change communication activities sustainably reduced poverty. Cash transfers alone had sustainable effects, but these were context-specific. The beneficial impacts of food transfers did not persist four years after the intervention finished.

Author : Peterman, Amber,Roy, Shalini
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Cash transfers and intimate partner violence (IPV) in low- and middle-income settings: A joint research agenda to inform policy and practice by Peterman, Amber,Roy, Shalini Pdf

Over the last five years, there has been increasing interest from global stakeholders in the relationship between cash transfers and gender-based violence, and in particular, intimate partner violence (IPV). Interest has grown both within the development and humanitarian spaces, although empirical research is mainly concentrated in the former. A mixed-method review paper published in 2018 found that, across 22 quantitative or qualitative studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the majority (73%) showed that cash decreased IPV; however, two studies showed mixed effects, and several others showed heterogenous impacts (Buller et al. 2018). A more recent meta-analysis of 14 experimental and quasiexperimental cash transfer studies found average decreases in physical/sexual IPV (4 percentage points (pp)), emotional IPV (2 pp) and controlling behaviors (4 pp) (Baranov et al. 2021). A feature of this literature is the high representation of evaluations from Latin America, primarily government conditional cash transfer programs. In addition, programming was generally focused on poverty-related objectives, and none of the programming was explicitly designed to affect IPV or violence outcomes more broadly.

Author : Ambler, Kate,Jones, Kelly M.,Recalde, Maria P.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Measurement of intra-household resource control: Exploring the validity of experimental measures by Ambler, Kate,Jones, Kelly M.,Recalde, Maria P. Pdf

We study the validity of experimental methods designed to measure preferences for intra-household resource control among spouses in Ghana and Uganda. We implement two incentivized tasks; (1) a game that measures willingness to pay to control resources, and (2) private and joint dictator games that measure preferences for resource allocation and the extent to which those preferences are reflected in joint decisions. Behavior in the two tasks is correlated, suggesting that they describe similar underlying latent variables. In Uganda the experimental measures are robustly correlated with a range of household survey measures of resource control and women’s empowerment and suggest that simple private dictator games may be as informative as more sophisticated tasks. In Ghana, the experimental measures are not predictive of survey indicators, suggesting that context may be an important element of whether experimental measures are informative.

Author : Heath, Rachel,Hidrobo, Melissa,Roy, Shalini
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Cash transfers, polygamy, and intimate partner violence: Experimental evidence from Mali by Heath, Rachel,Hidrobo, Melissa,Roy, Shalini Pdf

Author : Shalini Roy,Melissa Hidrobo,John Hoddinott,Akhter U. Ahmed
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1162847103

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Transfers, Behavior Change Communication, and Intimate Partner Violence by Shalini Roy,Melissa Hidrobo,John Hoddinott,Akhter U. Ahmed Pdf

Author : Akhter Ahmed,John Hoddinott,Shalini Roy
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Food transfers, cash transfers, behavior change communication and child nutrition: Evidence from Bangladesh by Akhter Ahmed,John Hoddinott,Shalini Roy Pdf

The importance of children’s nutritional status for subsequent human capital formation, the limited evidence of the effectiveness of social protection interventions on child nutrition, and the absence of knowledge on the intra-household impacts of cash and food transfers or how they are shaped by complementary programming motivate this paper. We implemented two, linked randomized control trials in rural Bangladesh, with treatment arms including cash transfers, a food ration, or a mixed food and cash transfer, as well as treatments where cash and nutrition behavior change communication (BCC) or where food and nutrition BCC were provided. Only cash plus nutrition BCC had a significant impact on nutritional status, but its effect on height-forage z scores (HAZ) was large, 0.25SD. We explore the mechanisms underlying this impact. Improved diets – including increased intake of animal source foods – along with reductions in illness in the cash plus BCC treatment arm are consistent with the improvement we observe in children’s HAZ.

Author : Ahmed, Akhter,Hamadani, Jena Derakhshani,Hassan, Md. Zahidul,Hidrobo, Melissa,Hoddinott, John F.,Koch, Bastien,Raghunathan, Kalyani,Roy, Shalini
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Post-program impacts of transfer programs on child development: Experimental evidence from Bangladesh by Ahmed, Akhter,Hamadani, Jena Derakhshani,Hassan, Md. Zahidul,Hidrobo, Melissa,Hoddinott, John F.,Koch, Bastien,Raghunathan, Kalyani,Roy, Shalini Pdf

Evidence shows transfer programs can improve early childhood development (ECD). However, knowledge gaps remain on how short-term impacts on ECD evolve as children grow older, how program design features and context affect child development impacts over time, and through what pathways such impacts occur. We study the Transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI), a 2-year randomized controlled trial in two regions of Bangladesh that provided cash or food transfers, with or without complementary nutrition programming, to mothers of children aged 0-2 years at baseline. Drawing on data collected at 6 months post-program (when children were about 2-4 years old) and at 4 years post-program (when children were about 6-8 years old), we assess post-program impacts of TMRI on children’s home environment and development. We find strong post-program impacts on the home environment from cash transfers in the Northern region, particularly when combined with complementary programming, however limited

Author : Ariel Fiszbein,Norbert R. Schady
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2009-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821373536

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Conditional Cash Transfers by Ariel Fiszbein,Norbert R. Schady Pdf

Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.

Author : Jeni Klugman,Lucia Hanmer,Sarah Twigg,Tazeen Hasan,Jennifer McCleary-Sills,Julieth Santamaria
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464803604

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Voice and Agency by Jeni Klugman,Lucia Hanmer,Sarah Twigg,Tazeen Hasan,Jennifer McCleary-Sills,Julieth Santamaria Pdf

Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels of gender-based violence and discriminatory laws and norms that prevent women from owning property, being educated, and making meaningful decisions about their own lives--such as whether and when to marry or have children. These often violate their most basic rights and are magnified and multiplied by poverty and lack of education. This groundbreaking book distills vast data and hundreds of studies to shed new light on deprivations and constraints facing the voice and agency of women and girls worldwide, and on the associated costs for individuals, families, communities, and global development. The volume presents major new findings about the patterns of constraints and overlapping deprivations and focuses on several areas key to women s empowerment: freedom from violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights, ownership of land and housing, and voice and collective action. It highlights promising reforms and interventions from around the world and lays out an urgent agenda for governments, civil society, development agencies, and other stakeholders, including a call for greater investment in data and knowledge to benchmark progress.

Author : The World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781464812552

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The State of Social Safety Nets 2018 by The World Bank Pdf

The State of Social Safety Nets 2018 Report examines global trends in the social safety net/social assistance coverage, spending, and program performance based on the World Bank Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE) updated database. The report documents the main social safety net programs that exist globally and their use to alleviate poverty and to build shared prosperity. The 2018 report expands on the 2015 edition, both in administrative and household survey data coverage. A distinct mark of this report is that, for the first time, it tells the story of what happens with SSN/SA programs spending and coverage over time, when the data allow us to do so. This 2018 edition also features two special themes †“ Social Assistance and Ageing, focusing on the role of old-age social pensions, and Adaptive Social Protection, focusing on what makes SSN systems/programs adaptive to various shocks.

Author : Mara van den Bold,Agnes R. Quisumbing,Stuart Gillespie
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Women’s Empowerment and Nutrition by Mara van den Bold,Agnes R. Quisumbing,Stuart Gillespie Pdf

Many development programs that aim to alleviate poverty and improve investments in human capital consider women’s empowerment a key pathway by which to achieve impact and often target women as their main beneficiaries. Despite this, women’s empowerment dimensions are often not rigorously measured and are at times merely assumed. This paper starts by reflecting on the concept and measurement of women’s empowerment and then reviews some of the structural interventions that aim to influence underlying gender norms in society and eradicate gender discrimination. It then proceeds to review the evidence of the impact of three types of interventions—cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs—on women’s empowerment, nutrition, or both. Qualitative evidence on conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs generally points to positive impacts on women’s empowerment, although quantitative research findings are more heterogenous. CCT programs produce mixed results on long-term nutritional status, and very limited evidence exists of their impacts on micronutrient status. The little evidence available on unconditional cash transters (UCT) indicates mixed impacts on women’s empowerment and positive impacts on nutrition; however, recent reviews comparing CCT and UCT programs have found little difference in terms of their effects on stunting and they have found that conditionality is less important than other factors, such as access to healthcare and child age and sex. Evidence of cash transfer program impacts depending on the gender of the transfer recipient or on the conditionality is also mixed, although CCTs with non-health conditionalities seem to have negative impacts on nutritional status. The impacts of programs based on the gender of the transfer recipient show mixed results, but almost no experimental evidence exists of testing gender-differentiated impacts of a single program. Agricultural interventions—specifically home gardening and dairy projects—show mixed impacts on women’s empowerment measures such as time, workload, and control over income; but they demonstrate very little impact on nutrition. Implementation modalities are shown to determine differential impacts in terms of empowerment and nutrition outcomes. With regard to the impact of microfinance on women’s empowerment, evidence is also mixed, although more recent reviews do not find any impact on women’s empowerment. The impact of microfinance on nutritional status is mixed, with no evidence of impact on micronutrient status. Across all three types of programs (cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs), very little evidence exists on pathways of impact, and evidence is often biased toward a particular region. The paper ends with a discussion of the findings and remaining evidence gaps and an outline of recommendations for research.

Author : Sarah Bott,Andrew Morrison,Mary Ellsberg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Sexual harassment of women
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Preventing and Responding to Gender-based Violence in Middle and Low-income Countries by Sarah Bott,Andrew Morrison,Mary Ellsberg Pdf

Worldwide, patterns of violence against women differ markedly from violence against men. For example, women are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted or killed by someone they know. The United Nations has defined violence against women as "gender-based" violence, to acknowledge that such violence is rooted in gender inequality and is often tolerated and condoned by laws, institutions, and community norms. Violence against women is not only a profound violation of human rights, but also a costly impediment to a country's national development. While gender-based violence occurs in many forms throughout the life cycle, this review focuses on two of the most common types-physical intimate partner violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Unfortunately, the knowledge base about effective initiatives to prevent and respond to gender-based violence is relatively limited. Few approaches have been rigorously evaluated, even in high-income countries. And such evaluations involve numerous methodological challenges. Nonetheless, the authors review what is known about more and less effective-or at least promising-approaches to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. They present definitions, recent statistics, health consequences, costs, and risk factors of gender-based violence. The authors analyze good practice initiatives in the justice, health, and education sectors, as well as multisectoral approaches. For each of these sectors, they examine initiatives that have addressed laws and policies, institutional reforms, community mobilization, and individual behavior change strategies. Finally, the authors identify priorities for future research and action, including funding research on the health and socioeconomic costs of violence against women, encouraging science-based program evaluations, disseminating evaluation results across countries, promoting investment in effective prevention and treatment initiatives, and encouraging public-private partnerships.