Capital Flows And Foreign Direct Investments In Emerging Markets
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Capital Flows and Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Markets by S. Motamen-Samadian Pdf
This book presents the latest findings on the impact of capital flows and foreign direct investments (FDI) on macroeconomic variables and financial development of emerging markets. Each chapter concentrates on a different region and explores the significance of specific factors that can attract FDI to that region. They highlight the importance of political stability, as well as social and economic freedom in attracting FDIs. The studies also show the extent by which African and Middle Eastern countries have lagged behind other emerging markets and the need for urgent adjustment policies.
Capital Flows and Foreign Direct Investments in Emerging Markets by Sima Motamen-Samadian Pdf
This book is a collection of nine studies on the impact of capital flows and FDIs in emerging economies. The authors examine the extent by which macroeconomic variables and financial development of different countries can be affected by capital flows. The regions under investigation include Asia, Latin America, Eastern and Central Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. The studies show how capital and trade openness can enhance financial development of the countries; how the sensitivity Mexican macroeconomic variables to fluctuations in capital flows have changed under different exchange rate regimes; how political stability can play a role in the bargaining power of post-soviet states with MNEs; how ethnic background plays a role in foreign exchange risk taking of Malaysian managers; the extent by which African and Middle Eastern countries have fallen behind other emerging markets in the level of FDIs they have attracted; and finally how important economic and social freedom is in attracting FDIs.
Revisiting the Determinants of Capital Flows to Emerging Markets--A Survey of the Evolving Literature by Swarnali Ahmed Hannan Pdf
This paper documents the evolution of gross and net capital flows to emerging market economies and surveys the large literature on the potential drivers. While the capital flow landscape has been shaped by the evolution of both global and country-specific factors, the relative importance of these factors has varied over time and differs depending on the type of capital flows. The findings from the survey of the literature thus underscores the importance of policies in both source and recipient countries in shaping capital flows.
Real Effects of Capital Inflows in Emerging Markets by Ms.Deniz O Igan,Ali M. Kutan,Ali Mirzae Pdf
We examine the association between capital inflows and industry growth in a sample of 22 emerging market economies from 1998 to 2010. We expect more external finance dependent industries in countries that host more capital inflows to grow disproportionately faster. This is indeed the case in the pre-crisis period of 1998–2007, and is driven by debt, rather than equity, inflows. We also observe a reduction in output volatility but this association is more pronounced for equity, rather than debt, inflows. These relationships, however, break down during the crisis, hinting at the importance of an undisrupted global financial system for emerging markets to harness the growth benefits of capital inflows. In line with this observation, we also document that the inflows-growth nexus is stronger in countries with well-functioning banks.
Patterns of Capital Flows to Emerging Markets by Mr.Mohsin S. Khan,Zhaohui Chen Pdf
This paper reviews some of the basic patterns of international capital flows to emerging markets in recent years, including the composition of capital flows, intraregional flow patterns, and the geographical distribution of the flows. A theoretical model that sheds new light on these observed patterns is developed. This model focuses on the cost of financing aspect of capital flows, and shows that the patterns of capital flows are influenced by the combined effects of financial market development and growth potential in the recipient countries. The theoretical predictions of the model are shown to be consistent with the stylized facts.
Capital Flows are Fickle by Mr.John C Bluedorn,Rupa Duttagupta,Mr.Jaime Guajardo,Petia Topalova Pdf
Has the unprecedented financial globalization of recent years changed the behavior of capital flows across countries? Using a newly constructed database of gross and net capital flows since 1980 for a sample of nearly 150 countries, this paper finds that private capital flows are typically volatile for all countries, advanced or emerging, across all points in time. This holds true across most types of flows, including bank, portfolio debt, and equity flows. Advanced economies enjoy a greater substitutability between types of inflows, and complementarity between gross inflows and outflows, than do emerging markets, which reduces the volatility of their total net inflows despite higher volatility of the components. Capital flows also exhibit low persistence, across all economies and across most types of flows. Inflows tend to rise temporarily when global financing conditions are relatively easy. These findings suggest that fickle capital flows are an unavoidable fact of life to which policymakers across all countries need to continue to manage and adapt.
New Voices in Investment by Laura Gómez-Mera,Thomas Kenyon,Yotam Margalit,José Guilherme Reis,Gonzalo Varela Pdf
This study analyzes the characteristics, motivations, strategies, and needs of FDI from emerging markets. It draws from a survey of investors and potential investors in Brazil, India, South Korea, and South Africa.
Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America by Werner Baer,William Miles Pdf
Examine the changing nature of foreign investments in Latin America!Generously enhanced with easy-to-understand charts, tables, and graphs, this book covers the ins and outs of foreign direct investment in the established and emerging markets of Latin America. In addition to an overview of direct investment for the entire Latin American region in the 1990s, this valuable book examines specific countries’ experiences with FDI in that decade. These include Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.Spending on environmental projects is on the rise, and Latin American nations are at the forefront of this financial whirlwind in the developing world. Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America: Its Changing Nature at the Turn of the Century examines the difficulties of assessing environmental investments. It analyzes the role of international capital in Latin-American environmental issues and discusses the major players, such as the World Bank, in international capital and the environment.Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America presents case studies that illustrate: the history of FDI in Argentina and the impact of the privatization of state-owned enterprises in 1991-1993 the similarities and differences between 1990s FDI in Mexico and Chile the ways that modern investment in Brazil differs in purpose from investment there in previous economic eras how Peru addressed its balance-of-payments crisis in a time when its domestic financial markets were thin and there existed few sources of financing besides banks how Paraguay’s historical lack of infrastructure has hampered FDI efforts there Ecuador’s financial and balance-of-payments crisis-its currency is in free-fall and its financial institutions are on the brink of collapse . . . and much more!Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America packs all this valuable information into a single user-friendly source. As we move into the new millennium, no student, educator, or investor interested in this quickly evolving, volatile market should be without it!
Author : Martin Feldstein Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 500 pages File Size : 45,7 Mb Release : 2007-12-01 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9780226241807
International Capital Flows by Martin Feldstein Pdf
Recent changes in technology, along with the opening up of many regions previously closed to investment, have led to explosive growth in the international movement of capital. Flows from foreign direct investment and debt and equity financing can bring countries substantial gains by augmenting local savings and by improving technology and incentives. Investing companies acquire market access, lower cost inputs, and opportunities for profitable introductions of production methods in the countries where they invest. But, as was underscored recently by the economic and financial crises in several Asian countries, capital flows can also bring risks. Although there is no simple explanation of the currency crisis in Asia, it is clear that fixed exchange rates and chronic deficits increased the likelihood of a breakdown. Similarly, during the 1970s, the United States and other industrial countries loaned OPEC surpluses to borrowers in Latin America. But when the U.S. Federal Reserve raised interest rates to control soaring inflation, the result was a widespread debt moratorium in Latin America as many countries throughout the region struggled to pay the high interest on their foreign loans. International Capital Flows contains recent work by eminent scholars and practitioners on the experience of capital flows to Latin America, Asia, and eastern Europe. These papers discuss the role of banks, equity markets, and foreign direct investment in international capital flows, and the risks that investors and others face with these transactions. By focusing on capital flows' productivity and determinants, and the policy issues they raise, this collection is a valuable resource for economists, policymakers, and financial market participants.
Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy by Peter Cornelius,Bruce Mitchel Kogut Pdf
With global financial markets having become more integrated, the book pays particular attention to the role of corporate governance in emerging-market economies and international capital flows. Rich in facts and ideas, the book is for anyone interested in financial crises, international risk management and global competitiveness.
Push Factors and Capital Flows to Emerging Markets by Mr.Eugenio Cerutti,Mr.Stijn Claessens,Mr.Damien Puy Pdf
This paper analyzes the behavior of gross capital inflows across 34 emerging markets (EMs). We first confirm that aggregate inflows to EMs co-move considerably. We then report three findings: (i) the aggregate co-movement conceals significant heterogeneity across asset types as only bank-related and portfolio bond and equity inflows do co-move; (ii) while global push factors in advanced economies mostly explain the common dynamics, their relative importance varies by type of flow; and (iii) the sensitivity to common dynamics varies significantly across borrower countries, with market structure characteristics (especially the composition of the foreign investor base and the level of liquidity) rather than borrower country’s institutional fundamentals strongly affecting sensitivities. Countries relying more on international funds and global banks are found to be more sensitive to push factors. Our findings suggest that EMs need to closely monitor their lenders and investors to assess their inflow exposures to global push factors.
Emerging Market Portfolio Flows by Mr.Serkan Arslanalp,Mr.Takahiro Tsuda Pdf
Portfolio flows to emerging markets (EMs) tend to be correlated. A possible explanation is the role global benchmarks play in allocating capital internationally, the so-called “benchmark effect.” This paper finds that benchmark-driven investors indeed play a large role in a key segment of the market—the EM local currency government bond market—, accounting for more than one third of total foreign holdings as of end-2014. We find that the prominence of these investors declined somewhat after the May 2013 taper tantrum, but remain high. This distinction is important in understanding the drivers of EM capital flows and their sensitivity to different types of shocks. In particular, a high share of benchmark-driven investors may result in capital flows that are more sensitive to global shocks and less sensitive to country factors.
The rise of new economic powers in Asia and Latin America has changed the size and the direction of cross-border investment flows. Emerging economies like China, Brazil and India have become major destinations of foreign direct investment within the past decade, and they are also taking on the role of investor themselves. The unprecedented shifts in global investment flows have revived the debate over the effects of foreign investment on growth, employment and income distribution. In this book, leading experts analyse the most important trends, from the increasingly active role emerging economies play as investors in Africa to the rising suspicion in the U.S. and Europe of Chinese takeovers. Global challenges like climate change and the ageing of societies will act as new drivers of foreign investment, reshaping the patterns of globalization once again.
Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Markets by Alexander Lehmann Pdf
Based on U.S. data, the returns on foreign direct investment in emerging markets are shown to be substantially higher than would be suggested by official balance of payments statistics. This paper identifies the determinants of FDI profitability in 43 industrialized and developing countries. After financial leverage and the effect of tax minimizing income transfers are controlled for, host country risk and market openness are found to raise affiliate returns on equity and returns on sales. In the context of a number of financial crises during the 1990s, income repatriations are shown to be pro-cyclical, though the effect of host country recessions is mitigated through continued spending on fixed capital and a re-direction of affiliate sales towards export markets.
