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Carbon Storage in Ontario's Forests, 2000-2100 by Stephen J. Colombo,Jiaxin Chen,Michael Ter-Mikaelian Pdf
"One of the greatest challenges society is facing is rapid climate change resulting from the addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, mostly in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fossil fuels. ... In addition to many other societal benefits, forests store large amounts of carbon (C). As a result, it is important to understand how forest management and natural processes affect forest C storage. Such knowledge can be used to manage forests so that they function as carbon sinks and help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. ... The amounts of C stored in Ontario's forests and wood products, the duration of storage, and the potential for increased storage through silviculture is important to the global C cycle. These can be predicted using computer models that convert information on the state of the forest (its age and species composition) into values of C in all the live and dead organic matter pools in which it occurs. This report uses data about Ontario's forest structure and information from the forest management planning process and past harvests to describe C in forests and wood products today and through to the end of this century."--Document.
Stephen John Colombo,Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Applied Research and Development
Author : Stephen John Colombo,Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Applied Research and Development Publisher : Sault Ste. Marie : Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Applied Research and Development Page : 140 pages File Size : 53,9 Mb Release : 2005 Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) ISBN : MINN:31951D023936647
The Effects of Forest Management on Carbon Storage in Ontario's Forests by Stephen John Colombo,Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Applied Research and Development Pdf
"This report examines how forest management can affect the carbon (C) balance of Ontario's forests. Ten forest management activities organized in four themes were examined: stand establishment (site preparation, planting, and vegetation management), growth enhancement (thinning, fertilization, and genetic improvement), forest protection (from forest fires, and insect and disease infestations), and harvesting (controlling the area occupied by roads, skid trails and landings, and reducing the area disturbed by harvesting)."--Document.
The Effects of Forest Management on Carbon Storage in Ontario's Forests by Stephen John Colombo Pdf
Acknowledgements -- Resume -- 1. Introduction -- Forest Management, Climatic Change, and the Kyoto Protocol -- Ontario's Forest Resources -- Why Practice More Intensive Forest Management? -- Managing the Forest Carbon Cycle to Increase Sequestration -- Ontario's Forest Carbon Budget -- Estimating the Effects of Management on Carbon in Ontario Forests -- 2. Stand Establishment -- Site Preparation -- Planting Versus Natural Regeneration -- Vegetation Management -- 3. Growth-Enhancing Forest Management Practices -- Genetic Improvement -- Stand Density Management -- Fertilization -- 4. Forest Protection -- Forest Fire -- Tree Diseases and Insect Pests -- 5. Harvesting and Related Practices -- Roads, Skid Trails, and Landings -- Forest Disturbance by Harvesting -- 6. The Potential Contributions of Forest Management to Carbon Storage in Ontario's Forests: A Summary -- 7. Conclusions and Future Directions -- Literature Cited.
Value Addition of Horticultural Crops: Recent Trends and Future Directions by Amit Baran Sharangi,Suchand Datta Pdf
This book combines several ideas and philosophies and provides a detailed discussion on the value addition of fruits, vegetables, spices, plantation crops, floricultural crops and in forestry. Separate chapters address the packaging, preservation, drying, dehydration, total quality management and supply chain management of horticultural crops. The book explains value addition as a process of increasing the economic value and consumer appeal of a commodity with special reference to horticultural crops. Each chapter focuses on a specific area, exploring value addition as a production/ marketing strategy driven by customer needs and preferences. But, as such, it is also a more creative field, calling for more imagination than calculated, routine work. Value is added to the particular produce item when the product is still available when the season is out and the demand for the product exceeds the available supply. Value addition is an important factor in the growth and development of the horticultural sector, both in India and around the world. But very little information is available on this particular aspect of horticulture. Albert Einstein famously said, “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.” This message is not only true for those people who want to make more of themselves, but also for those who want their creation or product in any form to excel. And it certainly applies to horticultural crops, which are extremely perishable. It is true that loss reduction is normally less costly than equivalent increases in production. The loss of fresh produce can be minimized by adopting different processing and preservation techniques to convert the fresh vegetables into suitable value-added and diversified products, which will help to reduce the market glut during harvest season. Value-added processed products are products that can be obtained from main products and by-products after some sort of processing and subsequently marketed for an increased profit margin. Generally speaking, value-added products indicate that for the same volume of primary products, a higher price is achieved by means of processing, packing, enhancing the quality or other such methods. The integrated approach from harvesting to the delivery into the hands of the consumer, if handled properly, can add value to fresh produce on the market. But most of the fresh produce has a limited life, although it can be stored at appropriate temperature and relative humidity for the same time. If such produce is processed just after harvesting, it adds value and stabilizes the processed products for a longer time. Preparing processed products will provide more variety to consumers and improve the taste and other sensory properties of food. This will also promote their fortification with nutrients that are lacking in fresh produce. By adopting suitable methods for processing and value addition, the shelf life of fresh produce can be increased manifold, which supports their availability year-round to a wider spectrum of consumers on both the domestic and international market. With increased urbanization, rising middle class purchasing power, changing food habits and a decline in making preserved products in individual homes, there is now a higher demand for industry-made products on the domestic market. In spite of all these aspects, only 1-2.2% of the total produce is processed in developing countries, as compared to 40-83% in developed countries. The horticultural export industry offers an important source of employment for developing countries. For instance, horticulture accounts for 30% of India’s agricultural GDP from 8.5% of cropped area. India is the primary producer of spices, second largest producer of fruits and vegetables and holds a prominent position with regard to most plantation crops in the world. The cultivation of horticultural crops is substantially more labor-intensive than growing cereal crops and offers more post-harvest opportunities for the development of value-added products. This book offers a valuable guide for students of horticulture, as well as a comprehensive resource for educators, scientists, industrial personnel, amateur growers and farmers.
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Large-scale Forest Carbon Project by Joseph Boivin,Ontario Forest Research Institute Pdf
"Forest carbon and how it changes over time provides an indicator of the sustainability of forest management. It is also a sign of sequestration or emission of carbon dioxide between forests and the atmosphere that can affect the mitigation of atmospheric greenhouse gas accumulation and global climate change. To address the need for information on Ontario's forest carbon budget, a large-scale forest carbon modelling project was initiated. The background and objectives of this project are described in this report. Three complementary approaches are being used to estimate large-scale forest carbon storage in Ontario's forests: (1) the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBMCFS), (2) a modified version of FORCARB, which is the model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service to estimate carbon in U.S. forests, and (3) direct estimation of forest biomass carbon using Ontario's growth and yield and forest resources inventory data (CAM, the Carbon Allometry Method)."--Docment.
The Impacts of Climate Change on Ontario's Forests by Stephen J. Colombo,Ontario Forest Research Institute Pdf
Reviews literature concerning the effects of global climate change on forest plants and communities, and provides opinions on the potential impacts that climate change may have on Ontario forests. Sections of the review discuss the following: the climate of Ontario in the 21st century as predicted by climate models; forest hydrology in relation to climate change; insects and climate change; impacts on fungi in the forest ecosystem; impacts on forest fires and their management; plant physiological responses; genetic implications of climate change; forest vegetation dynamics; the use of models in global climate change studies; and forest management responses to climate change.
Ontario Forest Research Institute Publications 2006-2010 by Anonim Pdf
"This bibliography includes a list and descriptions of the content of publications written or co-authored by staff of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources' Ontario Forest Research Institute between 2006 and 2010. During this five-year period, over 150 publications were produced by the institute's 14 research scientists, including a book, 83 journal articles, 31 reports, 10 technical notes, 5 newsletters, and 11 papers/summaries in conference/ workshop proceedings. The overall focus of the publications is forest resource management-related research and practice. Topical areas and scales of investigation are diverse and include natural disturbance regimes and landscape dynamics; carbon budgets and effects of climate change on forests; and silviculture studies on site preparation, tree improvement, vegetation management, growth and yield, disease management, and harvesting in conifer, mixedwood, and hardwood forests. Author and subject indexes are provided."--Document.
Climate Change and Ontario's Provincial Parks by Anonim Pdf
Resume -- Introduction -- Goals and Objectives -- OMNR's Strategic Plan for Responding to Climate Change -- Methods -- Step 1: Literature Review -- Step 2: Historical Climate Analysis and Climate Change Projections for Ontario's Provincial Parks -- Step 3: Terrestrial Vegetation Change Modelling Analysis -- Step 4: Fire Severity Change Modelling Analysis -- Step 5: Implications for Protected Areas Planning, Policy and Management in Ontario -- Results -- Step 1: Literature Review -- Step 2: Historical Climate Analysis and Climate Change Projections for Ontario Provincial Parks -- Step 3: Biome Type Representation Change in Ontario's Provincial Parks -- Step 4: Climate Change and Fire Severity in Ontario's Provincial Parks -- Step 5: Implications for Ontario Parks' Planning, Policy and Management Frameworks -- Implications of Climate Change for Ontario Parks' System Planning, Policy and Management Frameworks -- References -- Appendix 1: Historical Climate Variability and Trends in Ontario Provincial Parks -- Appendix 2: Summary of SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) -- Appendix 3: Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) Global Circulation Model (GCM) Scatterplots for Each Provincial Park Analyzed.
The Carbon Sequestration Potential from Afforestation in Ontario by D. Neil Bird,Eric P. Boysen Pdf
Afforestation involves the establishment of forests on previously non-forested lands. Increased interest in afforestation in recent years follows the inclusion of forest carbon sequestration opportunities in Kyoto Protocol commitments. This note provides an estimate of the carbon sequestration potential from afforestation on private farmlands and non-farmlands in Ontario.--Document.
Ontario's Forests and Forestry in a Changing Climate by Stephen John Colombo Pdf
This report updates a review of literature about the effects of global climate change on forest plants and communities published in 1998. The focus is on changes in Ontario predicted for forest fires, insect outbreaks, disease, forest growth, species composition, harvest rates, wood supply, genetics and regeneration, and carbon-based forest management.--Includes text from document.
Carbon Sequestration in Forests by Ross W. Gorte Pdf
Contents: (1) Background: Congressional Interest in Carbon Sequestration; (2) Carbon Cycling in Forests: The Forest Cycle; Forest Types: Tropical Forests; Temperate Forests; Boreal Forests; (3) Measuring and Altering Forest Carbon Levels: Forest Carbon Accounting; Land Use Changes; Forestry Events and Management Activities: Vegetation and Soil Carbon; Forest Events ¿ Wildfires; Forestry Practices; Wood Energy; Leakage: Land Use Leakage; Product Demand Leakage; Federal Government Programs: Federal Forests; Federal Assistance for State and Private Forestry; Federal Tax Expenditures; Federal Programs Affecting Land Use; Accounting for Forest Carbon Sequestration; (4) Conclusions. Table.
Xiaolu Zhou,Ontario Forest Research Institute,Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Applied Research and Development
Author : Xiaolu Zhou,Ontario Forest Research Institute,Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Applied Research and Development Publisher : Sault Ste. Marie : Ontario Forest Research Institute Page : 32 pages File Size : 51,5 Mb Release : 2004 Category : Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) ISBN : MINN:31951D022608384
Simulating Forest Growth and Carbon Dynamics of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Northeastern Ontario by Xiaolu Zhou,Ontario Forest Research Institute,Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources. Applied Research and Development Pdf
This study assessed the temporal and spatial variability in forest growth & carbon storage to provide a comprehensive estimate of the carbon budget for boreal ecosystems in the Lake Abitibi Model Forest in northern Ontario. In the study, stand-level growth & carbon dynamics were simulated using TRIPLEX1.0, a new process-based forest growth & carbon dynamics model. The model was recently calibrated & tested using field measurements collected in Ontario, and was validated using 49 permanent sample plots in the Model Forest. Simulated carbon storage (net primary productivity, forest biomass, and soil carbon) are compared with field data and results from other studies on Canadian boreal forests. Estimates of carbon based on stand variables & analysis of the net carbon balance suggest whether the Model Forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink. The results provide information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological & carbon-based indicators and to monitor the sustainability of their forest ecosystems.
Climate Change and Nature-based Tourism, Outdoor Recreation, and Forestry in Ontario by Sarah Anne Browne Pdf
Acknowledgements -- Introduction to Climate Change -- Assessing the effects of climate change on nature-based tourism, outdoor recreation, and forestry -- Climate change and social and economic systems -- Response and adaptation -- Social and economic effects of climate change on nature-based tourism and recreation in Ontario -- Social and economic effects on forestry in Ontario -- Discussion and conclusions -- References.
Quantifying Ontario's Forest Carbon Budget by Changhui Peng,Ontario Forest Research Institute Pdf
This report describes the use of a well-established carbon budget model for the Canadian forest sector to investigate the carbon budget of Ontario's forest ecosystems. It first reviews the model and its components, then presents results of model runs using input data mainly based on a 1985 forest biomass inventory database. Model simulations begin in 1989 with simulated initial ecosystem conditions that are the endpoint of a 70-year retrospective model run for the period 1920-1989. Results are discussed with regard to forest age structure, forest carbon distribution & stocks, and ecosystem carbon fluxes. The final section includes discussion of the contribution of Ontario forest ecosystems to Canada's carbon budgets and recommendations for further research.
