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Author : Arisztid G. B. Kovách,P. Sándor,M. Kollai
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9630526913
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0080268218
Author : A. G. B. Kovách,P. Sándor,M. Kollai
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781483155616
Cardiovascular Physiology Neural Control Mechanisms contains the proceedings of the symposia of the 28th International Congress of Physiology held in Budapest between 13 and 19 of July, 1980. Organized into six parts, this book begins with an elucidation of the integrative role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiovascular function. Parts II and III explain neural reflex control of the heart and cerebral blood flow regulation. Nervous control of the microcirculation and control of vascular capacitance in man and animals are then discussed. The last part focuses on the reflex control of the circulation in man.
Author : Maysie Hurnes
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323160506
Neural Control of Circulation presents an in-depth view of specialized areas in the neural regulation of the circulatory system that have been the subject of intensive research, the historical basis and theory from which those investigations evolved, and directions for future studies. Special emphasis is placed on critical evaluation of the experimental data in each field of research. This volume is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a synthesis of a large number of studies undertaken using conscious animals, particularly those that focuses on the behavioral and cerebral control of cardiovascular function. The second chapter explores the role of the brain stem and cerebellum in cardiovascular control. Next, specific research areas concerning bulbospinal control of sympathetic nerve discharge are discussed. This is followed by a chapter devoted to the nucleus tractus solitarii and experimental neurogenic hypertension. A concept in potential hypertensive mechanisms involving long-term transsynaptic regulation of adrenal medullary function is also described, and the neural control of the circulation during hypoxia is considered. Finally, aspects of central nervous system pharmacology and regulation of circulation are examined. This book is designed for individuals who are interested in the cardiovascular system and its function, and should also prove useful to students and researchers in physiology and individuals in other ancillary areas of bioscience.
Author : Oscar Garfein
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 565 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323145961
Current Concepts in Cardiovascular Physiology examines seven different areas related to the field of cardiac physiology. In addition to the biochemistry and receptor pharmacology of the heart, this book explores coronary physiology, cardiovascular function, and neural and reflex control of the circulation. The electrophysiology and biophysics of cardiac excitation are also considered, along with humoral control of the circulation. This monograph consists of seven chapters and opens with an overview of the biochemistry of the heart, with emphasis on cardiac energy metabolism and the ways in which metabolism and the biochemical pathways are controlled. The mechanisms whereby physiological events influence biochemical activities and vice versa are also discussed. The following chapters look at the chemistry and physiology of myocardial receptors; the complex interplay between the nervous and cardiovascular systems; and the chemical and hormonal factors that regulate, modify, and modulate the cardiovascular system. The influence of humoral, neural, intrinsic, vascular, and myocardial factors on coronary blood flow is also examined, along with muscle mechanics; the biochemical basis of contraction; cardiac function; and the factors determining the heart's electrophysiologic behavior. This text is directed primarily at clinical cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, and trainees in their disciplines, as well as internists, medical students, and house officers.
Author : Hemanshu Prabhakar,Indu Kapoor
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811524974
This book discusses the underlying mechanisms connecting the brain and heart. The physiology of the brain is such that it is easily affected by any altered physiology of other systems, which in turn may compromise cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Together, the brain and heart control our body systems, allowing them to function automatically. This interaction between the brain and other systems makes it important for us to understand how any kind of injury to the brain can produce complications in remote organs or systems, such as the heart. The central nervous system is responsible for vegetative function and is central to homeostasis. Further, central nervous system responses are linked to the ongoing function of other organ systems e.g. feeding, thermoregulation, reproduction and muscle activity. It is therefore logical that neural control of the cardiovascular system must also interact with the neural control of other organ systems. This book explains in detail stressed cardiac conditions, discussing the pathophysiology and proposed treatment, and also describing lesser-known crosstalks between the acutely or chronically affected brain and heart.
Author : Roland N. Pittman
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047215
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Author : Alberto Malliani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461543831
This book is an attempt to indicate to researchers and clinicians a simple way to approach the complexity of cardiovascular neural regulation. A conceptual pillar like homeostasis is contrasted with instability and a continuous interaction of opposing mechanisms that have negative and positive feedback characteristics, and is considered to subserve the multitude of patterns pertaining to physiology. However, in pathophysiological conditions the final design is most often replaced by largely purposeless neural mechanisms. The complexity of cardiovascular neural regulation, reflected by the state of sympathovagal balance, is also assessed in the frequency domain. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variability, a sophisticated but simply explained approach, provides an unprecedented tool to evaluate this interaction in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The elementary characteristics of nonlinear dynamics are also outlined. Finally, the need for an ethical structure for science and medicine is analyzed.
Author : Nae J. Dun,Benedito H. Machado,Paul M. Pilowsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-06-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781441990549
Neural Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Regulation responds to current questions about how neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems regulate the cardiovascular system. It includes a series of thoughtful reviews that are intended to provoke and illuminate the reader, with the intention of revealing some of the ideas that current practitioners in the field of cardiovascular research are using to generate their current studies.
Author : Ulla C. Kopp
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781615047765
The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Under normal conditions, the renal mechanosensory nerves activated by stretch of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension.
Author : J R Levick
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483183848
An Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology is designed primarily for students of medicine and physiology. This introductory text is mostly didactic in teaching style and it attempts to show that knowledge of the circulatory system is derived from experimental observations. This book is organized into 15 chapters. The chapters provide a fuller account of microvascular physiology to reflect the explosion of microvascular research and include a discussion of the fundamental function of the cardiovascular system involving the transfer of nutrients from plasma to the tissue. They also cover major advances in cardiovascular physiology including biochemical events underlying Starling's law of the heart, nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission, the discovery of new vasoactive substances produced by endothelium and the novel concepts on the organization of the central nervous control of the circulation. This book is intended to medicine and physiology students.
Author : KUNOS,CIRIELLO
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461598343
With the help of recent technological advances in the study of cen tral nervous system function, important strides have been made in our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of high blood pres sure. The understanding of neural mechanisms involved in the reg ulation of the cardiovascular system is of critical importance to the development of rational approaches to both the treatment and pre vention of this disease. It was in this spirit that a satellite symposium of the 13th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hyper tension was held in June 1990, in Bethesda, Maryland. The chapters, in this first of two volumes on the same general theme, are based on lectures presented at the symposium and it is hoped that these sum maries of recent research findings from prominent laboratories around the world will provide a stimulus for future research. The symposium would not have been possible without generous support from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Merck Frosst Canada, G.D. Searle Co., Squibb Institute of Medical Research, Smith, Kline & Beecham Co., Pfizer Co., E.I. Dupont de Nemours Co., Merck, Sharp & Dohme Co., The UpJohn Co., and Wyeth-Ayerst Co. While this volume was being prepared for publication, one of its contributors, Dr. Michael J. Brody, died suddenly. It is with deep sorrow and sympathy that we mourn the loss of our colleague. Dr.
Author : International Symposium on Neural Control of the Cardiovascular System and Orthostatic Regulation, Basel, 1975
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Cardiovascular system
ISBN : 3805520603
Author : KUNOS,CIRIELLO
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468491845
High blood pressure disease is one of the most prevalent pathological conditions in modem society with potentially serious consequences. During the last two decades major progress has been made in the development of rational approaches to the treatment of high blood pressure. A key factor in this progress has been an increase in our understanding of how the brain controls blood pressure. The chapters in the present book, together with those in a previous volume, provide a broad overview of recent progress in our knowledge of the central neural mechanisms involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. It is our hope that these essays by leading experts in the field will not only provide a useful source of information, but will also stimulate inquiry leading to new discoveries in this critically important field of research. George Kunos John Ciriello vii List of Contributors Jeffrey J. Anderson, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, USA Katsuyuki Ando, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo 112, Japan Jaideep S. Bains, Department of Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 Kathleen H. Berecek, Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA Vernon S. Bishop, Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7756, USA P. A.
Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047239
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.