Care Planning In Mental Health

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Care Planning in Mental Health

Author : Angela Hall,Mike Wren,Stephan Kirby
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118493687

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Care Planning in Mental Health by Angela Hall,Mike Wren,Stephan Kirby Pdf

Care planning and delivery are essential parts of everyday practice for all mental health practitioners. This new edition of Care Planning in Mental Health: Promoting Recovery moves away from a professionally-oriented model of care planning towards the active promotion of the personal narrative as being central to planning effective mental health care. It outlines essential concepts linked to the recovery process which is carried out in partnership with people with mental health problems and those closest to them. New to this edition: A stronger, more explicit focus on recovery A unique interpretation and explication of the recovery process A greater promotion of the centrality of personhood Examples drawing on a range of international perspectives and experiences Enhanced user-friendly pedagogy, including practical case illustrations and first-hand accounts throughout Care Planning in Mental Health: Promoting Recovery is an ideal resource for anyone involved in the field of mental health care. It is also a valuable learning resource for students studying mental health care and the qualified and experienced practitioner wishing to gain a fresh approach to planning recovery-focused care.

Practical Care Planning for Personalised Mental Health Care

Author : Marjorie Lloyd
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-07-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780335246274

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Practical Care Planning for Personalised Mental Health Care by Marjorie Lloyd Pdf

“This book is an excellent resource which brings together the essential elements of contemporary mental health practice, providing students with practical and values-based guidance for a range of clinical specialties. The language used throughout is accessible and practice-focused case studies provide stimulus for critical reflection. The principles of recovery and person-centred communication are threaded throughout and guides to care-planning allow the student to navigate through the complexity of balancing personalised care with legal and policy requirements.” Dr Jeanette Hewitt, Lecturer, Swansea University, UK "This book provides readers with practical examples on how personalised mental healthcare can be achieved in practice. The authors bring to the text their own personal experiences which will benefit learners and enable them to see how theory can be applied in a practical way to resolve complex problems." Michael Nash, Lecturer, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland “This book is a useful tool for anyone studying mental health. It gives information about the governmental policies which have shaped mental health practice. The framework of the care plan process is described and useful case studies and examples of care plans from various mental health areas are given in each chapter … The reflection exercises and activities set by the authors will help students to understand how to apply the theory to practice.” Deborah Wilson, Mental Health Student Nurse, Sheffield Hallam University, UK This accessible book offers those working in mental health settings a practical guide to writing great care plans. With chapters on care planning in primary care, community care and acute care, each chapter highlights the challenges of care planning, the evidence available in each area, the knowledge needed by the practitioner and the skills needed to work with clients. With the necessary evidence, knowledge and skills provided throughout, this book includes: Dedicated chapters on each of the main settings Practical advice, case study examples and tips for students and practitioners Sample care plans for the most common conditions/scenarios Practical Care Planning for Personalised Mental Health Care is essential reading for mental health nurses in initial training, and qualified staff looking for a practical guide to support CPD study or practice development. It will also be valuable for those students doing mental health pathways or placements. Contributors: Alison Owen Traynor, Brynley Williams, Carl Benton, Marie O’Boyle-Duggan, Marie Yuen, Mark Jukes, Matt Phillips, Neil Robdale, Rowenna Spencer and Thomas Currid

All-in-One Care Planning Resource

Author : Pamela L. Swearingen
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 804 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323074209

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All-in-One Care Planning Resource by Pamela L. Swearingen Pdf

The only book featuring nursing care plans for all core clinical areas, Swearingen's All-In-One Nursing Care Planning Resource, 4th Edition provides 100 care plans with the nursing diagnoses and interventions you need to know to care for patients in all settings. It includes care plans for medical-surgical, maternity/OB, pediatrics, and psychiatric-mental health, so you can use just one book throughout your entire nursing curriculum. This edition includes a new care plan addressing normal labor and birth, a new full-color design, new QSEN safety icons, new quick-reference color tabs, and updates reflecting the latest NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems. Edited by nursing expert Pamela L. Swearingen, this book is known for its clear approach, easy-to-use format, and straightforward rationales. NANDA-I nursing diagnoses are incorporated throughout the text to keep you current with NANDA-I terminology and the latest diagnoses. Color-coded sections for medical-surgical, maternity, pediatric, and psychiatric-mental health nursing care plans make it easier to find information quickly. A consistent format for each care plan allows faster lookup of topics, with headings for Overview/Pathophysiology, Health Care Setting, Assessment, Diagnostic Tests, Nursing Diagnoses, Desired Outcomes, Interventions with Rationales, and Patient-Family Teaching and Discharge Planning. Prioritized nursing diagnoses are listed in order of importance and physiologic patient needs. A two-column format for nursing assessments/interventions and rationales makes it easier to scan information. Detailed rationales for each nursing intervention help you to apply concepts to specific patient situations in clinical practice. Outcome criteria with specific timelines help you to set realistic goals for nursing outcomes and provide quality, cost-effective care. NEW! Care plan for normal labor and birth addresses nursing care for the client experiencing normal labor and delivery. UPDATED content is written by practicing clinicians and covers the latest clinical developments, new pharmacologic treatments, patient safety considerations, and evidence-based practice guidelines. NEW full-color design makes the text more user friendly, and includes NEW color-coded tabs and improved cross-referencing and navigation aids for faster lookup of information. NEW! Leaf icon highlights coverage of complementary and alternative therapies including information on over-the-counter herbal and other therapies and how these can interact with conventional medications.

Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning - E-Book

Author : Elizabeth M. Varcarolis
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 771 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781455740185

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Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning - E-Book by Elizabeth M. Varcarolis Pdf

A pocket-sized clinical companion, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning, 5th Edition supplies you with the latest diagnostic information available, including the DSM-5, for accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. It offers quick and easy access to plans of care for a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Expert author Elizabeth Varcarolis, provides a clinically-based focus with the latest guidelines to psychiatric nursing care. Designed to accompany Foundations of Mental Health Nursing, this book is a perfect reference for creating care plans and for clinical use. The latest diagnoses, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information keep you up-to-date with the most current information. Care plans containing nursing diagnosis, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long- and short-term goals, and interventions and rationales offer plans of care for a wide range of psychiatric nursing diagnoses. A focus on clinical information furnishes you with information on providing patient care in a range of settings. Assessment Guides, including tables, charts, and questionnaires facilitate patient diagnosis and care. A chapter on Major Psychotropic Interventions and Patient and Family Teaching, in addition to the content found in each disorder chapter, helps you better understand the uses and workings of the psychotropic agents. Coverage of major disorders exposes you to a wide range of disorders within psychiatric nursing. The latest diagnostic information includes the DSM-5 taxonomy (due to publish May 2013) with diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, to enable accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. Current psychiatric nursing guidelines are based on ANA's 2007 Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Updated 2009-2011 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses assist with accurate diagnoses by including the latest nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric nursing. Updated drug information includes the latest on medications used with psychiatric patients, for optimal drug therapy.

EBOOK: Introduction To Mental Health Nursing

Author : Nick Wrycraft
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780335240807

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EBOOK: Introduction To Mental Health Nursing by Nick Wrycraft Pdf

"This is a comprehensive and reader friendly text that offers students a great introduction and insight into the modern world of mental health nursing. The quotes from students and practical activities engage the reader and enhance application of theory to clinical practice and educational development. Students will benefit from the guidance and support this book offers to complement their nurse education." Lisa King, Senior Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing, The University of Chester, UK Full of insights into what it's like to be a mental health nursing student, including direct quotes from current students! This engaging new textbook provides a student focused introduction to the main issues and themes in mental health nursing. The book requires no previous knowledge and the content has been carefully chosen to reflect the most significant aspects of this important and rewarding area of nursing. The book includes specific chapters on: Social inclusion and the Ten Essential Shared Capabilities. Mental health promotion Mental health at different stages of the life course Physical health issues in mental health settings Mental health law Therapeutic interventions, specifically Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approaches The concept of recovery Scenarios and exercises are used to demonstrate integration of theory and practice. These can be easily linked to your placement experience and overall learning and development. Readers are encouraged to develop an analytical and investigative approach to their studies. Other important areas covered in the book include the National Service Framework (NSF) for Mental Health, the Care Programme Approach (CPA) and the Tidal Model of mental health nursing. Introduction to Mental Health Nursing is the perfect introduction for all nursing students with an interest in a career in mental health nursing. Contributors: Geoffrey Amoateng, Amanda Blackhall, Alyson Buck, David A. Hingley, Richard Khoo, Mark McGrath, Mary Northrop, Tim Schafer, Allen Senivassen, Julie Teatheredge, James Trueman, Henck Van- Bilsen, Steven Walker, Steve Wood.

Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning

Author : Elizabeth M. Varcarolis
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 769 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781437717822

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Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning by Elizabeth M. Varcarolis Pdf

A pocket-sized clinical companion, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning, 4th Edition helps you assess psychiatric nursing clients, formulate nursing diagnoses, and design psychiatric nursing care plans. It offers quick and easy access to information on care in a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Expert author Elizabeth M. Varcarolis, RN, MA, provides a clinically based focus with the latest guidelines to psychiatric nursing care. Designed to accompany Foundations of Mental Health Nursing, this book is a perfect reference for creating care plans and for clinical use. Current coverage includes the latest diagnoses, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information relevant to nursing care of patients with psychiatric disorders. Clinically based information helps you provide patient care in a range of environments including the inpatient unit, community mental health setting, or home care setting. Coverage of all major disorders includes those commonly encountered in a clinical setting. A consistent format for each care plan includes a nursing diagnosis, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long-term goals, short-term goals, and interventions and rationales. Assessment tools such as tables, charts, and questionnaires are provided in an appendix for quick reference. A Major Psychotropic Interventions and Client and Family Teaching chapter describes the uses and workings of psychotropic agents. The latest diagnostic information includes the DSM-IV-TR taxonomy with diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, to enable accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. Current psychiatric nursing guidelines are based on ANA's 2007 Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Updated 2009-2011 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses assist with accurate diagnoses by including the latest nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric nursing. Updated drug information includes the latest on medications used with psychiatric patients, for optimal drug therapy.

Mental Health & Mental Illness

Author : Patricia D. Barry
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0781731380

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Mental Health & Mental Illness by Patricia D. Barry Pdf

Now in its Seventh Edition, this psychiatric and mental health nursing text covers both care of patients with psychiatric disorders and the psychosocial aspects of physiological disorders. Geared toward LPN/LVN students, the book's format reflects the nursing model and the shift of psychiatric nursing care from hospitals to community-based settings . New content includes care planning and psychotropic drug monitoring and the DSM-IV-TR. Other features include an increased emphasis on com munication, and a family and resource support list that includes selec ted Web resources. End-of-chapter review questions allow the reader to balance knowledge-based, analysis and application questions. The Anci llary package consists of a printed Instructor's Manual and Test Bank on disk.

Lippincott's Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans

Author : Judith M. Schultz,Sheila L. Videbeck
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0781768683

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Lippincott's Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans by Judith M. Schultz,Sheila L. Videbeck Pdf

Accompanying CD-ROM has nursing care plans, a customizable psychosocial assessment tool, and monographs about psychotropic drugs.

All-in-One Nursing Care Planning Resource

Author : Pamela L. Swearingen
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 819 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323262866

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All-in-One Nursing Care Planning Resource by Pamela L. Swearingen Pdf

The only book featuring nursing care plans for all core clinical areas, Swearingen's All-In-One Nursing Care Planning Resource, 4th Edition provides 100 care plans with the nursing diagnoses and interventions you need to know to care for patients in all settings. It includes care plans for medical-surgical, maternity/OB, pediatrics, and psychiatric-mental health, so you can use just one book throughout your entire nursing curriculum. This edition includes a new care plan addressing normal labor and birth, a new full-color design, new QSEN safety icons, new quick-reference color tabs, and updates reflecting the latest NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems. Edited by nursing expert Pamela L. Swearingen, this book is known for its clear approach, easy-to-use format, and straightforward rationales. NANDA-I nursing diagnoses are incorporated throughout the text to keep you current with NANDA-I terminology and the latest diagnoses. Color-coded sections for medical-surgical, maternity, pediatric, and psychiatric-mental health nursing care plans make it easier to find information quickly. A consistent format for each care plan allows faster lookup of topics, with headings for Overview/Pathophysiology, Health Care Setting, Assessment, Diagnostic Tests, Nursing Diagnoses, Desired Outcomes, Interventions with Rationales, and Patient-Family Teaching and Discharge Planning. Prioritized nursing diagnoses are listed in order of importance and physiologic patient needs. A two-column format for nursing assessments/interventions and rationales makes it easier to scan information. Detailed rationales for each nursing intervention help you to apply concepts to specific patient situations in clinical practice. Outcome criteria with specific timelines help you to set realistic goals for nursing outcomes and provide quality, cost-effective care. NEW! Care plan for normal labor and birth addresses nursing care for the client experiencing normal labor and delivery. UPDATED content is written by practicing clinicians and covers the latest clinical developments, new pharmacologic treatments, patient safety considerations, and evidence-based practice guidelines. NEW full-color design makes the text more user friendly, and includes NEW color-coded tabs and improved cross-referencing and navigation aids for faster lookup of information. NEW! Leaf icon highlights coverage of complementary and alternative therapies including information on over-the-counter herbal and other therapies and how these can interact with conventional medications.

Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans - E-Book

Author : Katherine M. Fortinash,Patricia A. Holoday Worret
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2006-05-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323059770

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Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans - E-Book by Katherine M. Fortinash,Patricia A. Holoday Worret Pdf

The most comprehensive psychiatric nursing care planning text available assists students and practitioners in providing effective care in a variety of settings. Clear presentation of information, consistent use of the nursing process, correlation of nursing and medical diagnoses, and prioritization of interventions make this text an invaluable resource. Grounded in the latest classification of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and the most current list of NANDA-approved nursing diagnoses, this text covers a wide range of disorders, their psychopathology, and appropriate nursing interventions with rationales. Care plans use real clinical situations and include therapeutic and nontherapeutic dialogue examples to familiarize nurses with likely scenarios and equip them with the tools they need to feel confident in any clinical setting. The first chapter, The Nursing Process, effectively describes the central principles of psychiatric nursing practice in detailing the ANA's six-step nursing process along with additional information on therapeutic nurse-client communication skills, client history and assessment tools, NIC and NOC, and more. The six-step nursing process format is maintained throughout to emphasize a practice-oriented, problem-solving approach to psychiatric care. Major psychiatric disorders are reviewed consistently and completely with sections including Etiology, Epidemiology, Assessment and Diagnostic Criteria, Interventions, and Prognosis and Discharge Criteria. With this basis of knowledge, relevant care plans are offered in the second section of each chapter. Care plans based on DSM-IV-TR medical and NANDA nursing diagnoses are logically and consistently organized with Assessment Data, Outcome Criteria, Planning and Implementation, and Evaluation sections. Assessment Data sections include detailed related factors (etiology) and defining characteristics or risk factors as appropriate for the specific diagnosis. Outcome Criteria sections give the reader clear indications of the desired end state. Planning and Implementation sections list specific, relevant, and practical nursing interventions with rationales in a clear, comprehensible two-column format. UNIQUE! Therapeutic and non-therapeutic dialogue examples are presented throughout to promote more effective client communication. Evaluation sections state the role of outcome evaluation as a critical and ongoing step in the nursing process. Client and Family Teaching boxes include Nurse Needs to Know and Teach Client and Family sections covering all aspects of post-treatment instructions for clients and caregivers. DSM-IV-TR boxes list all related DSM-IV-TR diagnoses for quick reference. Helpful appendices contain information and strategies that are timely and useful in the care of clients with mental and emotional disorders including such topics as psychiatric and psychosocial therapies, grief and loss, spirituality, and many more.

Varcarolis' Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning

Author : Margaret Jordan Halter
Publisher : Saunders
Page : 768 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-04-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0323479499

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Varcarolis' Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning by Margaret Jordan Halter Pdf

A thoughtful, portable clinical companion, Varcarolis' Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning: An Interprofessional Approach, 6th Edition, provides you with the latest diagnostic information available, including the DSM-5 and patient problems, for accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. This clinically-based guide offers quick and easy access to the latest psychiatric nursing care planning guidelines for a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Designed to accompany Foundations of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, the refreshed and updated edition is a perfect reference for learning to create psychiatric nursing care plans. A thoroughly revised patient centered assessment, including the DSM-5, supplies you with the latest diagnostic information available for accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. The latest patient problems, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information keep you up-to-date with the most current information. Care plans containing patient problems, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long- and short-term goals, and interventions and rationales offer plans of care for a wide range of psychiatric nursing diagnoses. Talk-based therapies covered and referred to in a dedicated chapter on psychotherapeutic models. Promising brain stimulation therapies are addressed in a separate chapter NEW! A separate sleep disorder chapter addresses alterations present in all psychiatric disorders. NEW! Updated medications equip you with the latest information on medications used with psychiatric patients. NEW! Updated, refreshed, and refined Manual improves overall design and reduces extraneous content to focus on essential clinical information.

All-in-One Nursing Care Planning Resource - E-Book

Author : Pamela L. Swearingen,Jacqueline Wright
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323532679

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All-in-One Nursing Care Planning Resource - E-Book by Pamela L. Swearingen,Jacqueline Wright Pdf

Introducing a plan for success with the only nursing care planning reference book for all core clinical areas! Swearingen's All-In-One Nursing Care Planning Resource, 5th Edition, features over 100 care plans including medical-surgical, maternity/OB, pediatrics, and psychiatric‒mental health to help you care for patients in any setting. This new edition is the first in the market to include a unique, interprofessional, "patient problem" focus that teaches students how to speak to patients in conversational terms rather than in nursing-specific language. New non–medical-surgical care plans and updated content throughout reflect the latest evidence-based treatment guidelines for national and international clinical practice. Plus, with its clear approach, easy-to-use format, and straightforward rationales, you can use this one book throughout their entire nursing curriculum! Bolded and highlighted Safety Icons corresponds to the safety competency of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative for easier recognition. Care plans for all four major clinical areas include medical-surgical, OB/maternity, pediatric, and psychiatric-mental health nursing care plans. A consistent format for each care plan enables you to perform faster searches, with headings for Overview/Pathophysiology, Health Care Setting, Assessment, Diagnostic Tests, Patient Problems, Desired Outcomes, Interventions with Rationales, and Patient-Family Teaching and Discharge Planning. Prioritized patient problems are listed in order of importance and physiologic patient needs. Detailed rationales for each nursing intervention help you apply concepts to specific patient situations in clinical practice. Full-color design makes the book more user friendly and includes color-coded tabs and improved cross-referencing and navigation aids for faster information retrieval. NEW! UNIQUE! Interprofessional "patient problems" focus familiarizes you with how to speak to patients and other medical colleagues in the consistent interprofessional language of "patient problems," rather than the nursing-specific language of nursing diagnosis. NEW! Care plans helps you to support the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, or intersex patient. NEW! Updated content throughout reflects the latest evidence-based treatment guidelines and national and international clinical practice guidelines.

Treatment Planning for Person-Centered Care

Author : Neal Adams,Diane M. Grieder
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2004-12-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080521576

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Treatment Planning for Person-Centered Care by Neal Adams,Diane M. Grieder Pdf

Requirements for treatment planning in the mental health and addictions fields are long standing and embedded in the treatment system. However, most clinicians find it a challenge to develop an effective, person-centered treatment plan. Such a plan is required for reimbursement, regulatory, accreditation and managed care purposes. Without a thoughtful assessment and well-written plan, programs and private clinicians are subject to financial penalties, poor licensing/accreditation reviews, less than stellar audits, etc. In addition, research is beginning to demonstrate that a well-developed person-centered care plan can lead to better outcomes for persons served. * Enhance the reader's understanding of the value and role of treatment planning in responding to the needs of adults, children and families with mental health and substance abuse treatment needs * Build the skills necessary to provide quality, person-centered, culturally competent and recovery / resiliency-orientated care in a changing service delivery system * Provide readers with sample documents, examples of how to write a plan, etc. * Provide a text and educational tool for course work and training as well as a reference for established practioners * Assist mental health and addictive disorders providers / programs in meeting external requirements, improve the quality of services and outcomes, and maintain optimum reimbursement

Lippincott's Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans

Author : Judith M. Schultz,Sheila L. Videbeck
Publisher : LWW
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Mental illness
ISBN : 1609136942

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Lippincott's Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans by Judith M. Schultz,Sheila L. Videbeck Pdf

An outstanding resource for students and practicing nurses, the Ninth Edition of Lippincott's Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans contains 52 nursing care plans that address the most commonly encountered behaviors in psychiatric-mental health nursing. An excellent tool to introduce students to clinical psychiatric experience, the Manual demonstrates use of the nursing process in psychiatric nursing and gives suggestions for specific interventions--with rationale--to address particular behaviors, giving the student a sound basis on which to build clinical skills. Covering a range of problems and a variety of approaches, the care plans are meant to be adapted and individualized in planning nursing care for each client. The Ninth Edition has been thoroughly updated and includes new information on complementary and alternative medicine and using the internet; as well as new or expanded appendices on psychopharmacology; side effects of medications and related nursing interventions; and schizoid, histrionic, narcissistic, and avoidant personality disorders.