Catalogue Of British Hymenoptera Part 1 Apidae Bees
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Catalogue of British Hymenoptera, Part 1, Apidae-Bees by Frederick Smith Pdf
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Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum by British Museum (Natural History). Department of Zoology,Frederick Smith Pdf
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum, Vol. 1 by Frederick Smith Pdf
Excerpt from Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum, Vol. 1: Apidae Bees Consisting of two sexes in all the solitary species, males and females, to which another is added in the social ones, usually called a neuter, abortive female, or worker; the females and workers, excepting in the case of the hive and parasitic bees, furnished with apparatus for conveying pollen, and armed with a sting; possessing antennae, twelve-articulate in the females and workers, and thirteen-articulate in the males'; the abdomen of the females having six segments or rings, that of the males con sisting of seven all possessing four variously veined wings; two compound eyes placed laterally on the head, and three simple eyes (stemmata) on the vertex; the tongue obtuse, lanceolate, or filiform; all in their larva state feeding on pollen or honey, stored up by the parent. Some parasitical, consuming the food stored up for the legitimate inhabitant of the nest. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
British Bees (Illustrations) by William Edward Shuckard Pdf
GENERAL HISTORY OF BEES. The bees constitute a family of the order Hymenoptera, viz. insects ordinarily, but in the case of bees always, with four transparent wings, which are variously but partially traversed longitudinally and transversely with threads, called nervures, supposed to be tubular, the relative position of which, together with the areas they enclose, called cells, help to give characters to the genera. Most of the Hymenoptera further possess some kind of an ovipositor,—of course restricted to the females,—varying considerably in the different families. This is sometimes external, but is often seated within the apex of the abdomen, whence it can be protruded for the purpose of depositing the egg in its right nidus. In our insect this organ is converted into a weapon of defence 18and offence, and forms a sting, supplied by glands with a very virulent poison, which the bee can inject into the wound it inflicts. It is not certain that this organ is used by the bee as an ovipositor, although it is evident it is its analogue. This brief description of the essential peculiarities of the family will, for the present, suffice. In the notice of the imago, I shall enlarge upon the general structure, and then particularize those portions of it which may facilitate further progress. The Egg.—Although the egg of the parent is the source of the origin of the bee, we cannot abruptly commence from this point, for the preliminary labours of the mother are indispensable to the evolution of its offspring. This egg has to be placed in a suitable depository, together with the requisite food for the sustenance of the vermicule that will be disclosed from it. Instinct instructs the parent where and how to form the nidus for its egg. These depositories differ considerably in the several genera, but, as a general rule, they are tubes burrowed by the mother either in earth, sand, decaying or soft wood, branches of plants having a pith, the halm of grain, cavities already existing in many substances, and even within the shells of dead snails. These perforations are sometimes simple, and sometimes they have divergent and ramifying channels. Sometimes they are carefully lined with a silky membrane secreted by the insect, and sometimes they are hung with a tapestry of pieces of leaves, cut methodically from plants, but some leave their walls entirely bare. All these particulars I shall have ample opportunity to note in the special descriptions of the genera. I merely indicate them to show how various are the receptacles for the offspring of our bees. Before the egg is placed within its nidus, this is supplied with the requisite quantity of food needful for the support of the young to the full period of its maturity. The receptacle is then closed, and the same process is repeated again and again until the parent has laid her whole store of eggs. In other cases one tube, or its ramification, contains but one egg. These eggs are usually oblong, slightly curved, and tapering at one extremity; they vary in size according to the species, but are never, however, above a line in length, and sometimes they are very minute. When the stock of the mother bee is exhausted she leaves them to the careful nursing of nature, and the young is speedily evolved. She then wanders forth; time has brought senility; her occupation has gone; and she passes away; but her progeny survive to perpetuate the continual chain of existence. To be continue in this ebook...
