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Cellular Aspects of Smooth Muscle Function by C. Y. Kao,Mary E. Carsten Pdf
Smooth muscles line many internal organs and, in general, are involved in moving fluids and slurry around the body. They are controlled by the action of hormones, by nervous stimulation, and can be influenced by drugs. This 1997 book provides a review of our understanding of smooth muscle and integrates molecular, cellular and physiological information with tissue and anatomical studies. Well-known researchers have written chapters giving detailed reviews of our current knowledge of the biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology and anatomy of smooth muscle. In particular, they cover the seven most important areas of smooth muscle function including morphology, electrophysiology, mechanisms of electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling, calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, mechanics of contraction, and the contractile proteins. All those interested in muscular contraction will find this book worthwhile, whether they are biochemists, physiologists, or cell biologists.
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Function by E. Varga,A. Kövér,T. Kovács Pdf
Advances in Physiological Sciences, Volume 5: Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Function covers the proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, held in Budapest in 1980 (including the proceedings of the satellite symposium on Membrane Control of Skeletal Muscle Function). The book focuses on the molecular and cellular facets of skeletal muscle function. The selection first offers information on the mechanical properties of cross-bridges and their relation to muscle contraction; molecular basis of functional specialization in muscle as induced by innervation; and electrical properties of crustacean muscle membranes. The text then ponders on contractile protein isoforms in developing muscle; effect of age and exercise on minced gastrocnemius muscle regeneration; and contractile proteins of rat gastrocnemius during its regeneration after mincing. The publication examines the behavior of myosin projections in frog striated muscle during isometric contraction; energetics of contracting muscle and its relation to crossbridge mechanisms; and time course of chemical change and energy production during contraction of frog skeletal muscle. The physiological analysis of human myopathy and adaptation in normal and diseased muscle are also discussed. The selection is a vital source of data for readers interested in the cellular and molecular aspects of muscle function.
Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility by H. Sugi Pdf
This volume intends to provide a comprehensive overview on the mecha nisms of muscle contraction and non-muscle cell motility at the molecu lar and cellular level, not only for investigators in these fields but also for general readers interested in these topics. A most attractive feature of various living organisms in the animal and plant kingdoms is their ability to move. In spite of a great diversity in the structure and function of various motile systems, it has frequently been assumed since the nineteenth century that all kinds of "motility" are essentially the same. Based on this assumption, some investigators in the nineteenth century thought that the mechanisms of motility could better be studied on primitive non-muscle motile systems such as amoeboid movement, rath er than on highly specialized muscle cells. Contrary to their expectation, however, the basic mechanisms of motility have been revealed solely by investigations on vertebrate skeletal muscles, since a monumental discovery of Szent-Gyorgyi and his coworkers in the early 1940s that muscle contraction results from the interaction between two different contractile proteins, actin and myosin, coupled with ATP hydrolysis.
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Contraction by Haruo Sugi Pdf
This volume presents the proceedings of a muscle symposium, which was supported by the grant from the Fujihara Foundation of Science to be held as the Fourth Fujihara Seminar on October 28 -November 1, 2002, at Hakone, Japan. The Fujihara Seminar covers all fields of natural science, while only one proposal is granted every year. It is therefore a great honor for me to be able to organize this meeting. Before this symposium, I have organized muscle symposia five times, and published the proceedings: " Cross-bridge Mechanism in Muscle Contraction (University of Tokyo Press, 1978), "Contractile Mechanisms in Muscle" (plenum, 1984); "Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction" (plenum, 1988); "Mechanism of MyofIlament Sliding in Muscle contraction" (plenum, 1993); "Mechanisms of Work Production and Work Absorption in Muscle" (plenum, 1998). As with these proceedings, this volume contains records of discussions made not only after each presentation but also during the periods of General Discussion, in order that general readers may properly evaluate each presentation and the up-to-date situation of this research field. It was my great pleasure to have Dr. Hugh Huxley, a principal discoverer of the sliding fIlament mechanism in muscle contraction, in this meeting. On my request, Dr. Huxley kindly gave a special lecture on his monumental discovery of myofIlament-lattice structure by X-ray diffraction of living skeletal muscle. I hope general readers to learn how a breakthrough in a specific research field can be achieved.
J. Gordon Betts,Peter DeSaix,Jody E. Johnson,Oksana Korol,Dean H. Kruse,Brandon Poe,James A. Wise,Mark Womble,Kelly A. Young
Author : J. Gordon Betts,Peter DeSaix,Jody E. Johnson,Oksana Korol,Dean H. Kruse,Brandon Poe,James A. Wise,Mark Womble,Kelly A. Young Publisher : Unknown Page : 0 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 2013-04-25 Category : Electronic ISBN : 1947172808
Anatomy and Physiology by J. Gordon Betts,Peter DeSaix,Jody E. Johnson,Oksana Korol,Dean H. Kruse,Brandon Poe,James A. Wise,Mark Womble,Kelly A. Young Pdf
Author : Robert Fitridge,M. M. Thompson Publisher : University of Adelaide Press Page : 589 pages File Size : 55,7 Mb Release : 2011 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781922064004
Mechanisms of Vascular Disease by Robert Fitridge,M. M. Thompson Pdf
New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
An Introduction to Smooth Muscle Mechanics (2nd Edition) by Chun Y. Seow Pdf
This second edition is an updated version of an introductory level textbook intended for students who are interested in understanding the mechanical properties of smooth muscle. Compared with skeletal and cardiac muscles, smooth muscle is the least understood in terms of its contraction mechanism and the structure of its contractile apparatus. Nevertheless, it is an important tissue that is vital in many organ functions, such as blood pressure control, intestinal peristalsis, and the emptying of the bladder. Dysfunction of the muscle has been implicated in many diseases such as high blood pressure, asthma, and overactive bladders. This is the only book-length treatment of functional models of a variety of smooth muscle behaviors with their corresponding mathematical descriptions, and offers an easy-to-follow, step-by-step mathematical derivation that will help students to appreciate the muscle cell as a fine-tuned aggregate of mechanisms governed by the fundamental laws of physics. In addition to providing a detailed description of the known subcellular structure and mechanical function of the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle, it also covers experimentation techniques, instrumentation, and data analysis. The book is a must-have information source for anyone interested in smooth muscle cell ultrastructure, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology.
National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Technological Options to Improve the Nutritional Attributes of Animal Products
Author : National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Technological Options to Improve the Nutritional Attributes of Animal Products Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 384 pages File Size : 47,7 Mb Release : 1988-02-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309037983
Designing Foods by National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Technological Options to Improve the Nutritional Attributes of Animal Products Pdf
This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Current Basic and Pathological Approaches to the Function of Muscle Cells and Tissues by Haruo Sugi Pdf
This volume contains 17 short review articles classified into 3 parts. Part I consists of 7 articles dealing with basic aspects of contractile mechanism in skeletal and smooth muscle cells and also function of melanocytes having many properties common to those of smooth muscles. Part II and Part III contain articles dealing with pathological aspects of cardiac and smooth muscle cell functions, and dealing with factors influencing structure and function of cardiac and smooth muscle cells and tissues. The Editor believes that these articles are stimulating and informative for readers interested in basic, pathological and clinical aspects of muscle cells and tissues.
Botulinum Neurotoxins by Andreas Rummel,Thomas Binz Pdf
The extremely potent substance botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has attracted much interest in diverse fields. Originally identified as cause for the rare but deadly disease botulism, military and terrorist intended to misuse this sophisticated molecule as biological weapon. This caused its classification as select agent category A by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and the listing in the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. Later, the civilian use of BoNT as long acting peripheral muscle relaxant has turned this molecule into an indispensable pharmaceutical world wide with annual revenues >$1.5 billion. Also basic scientists value the botulinum neurotoxin as molecular tool for dissecting mechanisms of exocytosis. This book will cover the most recent molecular details of botulinum neurotoxin, its mechanism of action as well as its detection and application.
New Frontiers in Smooth Muscle Biology and Physiology 2007 by Jean-Pierre Savineau Pdf
Smooth muscles are widely distributed in the mammalian body through various systems such as circulatory, respiratory, gastro-intestinal and urogenital system where, due to their contractile properties they are responsible for alterations in the volume and diameter of hollow organs, enabling them to generate pressures and move contents. Thus, smooth muscles are responsible for: i) maintaining blood pressure; ii) controlling the passage of air in airways and food through the gut and excreting waste products, and iii) determining the movement of sperm and eggs and the delivery of foetus. Moreover, the dysfunction of smooth muscles is implicated in various pathologies such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, asthma, motility disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract, premature labour and male erectile dysfunction. In most cases, smooth muscles only constitute a part of the organ, generally the wall of hollow organs. They are made by cells of the small size, which are long, tapering non-striated mononucleate cells, typically 5μm in diameter at the widest point and between 100-300 μM in length and separated by large extracellular spaces (30 to 60 % of the total volume). These anatomical and histological characteristics initially made smooth muscles more difficult to study than the larger specialized striated muscles. However, during the last 15 years generalization of the techniques for cellular and molecular biology (cell culture, cell lines, confocal microscopy, RT-PCR, western blot) and for cellular physiology (electrophysiology on single cell (patch-clamp) dynamic calcium imaging) allowed an important progress in this field. Moreover, during the same period, it became obvious that that smooth muscle cell is not only a contractile cell but is able to perform other important functions such as migration, proliferation, production of cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, cell surface adhesion molecules and even antigen presentation. Thus, the smooth muscle cell appears today as a fascinating cell with remarkable plasticity that contributes to its roles in physiology and disease. An exciting period of recent research on smooth muscles either in normal and pathological situations has provided insight into the processes underlying smooth muscle diseases and has characterized molecular targets for new therapeutic ways applicable to these pathologies. The major objective of this book is, thus, to present a survey of recent advances in smooth muscle research and to provide a timely and long lasting guide for investigators in the fields of physiology and medicine. It is a composite work consisting of twenty six contributions by different authors. The chapters are complementary to one other and contain a large part of our present knowledge about smooth muscle. The book is divided into two main sections. Chapters in each section address critical aspects related to biology, physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiology of vascular and visceral smooth muscles. Section I reviews the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the differentiation, proliferation, contraction of smooth muscle cells and for organ culture (chapters1-3). A special attention was paid to the mechanisms responsible for the excitation-contraction coupling (chapter 4) and to the recent advances performed in the field of membrane ions channels (chapters 5-11) and intracellular signalling pathways (chapters 12-14). The specific myogenic tone of resistances arteries is also documented (chapter 15). Section II is devoted to pharmacological and pathophysiological aspects. A large variety of receptors is expressed at the plasma membrane of the smooth muscle cell where several mediators (hormones, neurotransmitters and autacoids) act to induced smooth muscle cell responses. Some of these receptors and its associated responses are illustrated in Chapters 16, 19, 20. The book processes to an attempt to begin looking at the pathology of smooth muscle cell. It was somewhat difficult to decide how assemble a set of chapters dealing with smooth muscle pathology. Chapters are grouped according to specific organ pathology such as hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (chapters 17-18), airway hyperresponsiveness including asthma (chapter 21-23), gastrointestinal disorders (chapter 24), uterine dysfunction during gestation (chapter 25-26). However, since alterations in fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying smooth muscle functions are the basis of pathology, some aspects of this latter are also treated at the end of some chapters in the section I. In addition, other cell types (endothelial, epithelial, mast cell) are co-localized with the smooth muscle cell in the wall of hollow organs. These cells release various autacoids which subsequently regulate smooth muscle function. The influence of endothelium on vascular contractility and that of mast cells in airways are thus illustrated in chapters 10-11 (section I) and chapter 22 (section II), respectively. In summary, this book not only covers the current state-of-the-art findings relevant to cellular and molecular processes of smooth muscle biology and physiology but also provides the underlying conceptual basis and knowledge regarding etiological mechanisms and experimental therapeutics for diseases due to smooth muscle defect.
