Cellular Senescence In Health Disease And Aging Blessing Or Curse

Author : Markus Riessland
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3036521763

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Cellular Senescence in Health, Disease and Aging: Blessing Or Curse? by Markus Riessland Pdf

Dear Colleagues, When Hayflick and Moorhead coined the term “cellular senescence” (CS) almost 60 years ago, this phenomenon was understood as a mechanism, usually induced by activation of the DNA-repair machinery, to prevent uncontrolled proliferation. Meanwhile, additional beneficial roles for CS have been identified, such as embryonic development and wound healing. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) activated in most senescent cells (SC) signals to the immune system “come here and remove me”. In organisms with young and functional immune systems, occurring SC are usually detected and removed. If SC remain in the tissue expressing the SASP, this will cause not just a damaging local inflammation but can also induce remodeling and regeneration of the surrounding tissue as well as spreading of senescence. Old organisms show reduced regenerative potential and immune function which leads to accumulation of SC. Accordingly, accumulation of SC was observed in tissues of aged individuals, but importantly also in the context of age-related disorders, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular diseases and others. Because of its detrimental effect of the surrounding tissue, accumulation of SC is not just a consequence, but can rather been understood as a major driver of aging. In line with this, recent studies described that removal of SC showed beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan. This exciting research led to the discovery of “senolytics”, drugs which can kill SC. Given the heterogeneity of cell types that show senescence-like phenotypes, including heart muscle and post-mitotic neuronal cells, further research is required to unravel the molecular background that renders a cell type vulnerable to senesce. Additionally, it will be important to understand how senescence is cell type-specifically induced and which molecules serve as drug targets to prevent senescence and its spreading, or actively kill SC. This special issue will shed light on the molecular pathways of CS and inflammaging and on possible strategies to interfere with these processes. Dr. Markus Riessland Guest Editor.

Author : Lei Cao
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-04-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811250354

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Environmental Cns Stimulation In Aging, Health And Disease by Lei Cao Pdf

Social and environmental factors have profound impacts on health and diseases across the lifespan. Each year, hundreds of millions of animals are used in biomedical research. Yet many experimental studies utilize animals housed in standard conditions conferring minimal physical, social, and mental stimulation. Lacking appreciation of macroenvironment impacts on physiology and disease risks of the laboratory animals may not only hinder the use of appropriate animal models for human diseases, but also question the validity of preclinical assessments of therapeutic agents.This book summarizes our work on environmental enrichment, a housing condition for laboratory animals, recapitulating an active lifestyle by providing a complex physical, social, and cognitive stimulations. Environmental enrichment exerts a wide range of benefits on energy balance, cancer, immunity, stress, behavior, and healthy aging. One underlying mechanism is the activation of a specific neuroendocrine brain-adipocyte axis with brain-derived neurotrophic factor as the key brain mediator. This book integrates recent discoveries regarding mechanisms, mediators, and biomarkers of environmental enrichment, and discusses its translational potential.By providing a timely review and discussion of murine models, this book should be of interest to basic, translational, and clinical researchers, as well as psychologists, nutrition scientists, and students that have interest in cancer, obesity, aging, and genetic disorders.

Author : Vinod Nikhra, M D
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798684775871

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Ageing Slowly, Living Longer by Vinod Nikhra, M D Pdf

WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF LONGEVITYThe world today is fast progressing and we live in the unprecedented times. There is a boom of advances in every field, from the art to the science and technology. This includes health science, too. The wonderful advances in the field of medical science make it possible to cure acute disorders and, thus, avoiding untimely demise. The chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, etc. can be efficiently managed leading to virtual freedom from their complications. There is, in general, an appreciable increase in life expectancy and lifespan. The ideology apart, health is the prime instrument that lets us enjoy life. The preservation of health is the best formula for longevity. A healthy food, adequate physical activity and wholesome lifestyle keep the daily attrition-related damage at minimum and retard ageing. An optimal healthcare adds further. An individual's life course may appear unpredictable, but it is not. The genetic and environmental factors, both being of equal importance, and behavioral patterns can successfully predict the life expectancy. The longer life is not separate from ageing slowly. They are mutually related.The life is an eternal truth. We are because we live. We find people ageing; we ourselves age and grow older. The phenomenon of ageing is universal in the kingdom of living. With time, all living beings age. Yet, ageing is an enigma. We do not understand it. We do not exactly know, what makes us age and grow old, finally losing vitality of life? Living a healthy and long life is a common dream. All of us nourish the dream; all of us wish to realize it. But various disorders and infirmities annihilate the dream. Falling prey to them, we lose our health and fitness, and pass through an abridged life. There have been immense developments in scientific research, including medical science. There has evolved a whole novel understanding of the biology of ageing. A vast body of knowledge can explain the changes that take place with ageing at molecular and cellular level. At the same time, the progress in healthcare and technology makes it possible to slow ageing. The science has progressed and there are futuristic visions of achieving significant longevity. There are possibilities of being able to reverse the ageing process. The eternal dream of immortality, is on the verge of becoming a reality. This book aims to provide answers to the questions related to ageing. It aims to explain ageing and charts out a program for slowing ageing. It also gives a peep into the futuristic visions of longevity and suggests scientific ways for a long life. Simultaneously, it is designed to educate you for fitness and to lead a healthy life. As you read through the book, you will find long-held views interspersed with shattering myths, and scientific facts intermingled with results from research and studies, which are still not out of the lab doors. It may seem at times, but the book is not a fiction. Neither, it is a concocted dream. The book is based on current state of scientific knowledge and gerontological research. I intend to share with you the current state of knowledge relating to ageing and gerontology. There are, to share with you, the facts and visions more eloquent than imaginations, and amazing thoughts amounting to the reality-pregnant-early-morning dreams. You will notice few things as you read through the book. Using certain words has been avoided. You will only rarely find the words like aged, old, etc. The words like elderly have been used very sparingly. This has been done purposely and is well in line with the central thought of the book, which is to come out of our age-old prejudices against the old age. So, I request you to read on. After all, theme of the book ageing slowly and living longer, as indicated by the title chosen, is of the prime concern to all of us. Your partner in healthy long life, Dr Vinod Nikhra, M.D.

Author : Thomas Curran,Yves Christen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642166020

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Two Faces of Evil: Cancer and Neurodegeneration by Thomas Curran,Yves Christen Pdf

Homeostasis involves a delicate interplay between generative and degenerative processes to maintain a stable internal environment. In biological systems, equilibrium is established and controlled through a series of negative feedback mechanisms driven by a range of signal transduction processes. Failures in these complex communication pathways result in instability leading to disease. Cancer represents a state of imbalance caused by an excess of cell proliferation. In contrast, neurodegeneration is a consequence of excessive cell loss in the nervous system. Both of these disorders exhort profound tolls on humanity and they have been subject to a great deal of research designed to ameliorate this suffering. For the most part, the topics have been viewed as distinct and rarely do opportunities arise for transdisciplinary discussions among experts in both fields. However, cancer and neurodegeneration represent yin-yang counterpoints in the regulation of cell growth, and it is reasonable to hypothesize that key regulatory events mediated by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cancer may also affect neurodegenerative processes

Author : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642731846

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Membrane Biogenesis by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp Pdf

Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.

Author : President's Council on Bioethics (U.S.)
Publisher : Executive Office of the President
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : MINN:31951D02591321X

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Taking Care by President's Council on Bioethics (U.S.) Pdf

Author : Ira Byock
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781101561041

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The Best Care Possible by Ira Byock Pdf

A palliative care doctor on the front lines of hospital care illuminates one of the most important and controversial ethical issues of our time on his quest to transform care through the end of life. It is harder to die in this country than ever before. Statistics show that the vast majority of Americans would prefer to die at home, yet many of us spend our last days fearful and in pain in a healthcare system ruled by high-tech procedures and a philosophy to "fight disease and illness at all cost." Dr. Ira Byock, one of the foremost palliative-care physicians in the country, argues that end-of-life care is among the biggest national crises facing us today. In addressing the crisis, politics has trumped reason. Dr. Byock explains that to ensure the best possible care for those we love-and eventually ourselves- we must not only remake our healthcare system, we must also move past our cultural aversion to talking about death and acknowledge the fact of mortality once and for all. Dr. Byock describes what palliative care really is, and-with a doctor's compassion and insight-puts a human face on the issues by telling richly moving, heart-wrenching, and uplifting stories of real people during the most difficult moments in their lives. Byock takes us inside his busy, cutting-edge academic medical center to show what the best care at the end of life can look like and how doctors and nurses can profoundly shape the way families experience loss. Like books by Atul Gawande and Jerome Groopman, The Best Care Possible is a compelling meditation on medicine and ethics told through page-turning, life or death medical drama. It is passionate and timely, and it has the power to lead a new kind of national conversation.

Author : Lawrence Cohen
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1998-07-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0520925327

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No Aging in India by Lawrence Cohen Pdf

From the opening sequence, in which mid-nineteenth-century Indian fishermen hear the possibility of redemption in an old woman's madness, No Aging in India captures the reader with its interplay of story and analysis. Drawing on more than a decade of ethnographic work, Lawrence Cohen links a detailed investigation of mind and body in old age in four neighborhoods of the Indian city of Varanasi (Banaras) with events and processes around India and around the world. This compelling exploration of senility—encompassing not only the aging body but also larger cultural anxieties—combines insights from medical anthropology, psychoanalysis, and postcolonial studies. Bridging literary genres as well as geographic spaces, Cohen responds to what he sees as the impoverishment of both North American and Indian gerontologies—the one mired in ambivalence toward demented old bodies, the other insistent on a dubious morality tale of modern families breaking up and abandoning their elderly. He shifts our attention irresistibly toward how old age comes to matter in the constitution of societies and their narratives of identity and history.

Author : Abdulhameed Sabu,Anu Augustine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9788132208105

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Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the Issues by Abdulhameed Sabu,Anu Augustine Pdf

The book entitled “Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the issues” is a collection of selected research papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Biological Sciences (ICABS) organized by the Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology and the Inter University Centre for Bioscience, Kannur University, Kerala, India. ICABS witnessed a unique spectrum of Scientific Programmes on the most recent and exciting developments in modern biology. The conference displayed the numerous breakthroughs and significant developments in the important areas of modern biology and their relevance to the welfare of global society. The Book contains 50 well written chapters, each one discussing scientifically organized findings of original research work done in reputed laboratories. Needless to say, they deal with advances in various disciplines of modern biology including Cell and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology, Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Food and Agricultural Biotechnology and Medical Biotechnology. As the title rightly indicates, the chapters project the prospects in the respective areas and the issues in them. Specific issues discussed in the book includes development of transgenic plants, bioremediation of toxic industrial effluents, biotransformation for novel antibiotics, biofertilizer development, molecular drug designing and structure elucidation, molecular identification of pathogens, production of anti microbials, biocontrol agents and bioactive molecules, cancer biology, plant breeding and hybrid seed production etc. The book with its contents spreading across the vast arena of modern biology is expected to cater to the need of researchers, technologists and students.

Author : President's Council on Bioethics (U.S.)
Publisher : Harper Perennial
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2003-12-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:49015002930155

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Beyond Therapy by President's Council on Bioethics (U.S.) Pdf

explores the profound ethical and social consequences of today's biotechnical revolution. Almost every week brings news of novel methods for screening genes and testing embryos, choosing the sex and modifying the behavior of children, enhancing athletic performance, slowing aging, blunting painful memories, brightening mood, and altering basic temperaments. But we must not neglect the fundamental question: Should we be turning to biotechnology to fulfill our deepest human desires? We want better children -- but not by turning procreation into manufacture or by altering their brains to gain them an edge over their peers. We want to perform better in the activities of life -- but not by becoming mere creatures of chemistry. We want longer lives -- but not at the cost of becoming so obsessed with our own longevity that we care little about future generations. We want to be happy --

Author : Ashton Applewhite
Publisher : Celadon Books
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-05
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : 9781250297242

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This Chair Rocks by Ashton Applewhite Pdf

Author, activist, and TED speaker Ashton Applewhite has written a rousing manifesto calling for an end to discrimination and prejudice on the basis of age. In our youth obsessed culture, we’re bombarded by media images and messages about the despairs and declines of our later years. Beauty and pharmaceutical companies work overtime to convince people to purchase products that will retain their youthful appearance and vitality. Wrinkles are embarrassing. Gray hair should be colored and bald heads covered with implants. Older minds and bodies are too frail to keep up with the pace of the modern working world and olders should just step aside for the new generation. Ashton Applewhite once held these beliefs too until she realized where this prejudice comes from and the damage it does. Lively, funny, and deeply researched, This Chair Rocks traces her journey from apprehensive boomer to pro-aging radical, and in the process debunks myth after myth about late life. Explaining the roots of ageism in history and how it divides and debases, Applewhite examines how ageist stereotypes cripple the way our brains and bodies function, looks at ageism in the workplace and the bedroom, exposes the cost of the all-American myth of independence, critiques the portrayal of elders as burdens to society, describes what an all-age-friendly world would look like, and offers a rousing call to action. It’s time to create a world of age equality by making discrimination on the basis of age as unacceptable as any other kind of bias. Whether you’re older or hoping to get there, this book will shake you by the shoulders, cheer you up, make you mad, and change the way you see the rest of your life. Age pride! “Wow. This book totally rocks. It arrived on a day when I was in deep confusion and sadness about my age. Everything about it, from my invisibility to my neck. Within four or five wise, passionate pages, I had found insight, illumination, and inspiration. I never use the word empower, but this book has empowered me.” —Anne Lamott, New York Times bestselling author

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Bbva-Open Mind
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 8416714452

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The Next Step by Anonim Pdf

The Next Step: Exponential Life presents essays on the potential of what are known as "exponential technologies"--those whose development is accelerating rapidly, such as robotics, artificial intelligence or industrial biology--considering their economic, social, environmental, ethical and even ontological implications. This book's premise is that humanity is at the beginning of a technological revolution that is evolving at a much faster pace than earlier ones--a revolution is so far-reaching it is destined to generate transformations we can only begin to imagine. Contributors include Aubrey D.N.J. de Grey, Jonathan Rossiter, Joseph A. Paradiso, Kevin Warwick, Huma Shah, Ramón López de Mántaras, Helen Papagiannis, Jay David Bolter, Maria Engberg, Robin Hanson, Stuart Russell, Darrell M. West, Francisco González, Chris Skinner, Steven Monroe Lipkin, S. Matthew Liao, James Giordano, Luciano Floridi, Seán Ó Héigeartaigh and Martin Rees.

Author : Richard W. Hemingway,Joseph J. Karchesy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 539 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468475111

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Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins by Richard W. Hemingway,Joseph J. Karchesy Pdf

This book was developed from the proceedings of the first North American Tannin Conference held in Port. Angeles, Washington, August 1988. The objective of the conference was to bring together people with a common interest in condensed tannins and to promote interdisciplinary interactions that will lead to a better understanding of these important substances. Anot. her objective was the publicat. ion of this book because there has not been a monograph devoted to the chemistry and significance of tannins for several decades. The book is organized into sections dealing with the biosynthesis, structure, re actions, complexation with other biopolymers, biological significance, and use of tannins as specialty chemicals. The authors made a special attempt to focus on what we don't know as well as to provide a summary of what we do know in an effort to assist in planning future research. Our thanks go to the authors who so kindly contributed chapters and so pa tiently responded to our requests. We also thank Rylee Geboski and the Conference Assist. ance Staff, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, for their assistance in planning and conducting t. he conference, and Julia Wilson, Debbie Wolfe, Helen Coletka, and Nancy Greene of the Southern Forest Experiment Station, Pineville, Louisiana, who typed the chapt. ers. Linda Chalker-Scott was especially helpful in assisting us wit. h editing. Dick Hemingway is indebted t. o the staff of the Alexandria Forest.

Author : Alireza Koocheki,Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128187401

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Saffron by Alireza Koocheki,Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini Pdf

Saffron: Science, Technology and Health summarizes the scientific, technical and health aspects of this crop. Saffron possesses unique agronomical, ecological, social and physiological characteristics. And, there are various chemical components present in saffron, including carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, color pigment, aromatic and flavoring agents. Saffron has a long history of use in traditional medicine, and in recent years, the application of saffron in the medical industry as a cancer curing and antidepressant agent has brought more attention. There is also a growing trend of saffron use in the conventional food industry, including saffron desserts, cream, butter, beverages, powders, cake mixes and soups. Intended for nutrition scientists and scientists and technologists working in the areas of food, agriculture, new product development and pharmacology. Summarizes the scientific, technical and health aspects of saffron Explores the use of saffron in the conventional food industry in the development of new products Uncovers the unique agronomical, ecological, social and physiological characteristics of saffron

Author : Robert M. Sapolsky
Publisher : Holt Paperbacks
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2004-09-15
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : 9781429935654

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Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers by Robert M. Sapolsky Pdf

Renowned primatologist Robert Sapolsky offers a completely revised and updated edition of his most popular work, with over 225,000 copies in print Now in a third edition, Robert M. Sapolsky's acclaimed and successful Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers features new chapters on how stress affects sleep and addiction, as well as new insights into anxiety and personality disorder and the impact of spirituality on managing stress. As Sapolsky explains, most of us do not lie awake at night worrying about whether we have leprosy or malaria. Instead, the diseases we fear-and the ones that plague us now-are illnesses brought on by the slow accumulation of damage, such as heart disease and cancer. When we worry or experience stress, our body turns on the same physiological responses that an animal's does, but we do not resolve conflict in the same way-through fighting or fleeing. Over time, this activation of a stress response makes us literally sick. Combining cutting-edge research with a healthy dose of good humor and practical advice, Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers explains how prolonged stress causes or intensifies a range of physical and mental afflictions, including depression, ulcers, colitis, heart disease, and more. It also provides essential guidance to controlling our stress responses. This new edition promises to be the most comprehensive and engaging one yet.