Centrally Planned Economies

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Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies

C.M. Davis,W. Charemza
Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : C.M. Davis,W. Charemza
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789400908239

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Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies by C.M. Davis,W. Charemza Pdf

The centrally planned economies (CPEs) of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have experienced severe imbalances in domestic and external markets over the past several decades. As a result, they have been chronically afflicted by problems such as excess demand, repressed inflation, deficits of commodities, queues, waiting lists, and forced savings. Economists have responded to these phenomena by developing appropriate theoretical and empirical models of CPEs. Of particular note have been the pioneering studies of Richard Portes on disequilibrium econometric models and Janos Kornai on the shortage economy. Each approach has attracted followers who have produced numerous, innovative macro- and microeconomic models of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and the USSR. These models have proved to be of considerable value in the analysis of the causes, consequences and remedies of disequilibrium phenomena. Inevitably, the new research has also generated controversies both between and within the schools of shortage and disequilibrium modelling, concerning the fundamental nature of the socialist economy, theoretical concepts and definitions, the specification of models, estimation techniques, interpretation of empirical findings, and policy recommend ations. Furthermore, the research effort has been energetic but incomplete, so many gaps exist in the field.

An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe

Ivan T. Berend
An Economic History of Twentieth Century Europe Book PDF

Author : Ivan T. Berend
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781139452649

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An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe by Ivan T. Berend Pdf

A major history of economic regimes and economic performance throughout the twentieth century. Ivan T. Berend looks at the historic development of the twentieth-century European economy, examining both its failures and its successes in responding to the challenges of this crisis-ridden and troubled but highly successful age. The book surveys the European economy's chronological development, the main factors of economic growth, and the various economic regimes that were invented and introduced in Europe during the twentieth century. Professor Berend shows how the vast disparity between the European regions that had characterized earlier periods gradually began to disappear during the course of the twentieth century as more and more countries reached a more or less similar level of economic development. This accessible book will be required reading for students in European economic history, economics, and modern European history.

Centrally Planned Economies

Libor Žídek
Centrally Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : Libor Žídek
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-31
Category : Central planning
ISBN : 1138614386

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Centrally Planned Economies by Libor Žídek Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the centrally-planned economy of communist Czechoslovakia. One of the book's key questions is: Why did centrally-planned economies lag behind the developed economies? This book makes a major contribution to the discussion on central planning, as no similar recent publication on the topic exists.

Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies

P.T. Wanless
Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : P.T. Wanless
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351107198

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Taxation in Centrally Planned Economies by P.T. Wanless Pdf

Economists studying comparative economic systems have generally neglected the important question of taxation in socialist countries. This is somewhat surprising since taxation plays an important role in the regulation of economic activity in these countries. This book, first published in 1985, aims to restore the study of taxation to its rightful role in comparative economic studies. It stresses the importance of taxation and the state budget and argues that these are tools of economic policy which complement central economic planning.

The Logic of the Planned Economy

Pawel H. Dembinski
The Logic of the Planned Economy Book PDF

Author : Pawel H. Dembinski
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105035236830

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The Logic of the Planned Economy by Pawel H. Dembinski Pdf

This timely book examines and seeks to explain the inner contradictions of centrally planned economies and shows how the seeds of their collapse had existed within the system from the very start. The author shows how the orthodox ideological principles of the system rendered it inflexible and incapable of reform and thus unable to transform itself into an efficient modern economy. Though the system as such has ceased to exist, it is as yet only the rules that have disappeared--the system's components continue to exist and, the author argues, a proper understanding of the origins and previous functions of each component is necessary if it is to be integrated into the new system.

Centrally Planned Economies

Libor Žídek
Centrally Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : Libor Žídek
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780429874659

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Centrally Planned Economies by Libor Žídek Pdf

Offering a retrospective view of how the system operated in Communist Czechoslovakia, this book is an important voice in the discussion about the systems of central planning. The unique features of the book include in-depth research comprising both archival records and analyses of around 75 interviews conducted with period managers across a wide range of management levels. They provided evidence of pervasive inefficiency resulting in appalling economic outcomes. The book begins with a background to the politico-sociological system in Czechoslovakia and proceeds to describe the Marxist-Leninist ideological foundation of the regime, which underpinned the formal setting of the Czechoslovak model. These initial chapters set the context for the subsequent analysis of the real functioning of the system. The book explores the economic outcomes that must be understood as a natural consequence of the ways in which this system operated. The author finishes by answering the important question of why centrally planned economies trailed behind the market economies. The book’s unique use of the interview research format brings a vivid, close-up view of the everyday economic life in the centrally planned system. This will be a valuable contribution to the discussion surrounding the day-to-day reality of the system, which was found to be more colourful than is generally deemed. The book will appeal to both economic historians and students of economic history. A warning against repeating past mistakes, this book will also be of interest to those seeking a greater knowledge of the realities and consequences of centrally planned economies.

Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies

Richard Quandt,Dusan Triska
Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : Richard Quandt,Dusan Triska
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000308372

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Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies by Richard Quandt,Dusan Triska Pdf

Much research into the economics of socialist planned economies has emphasized macroeconomic issues central to setting and meeting macroeconomic goals, and research on the theory of the firm in capitalist economies is not generally relevant to socialist economies. In this volume, leading economists from both East and West fill the gap in the literature by examining in critical detail many different aspects of the microeconomics of the firm in socialist economies.

The People's Republic of Walmart

Leigh Phillips,Michal Rozworski
The People s Republic of Walmart Book PDF

Author : Leigh Phillips,Michal Rozworski
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781786635167

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The People's Republic of Walmart by Leigh Phillips,Michal Rozworski Pdf

Are multi-national corporations like Walmart and Amazon laying the groundwork for international socialism? For the left and the right, major multinational companies are held up as the ultimate expressions of free-market capitalism. Their remarkable success appears to vindicate the old idea that modern society is too complex to be subjected to a plan. And yet, as Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski argue, much of the economy of the West is centrally planned at present. Not only is planning on vast scales possible, we already have it and it works. The real question is whether planning can be democratic. Can it be transformed to work for us? An engaging, polemical romp through economic theory, computational complexity, and the history of planning, The People’s Republic of Walmart revives the conversation about how society can extend democratic decision-making to all economic matters. With the advances in information technology in recent decades and the emergence of globe-straddling collective enterprises, democratic planning in the interest of all humanity is more important and closer to attainment than ever before.

Measuring National Income in the Centrally Planned Economies

William Jefferies
Measuring National Income in the Centrally Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : William Jefferies
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317594925

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Measuring National Income in the Centrally Planned Economies by William Jefferies Pdf

In 1991 "Communism" collapsed. The cold war was over and the West had won. Whole cities, Moscow, St Petersburg, Warsaw, Beijing, Budapest and Bucharest, whole countries indeed, were privatised for nothing or next to nothing. This was probably the greatest expansion of the world market in history. And yet, according to national income measurements of the CIA, OECD, World Bank and IMF, this gigantic expansion of market production, led to a decline in market production in the very countries where it was introduced. How to explain this paradox? This book traces the origin of the West’s national income measurements, from their origin in the 1923/4 Balance developed in the USSR, to the USA in the early 1930s via two Soviet exiles, Simon Kuznets and Wassily Leontief, and then back to the USSR again, after a vigorous debate, through a protégé of Kuznets, Abram Bergson. The AFC imputed national incomes to a centrally planned economy, based on physical not income measurements. This book provides a detailed assessment of the failure of the AFC method to measure the real growth of actual market production during the transition period. This book provides a detailed account of the application of national income measurements to the centrally planned economies. It assesses all of the major contributors to this debate, including Colin Clark, Naum Jasny, Alexander Gerschenkron, G.Warren Nutter and Abram Bergson. It provides a new much higher, estimate of the expansion of market production during the transition period, based on an estimate of the actual growth of real market production. It discusses the very significant implications of this re-estimate for contemporary theories of globalisation.

Central Planning

P. Hare
Central Planning Book PDF

Author : P. Hare
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136472268

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Central Planning by P. Hare Pdf

Examines the nature and the mode of operation of the centrally planned economy, assessing its strengths and the weaknesses that eventually led to its demise.

Problems of the Planned Economy

John Eatwell,Murray Milgate,Peter Newman
Problems of the Planned Economy Book PDF

Author : John Eatwell,Murray Milgate,Peter Newman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1990-07-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781349208630

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Problems of the Planned Economy by John Eatwell,Murray Milgate,Peter Newman Pdf

This is an excerpt from the 4-volume dictionary of economics, a reference book which aims to define the subject of economics today. 1300 subject entries in the complete work cover the broad themes of economic theory. This extract concentrates on problems encountered in a planned economy.

Plans and Disequilibria in Centrally Planned Economies

W. Charemza,M. Gronicki
Plans and Disequilibria in Centrally Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : W. Charemza,M. Gronicki
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781483297477

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Plans and Disequilibria in Centrally Planned Economies by W. Charemza,M. Gronicki Pdf

The purpose of this study is to investigate interrelations between planning mechanisms and disequilibria in a case where the planning decisions are centralized and are exogenously given to enterprises. The first introductory chapter is intended to provide an understanding of Poland's economic situation during the period under research. In the next five chapters the basic model, describing the households-planners relations in terms of consumption, labour, money and plans are derived, estimated, used for calculation of excess demands, for simulation of some monetary policies, and, finally, for providing optimal control experiments in which consumption excess demand is minimized on a reasonable level of the consumption volume. In the next two chapters the basic model is gradually extended, and the last chapter summarizes the results by formulating a more effective macroeconomic policy.

Foreign Trade in the Centrally Planned Economy

T. Wolf
Foreign Trade in the Centrally Planned Economy Book PDF

Author : T. Wolf
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136471988

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Foreign Trade in the Centrally Planned Economy by T. Wolf Pdf

Analyses the main institutional and policy determinants of the foreign trade behaviour of a centrally planned economy and studies factors that affect the level and pattern of foreign trade.

Interactions Between the Planner, Managers and Workers in Centrally Planned Economies

Joop de Kort
Interactions Between the Planner Managers and Workers in Centrally Planned Economies Book PDF

Author : Joop de Kort
Publisher : Purdue University Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015032427703

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Interactions Between the Planner, Managers and Workers in Centrally Planned Economies by Joop de Kort Pdf

The coordination of decision making has always been an important topic for politicians, business people, and scientists alike. The experiment in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to build a centrally planned economy provides an excellent example to study the possibilities and limitations of planned coordination. In this study, the author focuses on the interaction between several actors in a centrally planned economy, stressing the dominant position of the planner. An historical essay on the organization of production in the Soviet Union is combined with several theoretical insights. This forms the basis for the argument that the planner's reluctance to take the preferences and the strategies of others in society are essential explaining why the socialist experiment failed.

From Centrally-Planned to Market Economies

Guillermo Calvo,Mr.Jacob A. Frenkel
From Centrally Planned to Market Economies Book PDF

Author : Guillermo Calvo,Mr.Jacob A. Frenkel
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1991-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822006408371

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From Centrally-Planned to Market Economies by Guillermo Calvo,Mr.Jacob A. Frenkel Pdf

This paper deals with the early stages of transformation of centrally-planned economies (CPEs) into market economies during which expectations play a key role. It focuses on the transitional phase during which the economy is not any more a CPE but has not yet become a market economy. During this phase the economy is referred to as a “previously centrally-planned economy” (PCPE). A simple model is developed to analyze the consequences of expected price liberalization. The CPEs undergoing transformation lack depth and breadth of financial markets. The analysis illustrates the benefits from an early development of such markets. It demonstrates the cost of a fine-tuning strategy and the benefits from a quick implementation of price reform. The paper also examines means to reduce “liquidity overhang,” and shows that they involve taxation of one form or another. The consequences of privatization are analyzed and the benefits from an early development of an effective tax system highlighted.