Cerebral Ischemia And Basic Mechanisms

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Cerebral Ischemia and Basic Mechanisms

Alexander Hartmann,Frank Yatsu,Wolfgang Kuschinsky
Cerebral Ischemia and Basic Mechanisms Book PDF

Author : Alexander Hartmann,Frank Yatsu,Wolfgang Kuschinsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642781513

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Cerebral Ischemia and Basic Mechanisms by Alexander Hartmann,Frank Yatsu,Wolfgang Kuschinsky Pdf

In this volume, one of a series of monographs devoted to the problems of cerebral ischemia and related topics, we present the proceedings of an international conference on Cerebral Ischemia and Basic Mechanisms held in Bad Schachen/Lake Constance, Germany in June 1992. The enormous progress in research recently on the basic mechanisms associated with cerebral ischemia has provided greater insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced brain perfusion and decreased cerebral metabolism. The high technology instrumentation used to unravel the intricacies of cerebral blood flow and metabolism includes positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. A description of sophisticated neurophysiological techniques will give the reader insight into new models of reversible and irreversible tissue damage and changes at the molecular level have been described. The therapeutic approaches which have developed from this re search have been or will be used in clinical trials and will open new avenues in the treatment of stroke. The organizers of the meeting would like to thank the advisory board for its helpful suggestions and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and other sponsors for their important support.

Ischemic Stroke

Chung Y. Hsu
Ischemic Stroke Book PDF

Author : Chung Y. Hsu
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783805565608

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Ischemic Stroke by Chung Y. Hsu Pdf

'... Provides an admirable review of current knowledge regarding experimental stroke research, and outlines the problems and some solutions in the clinical application of such knowledge.'

Clinical Recovery from CNS Damage

Hiroaki Naritomi,D. W. Krieger
Clinical Recovery from CNS Damage Book PDF

Author : Hiroaki Naritomi,D. W. Krieger
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783318023084

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Clinical Recovery from CNS Damage by Hiroaki Naritomi,D. W. Krieger Pdf

A compilation of innovative findings and new directions in neurological recovery After decades of focusing on how to alleviate and prevent recurrence of acute CNS injuries, the emphasis has finally shifted towards repairing such devastating events and rehabilitation. This development has been made possible by substantial progress in understanding the scientific underpinnings of recovery as well as by novel diagnostic tools, and most importantly, by emerging therapies awaiting clinical trials. In this publication, several international experts introduce novel areas of neurological reorganization and repair following CNS damage. Principles and methods to monitor and augment neuroplasticity are explored in depth and supplemented by a critical appraisal of neurological repair mechanisms and possibilities to curtail disability using computer or robotic interfaces. Rather than providing a textbook approach of CNS restoration, the editors selected topics where progress is most imminent in this labyrinthine domain of medicine. Moreover, the varied background and origins of the contributors lend this book a truly global perspective on the current state of affairs in neurological recovery.

Cerebral Blood Flow

Michael Pinsky
Cerebral Blood Flow Book PDF

Author : Michael Pinsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642560361

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Cerebral Blood Flow by Michael Pinsky Pdf

Cerebral Blood Flow: Quantifying Consciousness Although the heart may be the source of energy needed to generate blood flow,and other organs absolutely essential for normal living,the brain is the reason we are alive. The collected book chapters are aimed at addressing this most fundamental organ and its blood flow. These papers reflect detailed descriptions of similar topics presented over a two-day period as part of the 5th International Symposium on Applied Physiology of the Peripheral Circulation held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in June 2000. The symposium and this volume were organized into four distinct groupings that follow in a logical fashion. The initial papers focus on the basic unique physiology and pathophysiology of the cerebral circulation, including a historical reviewof the means to measure cerebral blood flow and its implications of the past 30 years. Dr. Walter D. Obrist was one of the original investigators to use radiolabeled markers to assess cerebral blood flow. His equations and initial studies form an impressive introduction to where we are now. As with much of the body's special organs, the brain too has many circulatory features unique to itself.These include the unique blood-brain barrier function ofthe endothelium, local neural regulation control, and intracranial pressure effects. These special issues,plus genetic factors that may predispose individuals to developing cere bral aneurysm, make up the initial section of the monograph.

Cerebral Ischemia

Wolfgang Walz
Cerebral Ischemia Book PDF

Author : Wolfgang Walz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1999-03-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592594795

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Cerebral Ischemia by Wolfgang Walz Pdf

The human brain represents about 2% of the body weight, yet it accounts for approximately 20% of aerobic metabolism. This high dependency on energy-consuming processes is mainly caused by the active transport of ions, which is necessary to compensate for the transmembrane ion currents that are part ofthe complex signaling processes in the brain. Ninety-five percent ofthe brain's ATP is derived from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Since that organ' s storage capacity for oxygen is minimal, any interruption of oxygen delivery to brain cells willlead to changes in membrane excitability and, there fore, to disruption of neuronal signaling within seconds. It seems that mamma lian brain is especially vulnerable to such an interruption, since oxygen deprivation leads to activation of ion channel mechanisms in neurons that impair their communications. Thus, the function of the brain as a coordinator of vital homeostatic reflexes, and complex body reactions to external challenges, depends critically on the rate of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. Oxygen delivery depends on two variables described in the Fick relation ship: volume flow rate ofblood and the arterial oxygen content. A reduction in either of these two variables will have serious effects on vital brain func tions. Reduction of arterial blood flow to the brain can be caused by cardiac arrest, shock, carotid occlusion, Of hypotension (global ischemia). Oxygen content is progressively decreased in asphyxia (including drowning).

Brain Ischemia

Louis R. Caplan
Brain Ischemia Book PDF

Author : Louis R. Caplan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781447120735

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Brain Ischemia by Louis R. Caplan Pdf

Professor Caplan has extensively edited the book to shape and organize the contents into a succinct presentation by experts of the basic science and clinical aspects of the topic. The text has been divided into sections: The Brain.- Macroscopic and microscopic molecular aspects of brain ischemia, including pathophysiology, pathology, biochemistry, and clinical measurement.- Blood Vessels.- Their constitution and the pathology and physiology of the endothelium and arterial wall.- Blood Flow.- Its physics, control, rheology, and pathophysiology.- Blood.- The role of the cellular and serological constituents in coagulation and fibrinolysis. - Heart.- Sources of embolism and cardiac changes caused by brain ischemia.- And Epidemiology, Databases, and Trials. Prefatory remarks by Professor Caplan introduce each section. At the end of each section he relates the basic concepts to patient problems in the clinic, integrates the various contributions in the section, and covers other areas not discussed by the individual contributors.

Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage in Cerebral Ischemia and Trauma

Alexander Baethmann,Oliver S. Kempski,Nikolaus Plesnila,Frank Staub
Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage in Cerebral Ischemia and Trauma Book PDF

Author : Alexander Baethmann,Oliver S. Kempski,Nikolaus Plesnila,Frank Staub
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783709194652

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Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage in Cerebral Ischemia and Trauma by Alexander Baethmann,Oliver S. Kempski,Nikolaus Plesnila,Frank Staub Pdf

The publication of the Vth International Symposium 1995 on "Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage" in Mauls/ltaly is a collection of focused reviews reaching from novel molecular- and cell biological findings to aspects of clinical management in head injury and cerebral ischemia. A specific purpose of these series of meetings introduced in 1984 is for an exchange on problems of mutual interest by international high ranking experts from the basic sciences and related clinical disciplines, such as intensive care medicine, neurology, or neurosurgery. The present volume covers three major areas: (a) Molecular and cell biological mechanisms including inflammation (b) Novel findings on mechanisms and treatment in cerebral ischemia (c) Secondary processes in head injury, regeneration and treatment Molecular-and cell biology is currently attracting attention towards activation of genomic processes associated with the demise of cells referred to as "programmed cell death" and "apoptosis" which, actually, might be distinguished from each other. Thus, the phenomenon of delayed neuronal death in selectively vulnerable brain areas following brief interruption of blood flow is scrutinized as to the contribution of the activation of suicide genes. The physiological role of such a response, among others, is removal of surplus neurons during ontogenesis of the brain. Yet, evidence is accumulating that similar mechanisms playa role in cerebral ischemia, probably also trauma, where nerve-and other cells demonstrate features of apoptosis. Observations on protection of neurons by administration of protein synthesis inhibitors in cerebral ischemia provide more direct support.

Cerebral Ischemia and Resuscitation

Avital Schurr,Benjamin M. Rigor
Cerebral Ischemia and Resuscitation Book PDF

Author : Avital Schurr,Benjamin M. Rigor
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1990-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 0849367158

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Cerebral Ischemia and Resuscitation by Avital Schurr,Benjamin M. Rigor Pdf

This fascinating monograph is filled with information formerly found only in periodicals and symposia proceedings. Chapters discuss the different models of cerebral ischemia in use today, including their advantages and disadvantages. This one-of-a-kind resource also contains essential chapters on cellular mechanisms of ion and acid-base homeostases, and energy metabolism of the ischemic brain. It reviews the possible role of lipids, free fatty acids, and free radicals. Four chapters are devoted to neurotransmitters and neuroregulators in cerebral ischemia. This extraordinary work also covers aspects of protection against and resuscitation from cerebral ischemia. An extremely informative volume, this book is an absolute must for every student in the field of cerebral ischemia, as well as the clinician or scientist who is already involved with this worldwide problem.

Mechanisms of Cerebral Hypoxia and Stroke

G. Somjen
Mechanisms of Cerebral Hypoxia and Stroke Book PDF

Author : G. Somjen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468455625

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Mechanisms of Cerebral Hypoxia and Stroke by G. Somjen Pdf

The articles and short communications in this volume are based on papers pre sented to the Symposium on Cerebral Hypoxia and Stroke held in Budapest in August of 1987. Besides participants at the meeting, three scientists who were invited but could not attend have also contributed chapters to this volume. A synopsis of the general discussion at the conference and a review chapter conclude this volume. To the readers of this book it will not be news that stroke is a worldwide problem. Efforts to cope with this often devastating condition are worldwide also, as attested by the international membership of the conference. It has been said of oxygen deficiency that it not only stops the machine, it also wrecks the machinery. The paramount question in stroke research is this: why can't the brain be restarted after a hypoxic episode in much the same manner as a motor car can when its gas tank is refilled after it stalled because it ran out of fuel? Participants at the Symposium had been requested in advance of the meeting to especially consider a series of specific questions in relation to this general problem. Among these specific questions were: the mechanism of synaptic blockade in hypoxic brain tissue; the transition from reversible to irreversible arrest of function; the nature of postischemic (delayed) cell death; the possible basic differences in the consequences of hypoxia and ischemia; and actual and potential approaches to the prevention and treatment of cell damage in hypoxia and stroke.

Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia III

Umeo Ito,Cesare Fieschi,Francesco Orzi,Toshihiko Kuroiwa,Igor Klatzo
Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia III Book PDF

Author : Umeo Ito,Cesare Fieschi,Francesco Orzi,Toshihiko Kuroiwa,Igor Klatzo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642586026

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Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia III by Umeo Ito,Cesare Fieschi,Francesco Orzi,Toshihiko Kuroiwa,Igor Klatzo Pdf

The Maturation Phenomenon, described by Ito et al. in 1975 [3) on the basis of his to logical observations in the hippocampus as well as other portions of the cerebral hemisphere, refers to the hours or days of delay in the development of pathological changes in various parameters of ischemic injury following the restoration of blood flow to the ischemic brain. There is a direct relationship between the intensity of ischemic insult and the speed and rate of maturation of ischemic injury, a lesser intensity being associated with slower and less severe development of the lesions. The delayed neuronal death of CAl pyramidal cells of the hippocampus [8) is a classic example. In the cerebral cortex, with increasing intensity of the ischemic insult, the maturation phenomenon of ischemic injuries intensifies, seamlessly, from less exten sive to more extensive disseminated selective neuronal necrosis (DSNN), and then further to cerebral infarction upon reaching a critical threshold [1,2,4,6,7). We also have found that following ischemic insults just under the threshold level required to induce infarction, only disseminated selective neuronal necrosis (DSNN) progresses, while following ischemic insults at the threshold level, initially only DSNN develops, followed by the evolution of a gradually enlarging infarcted focus [5, 7). The reporting of this phenomenon boosted research in the field, as it became evi dent that ischemic damage is not a sudden event, but a process potentially susceptible to therapeutic intervention.

Acute Ischemic Stroke

R. Gilberto González,Joshua A. Hirsch,Michael H. Lev,Pamela W. Schaefer,Lee H. Schwamm
Acute Ischemic Stroke Book PDF

Author : R. Gilberto González,Joshua A. Hirsch,Michael H. Lev,Pamela W. Schaefer,Lee H. Schwamm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-10-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642127519

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Acute Ischemic Stroke by R. Gilberto González,Joshua A. Hirsch,Michael H. Lev,Pamela W. Schaefer,Lee H. Schwamm Pdf

This updated second edition of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Imaging and Intervention provides a comprehensive account of the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The basic format of the first edition has been retained, with sections on fundamentals such as pathophysiology and causes, imaging techniques and interventions. However, each chapter has been revised to reflect the important recent progress in advanced neuroimaging and the use of interventional tools. In addition, a new chapter is included on the classification instruments for ischemic stroke and their use in predicting outcomes and therapeutic triage. All of the authors are internationally recognized experts and members of the interdisciplinary stroke team at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. The text is supported by numerous informative illustrations, and ease of reference is ensured through the inclusion of suitable tables. This book will serve as a unique source of up-to-date information for neurologists, emergency physicians, radiologists and other health care providers who care for the patient with acute ischemic stroke.

Cerebral Ischemia

Ryszard M. Pluta
Cerebral Ischemia Book PDF

Author : Ryszard M. Pluta
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1291165922

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Cerebral Ischemia by Ryszard M. Pluta Pdf

Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common causes of dementia, which develops in more than half of patients after an ischemic episode. The main mechanism is thought to be pathological changes in the hippocampus, especially in the CA1 area, underlying episodic memory impairment, which is the earliest and most important clinical symptom of post-ischemic dementia. The 13 chapters of this book present a new picture of ischemic brain disease, synthesizing the latest data on disease mechanisms, care for patients with this disease, and potential therapeutic targets. The authors present the characteristics of cerebral ischemia from pregnancy and childhood through adolescence to adulthood. The first two chapters provide a snapshot of the anatomy of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, the most affected brain structures after cerebral ischemia. This is followed by nine chapters that present a comprehensive view of the pathological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia, and how a deep understanding of these pathomechanisms hold the key for the discovery and development of novel therapies to help patients affected by cerebral ischemia. Chapter 12 shares real-life experience and challenges of rehabilitating patients into the community after cerebral ischemia, and chapter 13 analyzes the social risk variations, including gender inequality, in the reintegration of post-ischemic stroke patients. Although primarily aimed at scientists and clinicians, the contents of the book will be of interest to all those who are interested in cerebral ischemia, including patients and their caregivers.

The Cerebral Circulation

Marilyn J. Cipolla
The Cerebral Circulation Book PDF

Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047239

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The Cerebral Circulation by Marilyn J. Cipolla Pdf

This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Hypothermia and Cerebral Ischemia

Carolina M. Maier,Gary K. Steinberg
Hypothermia and Cerebral Ischemia Book PDF

Author : Carolina M. Maier,Gary K. Steinberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2003-10-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592596539

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Hypothermia and Cerebral Ischemia by Carolina M. Maier,Gary K. Steinberg Pdf

A comprehensive review of the scientific and clinical studies that have led to the resurgence of interest in hypothermia as a neuroprotective strategy in the treatment of stroke and traumatic brain injury. Topics of special importance include intraoperative and intensive care management of hypothermia-treated patients, a critical look at the potential for combining hypothermia with pharmacotherapy, and an update on the latest technological advances that have made hypothermic treatment possible in today's clinical setting.

Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage from Trauma and Ischemia

A. Baethmann,J. Eriskat,J. Lehmberg,N. Plesnila
Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage from Trauma and Ischemia Book PDF

Author : A. Baethmann,J. Eriskat,J. Lehmberg,N. Plesnila
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783709106037

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Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage from Trauma and Ischemia by A. Baethmann,J. Eriskat,J. Lehmberg,N. Plesnila Pdf

Top level clinical and laboratory scientists present their most recent clinical and experimental findings and concepts. The well balanced contributions illustrate the enormous significance of the dialogue between both laboratory and clinic, ultimately for the benefit of the patients, and contribute to a better understanding of secondary brain damage from trauma and ischemia as basis to develop more effective treatment including drugs.