Chemosensory Information Processing

Author : Detlev Schild
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642751271

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Chemosensory Information Processing by Detlev Schild Pdf

In July 1989 a symposium was held at the Physiology Department of the Georg August University, G6ttingen, on the physiological, biophysical, biochemical, and technical principles of the coding of chemical substances both in nervous systems and artificial devices. This book is the collection of the papers presented at that meeting. Biological and artificial systems for odor coding both have in common that the stimulus selectivity of the receptor cells (sensors) is usually very poor, and the mechanisms which determine selectivity and sensitivity are largely unknown. However, a poor selectivity allows the coding of an enormous number of stimuli by combinations of receptor activities. In the field of chemosensory information coding there are thus two major problems: the function of the receptors and the network that processes and evaluates the primary information of the sensors. Accordingly, this volume has three parts: sensors, the network following the sensors, and the coding in this network. The expert secretarial assistance of M. Holtmann in preparing the camera-ready manuscript is gratefully acknowledged. D. Schild G6ttingen, August 1989 CONTENTS l. Response of olfactory receptor cells, isolated and in situ, to low concentrations of odorants 1 Stephan Frings, Bernd Lindemann 2. Excitation and adaptation of frog olfactory receptor neurones upon stimulation with second messengers and natural odorants 9 D. Schild, J. A. DeSimone, S. Hellwig 3. Receptor selectivity and dimensionality of odours at the stage of the olfactory receptor cells 21 GiJJes Sicard 4.

Author : Wolfgang Meyerhof,Sigrun Korsching
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2009-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540699194

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Chemosensory Systems in Mammals, Fishes, and Insects by Wolfgang Meyerhof,Sigrun Korsching Pdf

The sense of smell has an essential role in locating food, detecting predators, navigating, and communicating social information. Accordingly, the olfactory system has evolved complex repertoires of receptors to face these problems. Although the sense of taste has less far-reaching tasks, they are every bit as essential for the animals well-being, allowing it to reject toxic materials and to select nutritionally valuable food. The last decade has seen a massive advance in understanding the molecular logic of chemosensory information processing, beyond that already achieved in the rst few years following Linda Bucks discovery of odorant receptors. Shortly afterwards, the major principles of olfactory representation had been established in mammals as the one neuron/ one receptor rule and the convergence of neurons, which express the same receptor, onto individual modules in the olfactory bulb. In recent years, such studies have been extended to lower vertebrates, including shes and other phyla, i. e. , arthropods, worms, and insects, showing both the general validity of these concepts and some exceptions to the rule. In parallel, hallmarks of the molecular logic of taste sensation have been deciphered and found to differ in interesting ways from those of smell sensation.

Author : Wolfgang Meyerhof,Sigrun Korsching
Publisher : Springer
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2009-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540866167

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Chemosensory Systems in Mammals, Fishes, and Insects by Wolfgang Meyerhof,Sigrun Korsching Pdf

The sense of smell has an essential role in locating food, detecting predators, navigating, and communicating social information. Accordingly, the olfactory system has evolved complex repertoires of receptors to face these problems. Although the sense of taste has less far-reaching tasks, they are every bit as essential for the animals well-being, allowing it to reject toxic materials and to select nutritionally valuable food. The last decade has seen a massive advance in understanding the molecular logic of chemosensory information processing, beyond that already achieved in the rst few years following Linda Bucks discovery of odorant receptors. Shortly afterwards, the major principles of olfactory representation had been established in mammals as the one neuron/ one receptor rule and the convergence of neurons, which express the same receptor, onto individual modules in the olfactory bulb. In recent years, such studies have been extended to lower vertebrates, including shes and other phyla, i. e. , arthropods, worms, and insects, showing both the general validity of these concepts and some exceptions to the rule. In parallel, hallmarks of the molecular logic of taste sensation have been deciphered and found to differ in interesting ways from those of smell sensation.

Author : Gerald Tesauro,David S. Touretzky,Todd Leen
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1180 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262201046

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Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7 by Gerald Tesauro,David S. Touretzky,Todd Leen Pdf

November 28-December 1, 1994, Denver, Colorado NIPS is the longest running annual meeting devoted to Neural Information Processing Systems. Drawing on such disparate domains as neuroscience, cognitive science, computer science, statistics, mathematics, engineering, and theoretical physics, the papers collected in the proceedings of NIPS7 reflect the enduring scientific and practical merit of a broad-based, inclusive approach to neural information processing. The primary focus remains the study of a wide variety of learning algorithms and architectures, for both supervised and unsupervised learning. The 139 contributions are divided into eight parts: Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, Learning Theory, Algorithms and Architectures, Implementations, Speech and Signal Processing, Visual Processing, and Applications. Topics of special interest include the analysis of recurrent nets, connections to HMMs and the EM procedure, and reinforcement- learning algorithms and the relation to dynamic programming. On the theoretical front, progress is reported in the theory of generalization, regularization, combining multiple models, and active learning. Neuroscientific studies range from the large-scale systems such as visual cortex to single-cell electrotonic structure, and work in cognitive scientific is closely tied to underlying neural constraints. There are also many novel applications such as tokamak plasma control, Glove-Talk, and hand tracking, and a variety of hardware implementations, with particular focus on analog VLSI.

Author : Sebastian Thrun,Lawrence K. Saul,Bernhard Schölkopf
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1694 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Models, Neurological
ISBN : 0262201526

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Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 by Sebastian Thrun,Lawrence K. Saul,Bernhard Schölkopf Pdf

Papers presented at the 2003 Neural Information Processing Conference by leading physicists, neuroscientists, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. The annual Neural Information Processing (NIPS) conference is the flagship meeting on neural computation. It draws a diverse group of attendees -- physicists, neuroscientists, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. The presentations are interdisciplinary, with contributions in algorithms, learning theory, cognitive science, neuroscience, brain imaging, vision, speech and signal processing, reinforcement learning and control, emerging technologies, and applications. Only thirty percent of the papers submitted are accepted for presentation at NIPS, so the quality is exceptionally high. This volume contains all the papers presented at the 2003 conference.

Author : Martin Klasen,Benjamin Kreifelts,Yu-Han Chen,Janina Seubert,Klaus Mathiak
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-06
Category : Affect (Psychology)
ISBN : 9782889194148

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Neural processing of emotion in multimodal settings by Martin Klasen,Benjamin Kreifelts,Yu-Han Chen,Janina Seubert,Klaus Mathiak Pdf

Our everyday life is characterized by a multitude of emotionally relevant cues that we perceive and communicate via various sensory channels. This does not only encompass the obvious cases of auditory and visual modalities, but also olfactory, gustatory, and even tactile stimuli. Any kind of emotional situation in a natural setting is usually a multimodal experience: A friend welcomes us with warm words, a smile, and a happy voice; the sight of our favourite food is accompanied by a seductive smell and a delicious taste; the thrill of watching an exciting movie scene is intensified by a gripping soundtrack. In these situations, the signals from various senses do not stand on their own; they interact and create a unified emotional experience. Recent neuroscientific research has begun to accommodate this inherent multimodality of emotions in natural situations by studying the interaction of affectively relevant information from more than one sensory channel. Fascinating new aspects emerge concerning the neurobiology of emotion processing, and there is evidence that integrating emotional cues from various sources invokes brain processes that go beyond the well-known patterns observed during unimodal stimulation. The aim of this volume is to present novel and interesting studies dealing with the multimodality of emotions and their neural processing. This includes findings from novel paradigms beyond the classical stimulus-response pattern, fascinating new insights into the interaction of the chemical senses, new analysis methods, comprehensive reviews of selected topics, multimodality in social interactions, and clinical perspectives. Taken together, the studies of this volume thus help us to better understand the interplay of various senses in our daily emotional experiences.

Author : Andrew J. Taylor,Deborah D. Roberts
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781405150019

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Flavor Perception by Andrew J. Taylor,Deborah D. Roberts Pdf

Unlike other human senses, the exact mechanisms that lead to our perception of flavor have not yet been elucidated. It is recognised that the process involves a wide range of stimuli, which are thought likely to interact in a complex way, but, since the chemical compounds and physical structures that activate the flavor sensors change as the food is eaten, measurements of the changes in stimuli with time are essential to an understanding of the relationship between stimuli and perception. It is clear that we need to consider the whole process - the release of flavor chemicals in the mouth, the transport processes to the receptors, the specificity and characteristics of the receptors, the transduction mechanisms and the subsequent processing of signals locally and at higher centres in the brain. This book provides a state-of-the-art review of our current understanding of the key stages of flavor perception for those working in the flavor field, whether in the academic or industrial sector. In particular, it is directed at food scientists and technologists, ingredients suppliers and sensory scientists.

Author : Anna Menini
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2009-11-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 1420071998

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The Neurobiology of Olfaction by Anna Menini Pdf

Comprehensive Overview of Advances in Olfaction The common belief is that human smell perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are uncovered and investigated in animal research would have little significance for humans. However, new evidence from a variety of sources indicates this traditional view is likely overly simplistic. The Neurobiology of Olfaction provides a thorough analysis of the state-of-the-science in olfactory knowledge and research, reflecting the growing interest in the field. Authors from some of the most respected laboratories in the world explore various aspects of olfaction, including genetics, behavior, olfactory systems, odorant receptors, odor coding, and cortical activity. Until recently, almost all animal research in olfaction was carried out on orthonasal olfaction (inhalation). It is only in recent years, especially in human flavor research, that evidence has begun to be obtained regarding the importance of retronasal olfaction (exhalation). These studies are beginning to demonstrate that retronasal smell plays a large role to play in human behavior. Highlighting common principles among various species – including humans, insects, Xenopus laevis (African frog), and Caenorhabditis elegans (nematodes) – this highly interdisciplinary book contains chapters about the most recent discoveries in odor coding from the olfactory epithelium to cortical centers. It also covers neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Each subject-specific chapter is written by a top researcher in the field and provides an extensive list of reviews and original articles for students and scientists interested in further readings.

Author : Maarten E. A. Reith
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2000-02-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592590193

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Cerebral Signal Transduction by Maarten E. A. Reith Pdf

Since the pioneering discovery of cyclic AMP four decades ago, a multitude of signaling pathways have been uncovered in which an extracellular signal (first messenger) impacts the cell surface, thereby triggering a cascade that ultimately acts on the cell nucleus. In each cascade the first messenger gives rise to the appearance of a second messenger such as cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, or diacylglycerol, which in turn triggers a third messenger, a fourth messenger, and so forth. Many advances in elucidating such pathways have been made, including efforts to link messenger molecules to brain processes operative in health or disease. However, the latter type of information, relating signaling pathways to brain function, is scattered across a variety of publication media, which makes it difficult to integrate the multiple roles of different signaling cascades into our understanding of brain function in health and disease. The primary aim of Cerebral Signal Transduction: From First to Fourth Messengers, therefore, is to offer a comprehensive picture of the recent advances made in the signaling field as it relates to neuronal and cere bral function. The current state of progress provides an exciting opportunity for such a comprehensive focus because molecular tools have become available to selectively remove, reduce, or enhance spe cific components in the signaling pathways, e. g. , by interfering with the genes encoding key proteins. In addition, the increased awareness of crosstalk between different signaling cascades has revealed many possibilities for changes in gene expression underlying long-term changes in brain function.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 5215 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128054093

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The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference by Anonim Pdf

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion

Author : Dieter Wicher,Frédéric Marion-Poll
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889457489

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Function and Regulation of Chemoreceptors by Dieter Wicher,Frédéric Marion-Poll Pdf

To perceive environmental chemical compounds and to convert these external signals into an intracellular message might be the oldest way for a living being to get information from the outside world. Chemoreceptors are proteins or protein complexes that detect molecules from the outside world either at distance (olfaction) or at close range (gustation). Chemoreceptors can operate as ionotropic or as metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic receptors form ion channels that are activated via ligand binding. Activation of a metabotropic receptor initiates an intracellular signaling cascade that could include a change of enzymatic activity, production of second messenger or activation of ion channels. The receptor performance has to be fine-tuned according to the actual physiological requirements and the presentation of the chemical signal. This Research Topic collects reports and reviews on structure and function of chemoreceptors in the animal kingdom, and how these receptors are regulated.

Author : Max F. K. Happel,Livia de Hoz,Anita Luthi,Julio C. Hechavarría
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889745852

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Cortical-Subcortical Loops in Sensory Processing by Max F. K. Happel,Livia de Hoz,Anita Luthi,Julio C. Hechavarría Pdf

Author : Pattie Maes
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262631784

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From Animals to Animats 4 by Pattie Maes Pdf

From Animals to Animats 4 brings together the latest research at the frontier of an exciting new approach to understanding intelligence.

Author : Bill S. Hansson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1999-06-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3540650342

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Insect Olfaction by Bill S. Hansson Pdf

The insect olfactory system has become a very important model of sensory function, morphology and development. Intense research in several insect orders has yielded a large amount of data. This book provides a comprehensive overview, with special emphasis placed on pheromone-specific and host-related detection and processing of odour information. A valuable information source not only for researchers and students in the field of insect olfaction but also for those working on sensory systems, in entomology, neurophysiology, and pest control.

Author : International Neural Network Society
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 1408 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Neural networks (Computer science)
ISBN : 0805826084

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WCNN'96, San Diego, California, U.S.A. by International Neural Network Society Pdf