Chimpanzees War And History

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Chimpanzees, War, and History

R. Brian Ferguson
Chimpanzees War and History Book PDF

Author : R. Brian Ferguson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2023-06-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780197506752

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Chimpanzees, War, and History by R. Brian Ferguson Pdf

The question of whether men are predisposed to war runs hot in contemporary scholarship and online discussion. Within this debate, chimpanzee behavior is often cited to explain humans' propensity for violence; the claim is that male chimpanzees kill outsiders because they are evolutionarily inclined, suggesting to some that people are too. The longstanding critique that killing is instead due to human disturbance has been pronounced dead and buried. In Chimpanzees, War, and History, R. Brian Ferguson challenges this consensus. By historically contextualizing every reported chimpanzee killing, Ferguson offers and empirically substantiates two hypotheses. Primarily, he provides detailed demonstration of the connection between human impact and intergroup killing of adult chimpanzees. Secondarily, he argues that killings within social groups reflect status conflicts, display violence against defenseless individuals, and payback killings of fallen status bullies. Ferguson also explains broad chimpanzee-bonobo differences in violence through constructed and transmitted social organizations consistent with new perspectives in evolutionary theory. He deconstructs efforts to illuminate human warfare via chimpanzee analogy, and provides an alternative anthropological theory grounded in Pan-human contrasts that is applicable to different types of warfare. Bringing readers on a journey through theoretical struggle and clashing ideas about chimpanzees, bonobos, and evolution, Ferguson opens new ground on the age-old question--are men born to kill?

Chimpanzee Culture Wars

Nicolas Langlitz
Chimpanzee Culture Wars Book PDF

Author : Nicolas Langlitz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : SCIENCE
ISBN : 9780691204284

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Chimpanzee Culture Wars by Nicolas Langlitz Pdf

Decades later, starting in the 1980s, Japanese cultural primatology was given a second look as Euro-American primatologists began to debate amongst themselves the question of whether Homo sapiens is the only cultural animal. In the most recent chapter of this controversy, field researchers such as the Swiss primatologist Christophe Boesch have accused experimental psychologists such as Michael Tomasello of underestimating and even denying the capacity of chimpanzees for culture because they limit their studies to captive animals, brought up under cognitively debilitating conditions and tested in laboratory settings bound to favor human test subjects with whom the animals are compared. These controversies raise serious questions about what sort of laboratory culture is best for the study of primate cognition. .

Through a Window

Jane Goodall
Through a Window Book PDF

Author : Jane Goodall
Publisher : HMH
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-04-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780547488387

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Through a Window by Jane Goodall Pdf

The renowned British primatologist continues the “engrossing account” of her time among the chimpanzees of Gombe, Tanzania (Publishers Weekly). In her classic, In the Shadow of Man, Jane Goodall wrote of her first ten years at Gombe. In Through a Window she continues the story, painting a more complete and vivid portrait of our closest relatives. On the shores of Lake Tanganyika, Gombe is a community where the principal residents are chimpanzees. Through Goodall’s eyes we watch young Figan’s relentless rise to power and old Mike’s crushing defeat. We learn how one mother rears her children to succeed and another dooms hers to failure. We witness horrifying murders, touching moments of affection, joyous births, and wrenching deaths. As Goodall compellingly tells the story of this intimately intertwined community, we are shown human emotions stripped to their essence. In the mirror of chimpanzee life, we see ourselves reflected. “A humbling and exalting book . . . Ranks with the great scientific achievements of the twentieth century.” —The Washington Post “[An] absolutely smashing account . . . Thrilling, affectionate, intelligent—a classic.” —Kirkus Reviews, starred review

The Origins of AIDS

Jacques Pépin
The Origins of AIDS Book PDF

Author : Jacques Pépin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108487498

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The Origins of AIDS by Jacques Pépin Pdf

An updated edition of Jacques Pépin's acclaimed account of the events that transformed a chimpanzee virus into a global pandemic.

The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest

Christophe Boesch,Roman Wittig,Catherine Crockford,Linda Vigilant,Tobias Deschner,Fabian Leendertz
The Chimpanzees of the Ta Forest Book PDF

Author : Christophe Boesch,Roman Wittig,Catherine Crockford,Linda Vigilant,Tobias Deschner,Fabian Leendertz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108481557

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The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest by Christophe Boesch,Roman Wittig,Catherine Crockford,Linda Vigilant,Tobias Deschner,Fabian Leendertz Pdf

An engaging account of the research and key findings on Taï chimpanzees to celebrate the 40th anniversary of this project.

Demonic Males

Richard W. Wrangham,Dale Peterson
Demonic Males Book PDF

Author : Richard W. Wrangham,Dale Peterson
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0395877431

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Demonic Males by Richard W. Wrangham,Dale Peterson Pdf

Whatever their virtues, men are more violent than women. Why do men kill, rape, and wage war, and what can be done about it? Drawing on the latest discoveries about human evolution and about our closest living relatives, the great apes, "Demonic Males" offers some startling new answers to these questions.

Creatures of Cain

Erika Lorraine Milam
Creatures of Cain Book PDF

Author : Erika Lorraine Milam
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691210438

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Creatures of Cain by Erika Lorraine Milam Pdf

How Cold War America came to attribute human evolutionary success to our species' unique capacity for murder After World War II, the question of how to define a universal human nature took on new urgency. Creatures of Cain charts the rise and precipitous fall in Cold War America of a theory that attributed man’s evolutionary success to his unique capacity for murder. Drawing on a wealth of archival materials and in-depth interviews, Erika Lorraine Milam reveals how the scientists who advanced this “killer ape” theory capitalized on an expanding postwar market in intellectual paperbacks and widespread faith in the power of science to solve humanity’s problems, even to answer the most fundamental questions of human identity. The killer ape theory spread quickly from colloquial science publications to late-night television, classrooms, political debates, and Hollywood films. Behind the scenes, however, scientists were sharply divided, their disagreements centering squarely on questions of race and gender. Then, in the 1970s, the theory unraveled altogether when primatologists discovered that chimpanzees also kill members of their own species. While the discovery brought an end to definitions of human exceptionalism delineated by violence, Milam shows how some evolutionists began to argue for a shared chimpanzee-human history of aggression even as other scientists discredited such theories as sloppy popularizations. A wide-ranging account of a compelling episode in American science, Creatures of Cain argues that the legacy of the killer ape persists today in the conviction that science can resolve the essential dilemmas of human nature.

Peacemaking among Primates

Frans B. M. DE WAAL,F. B. M. de Waal
Peacemaking among Primates Book PDF

Author : Frans B. M. DE WAAL,F. B. M. de Waal
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780674033085

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Peacemaking among Primates by Frans B. M. DE WAAL,F. B. M. de Waal Pdf

Examines how simians cope with aggression, and how they make peace after fights.

Eating Apes

Dale Peterson
Eating Apes Book PDF

Author : Dale Peterson
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2004-09-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520243323

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Eating Apes by Dale Peterson Pdf

Annotation As Jane Goodall never fails to mention, "bush meat is the greatest conservation crisis in my lifetime." This book documents in text and photographs how wild animals in the Congo Basin, particularly the Great Apes but also chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas, are slaughtered and used for human consumption.

Why Chimpanzees Can't Learn Language and Only Humans Can

Herbert S. Terrace
Why Chimpanzees Can t Learn Language and Only Humans Can Book PDF

Author : Herbert S. Terrace
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780231550017

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Why Chimpanzees Can't Learn Language and Only Humans Can by Herbert S. Terrace Pdf

In the 1970s, the behavioral psychologist Herbert S. Terrace led a remarkable experiment to see if a chimpanzee could be taught to use language. A young ape, named “Nim Chimpsky” in a nod to the linguist whose theories Terrace challenged, was raised by a family in New York and instructed in American Sign Language. Initially, Terrace thought that Nim could create sentences but later discovered that Nim’s teachers inadvertently cued his signing. Terrace concluded that Project Nim failed—not because Nim couldn’t create sentences but because he couldn’t even learn words. Language is a uniquely human quality, and attempting to find it in animals is wishful thinking at best. The failure of Project Nim meant we were no closer to understanding where language comes from. In this book, Terrace revisits Project Nim to offer a novel view of the origins of human language. In contrast to both Noam Chomsky and his critics, Terrace contends that words, as much as grammar, are the cornerstones of language. Retracing human evolution and developmental psychology, he shows that nonverbal interaction is the foundation of infant language acquisition, leading up to a child’s first words. By placing words and conversation before grammar, we can, for the first time, account for the evolutionary basis of language. Terrace argues that this theory explains Nim’s inability to acquire words and, more broadly, the differences between human and animal communication. Why Chimpanzees Can’t Learn Language and Only Humans Can is a masterful statement of the nature of language and what it means to be human.

The Goodness Paradox

Richard W. Wrangham
The Goodness Paradox Book PDF

Author : Richard W. Wrangham
Publisher : Pantheon
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781101870907

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The Goodness Paradox by Richard W. Wrangham Pdf

"Highly accessible, authoritative, and intellectually provocative, a startlingly original theory of how Homo sapiens came to be: Richard Wrangham forcefully argues that, a quarter of a million years ago, rising intelligence among our ancestors led to a unique new ability with unexpected consequences: our ancestors invented socially sanctioned capital punishment, facilitating domestication, increased cooperation, the accumulation of culture, and ultimately the rise of civilization itself. Throughout history even as quotidian life has exhibited calm and tolerance[,] war has never been far away, and even within societies violence can be a threat. The Goodness Paradox gives a new and powerful argument for how and why this uncanny combination of peacefulness and violence crystallized after our ancestors acquired language in Africa a quarter of a million years ago. Words allowed the sharing of intentions that enabled men effectively to coordinate their actions. Verbal conspiracies paved the way for planned conflicts and, most importantly, for the uniquely human act of capital punishment. The victims of capital punishment tended to be aggressive men, and as their genes waned, our ancestors became tamer. This ancient form of systemic violence was critical, not only encouraging cooperation in peace and war and in culture, but also for making us who we are: Homo sapiens"--

Race, Monogamy, and Other Lies They Told You, Second Edition

Agustín Fuentes
Race Monogamy and Other Lies They Told You Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Agustín Fuentes
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520976818

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Race, Monogamy, and Other Lies They Told You, Second Edition by Agustín Fuentes Pdf

A compelling takedown of prevailing myths about human behavior, updated and expanded to meet the current moment. There are three major myths of human nature: humans are divided into biological races; humans are naturally aggressive; and men and women are wholly different in behavior, desires, and wiring. Race, Monogamy, and Other Lies They Told You counters these pervasive and pernicious myths about human behavior. Agustín Fuentes tackles misconceptions about what race, aggression, and sex really mean for humans, and incorporates an accessible understanding of culture, genetics, and evolution that requires us to dispose of notions of "nature or nurture." Presenting scientific evidence from diverse fields, including anthropology, biology, and psychology, Fuentes devises a myth-busting toolkit to dismantle persistent fallacies about the validity of biological races, the innateness of aggression and violence, and the nature of monogamy, sex, and gender. This revised and expanded edition provides up-to-date references, data, and analyses, and addresses new topics, including the popularity of home DNA testing kits and the lies behind ‘"incel" culture; the resurgence of racist, nativist thinking and the internet's influence in promoting bad science; and a broader understanding of the diversity of sex and gender.

The Chimps of Fauna Sanctuary

Andrew Westoll
The Chimps of Fauna Sanctuary Book PDF

Author : Andrew Westoll
Publisher : HMH
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-05-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780547549200

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The Chimps of Fauna Sanctuary by Andrew Westoll Pdf

The “moving” true story of a woman fighting to give a group of chimpanzees a second chance at life (People). In 1997, Gloria Grow started a sanctuary for chimps retired from biomedical research on her farm outside Montreal. For the indomitable Gloria, caring for thirteen great apes is like presiding over a maximum-security prison, a Zen sanctuary, an old folks’ home, and a New York deli during the lunchtime rush all rolled into one. But she is first and foremost creating a refuge for her troubled charges, a place where they can recover and begin to trust humans again. Hoping to win some of this trust, journalist Andrew Westoll spent months at Fauna Farm as a volunteer, and in this “incisive [and] affecting” book, he vividly recounts his time in the chimp house and the histories of its residents (Kirkus Reviews). He arrives with dreams of striking up an immediate friendship with the legendary Tom, the wise face of the Great Ape Protection Act, but Tom seems all too content to ignore him. Gradually, though, old man Tommie and the rest of the “troop” begin to warm toward Westoll as he learns the routines of life at the farm and realizes just how far the chimps have come. Seemingly simple things like grooming, establishing friendships and alliances, and playing games with the garden hose are all poignant testament to the capacity of these animals to heal. Brimming with empathy and entertaining stories of Gloria and her charges, The Chimps of Fauna Sanctuary is an absorbing, bighearted book that grapples with questions of just what we owe to the animals who are our nearest genetic relations. “A powerful look at how we treat our closest relatives.” —The Plain Dealer “I knew the prison-like conditions of the medical research facility from which Gloria rescued these chimpanzees; when I visited them at their new sanctuary I was moved to tears. . . . Andrew Westoll is a born storyteller: The Chimps of Fauna Sanctuary, written with empathy and skill, tenderness and humour, involves us in a world few understand. And leaves us marveling at the ways in which chimpanzees are so like us, and why they deserve our help and are entitled to our respect.” —Dr. Jane Goodall “This book will make you think deeply about our relationship with great apes. It amazed me to discover the behaviors and feelings of the chimpanzees.” —Temple Grandin, author of Animals in Translation

The Third Chimpanzee

Jared M. Diamond
The Third Chimpanzee Book PDF

Author : Jared M. Diamond
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780060845506

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The Third Chimpanzee by Jared M. Diamond Pdf

The Development of an Extraordinary Species We human beings share 98 percent of our genes with chimpanzees. Yet humans are the dominant species on the planet -- having founded civilizations and religions, developed intricate and diverse forms of communication, learned science, built cities, and created breathtaking works of art -- while chimps remain animals concerned primarily with the basic necessities of survival. What is it about that two percent difference in DNA that has created such a divergence between evolutionary cousins? In this fascinating, provocative, passionate, funny, endlessly entertaining work, renowned Pulitzer Prize–winning author and scientist Jared Diamond explores how the extraordinary human animal, in a remarkably short time, developed the capacity to rule the world . . . and the means to irrevocably destroy it.

Moral Origins

Christopher Boehm
Moral Origins Book PDF

Author : Christopher Boehm
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780465029198

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Moral Origins by Christopher Boehm Pdf

From the age of Darwin to the present day, biologists have been grappling with the origins of our moral sense. Why, if the human instinct to survive and reproduce is "selfish," do people engage in self-sacrifice, and even develop ideas like virtue and shame to justify that altruism? Many theories have been put forth, some emphasizing the role of nepotism, others emphasizing the advantages of reciprocation or group selection effects. But evolutionary anthropologist Christopher Boehm finds existing explanations lacking, and in Moral Origins, he offers an elegant new theory. Tracing the development of altruism and group social control over 6 million years, Boehm argues that our moral sense is a sophisticated defense mechanism that enables individuals to survive and thrive in groups. One of the biggest risks of group living is the possibility of being punished for our misdeeds by those around us. Bullies, thieves, free-riders, and especially psychopaths -- those who make it difficult for others to go about their lives -- are the most likely to suffer this fate. Getting by requires getting along, and this social type of selection, Boehm shows, singles out altruists for survival. This selection pressure has been unique in shaping human nature, and it bred the first stirrings of conscience in the human species. Ultimately, it led to the fully developed sense of virtue and shame that we know today.A groundbreaking exploration of the evolution of human generosity and cooperation, Moral Origins offers profound insight into humanity's moral past -- and how it might shape our moral future.