China Latin America Military Engagement

Author : Robert Evan Ellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UCSD:31822038895736

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China-Latin America Military Engagement by Robert Evan Ellis Pdf

This monograph examines Chinese military engagement with Latin America in five areas (1) meetings between senior military officials, (2) lower-level military-to-military interactions, (3) military sales, (4) military-relevant commercial interactions, and (5) Chinese physical presence within Latin America with military-strategic implications. It finds that the level of PRC military engagement with the region is higher than is generally recognized, and has expanded in important ways in recent years: High-level trips by Latin American defense and security personnel to the PRC and visits by their Chinese counterparts have become commonplace. The volume and sophistication of Chinese arms sold to the region has increased. Officer exchange programs, institutional visits, and other lower-level ties have also expanded. Chinese military personnel have begun participating in operations in the region in a modest, yet symbolically important manner. The monograph also argues that, in the short term, PRC military engagement with Latin America does not focus on establishing alliances or base access to the United States, but rather, supporting objectives of national development and regime survival, such as building understanding and political leverage among important commercial partners, creating the tools to protect PRC interests in countries where it does business, and selling Chinese products and moving up the value added chain in strategically important sectors. It concludes that Chinese military engagement may both contribute to legitimate regional security needs, and foster misunderstanding. It argues that the U.S. should work for greater transparency with The PRC with regard to those activities, as well as to analyze how the Chinese presence will impact the calculation of the region¿s actors in the context of specific future scenarios.

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1466320117

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China-Latin America Military Engagement by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

The reemergence of China on the global stage is arguably one of the most important phenomena of our time. With its sustained high rates of economic growth, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has dra¬matically increased trade and investment flows with the rest of the world, including regions such as Latin America, with which it historically has had very little interaction. In many of these countries, the PRC has gone from having an almost negligible economic pres¬ence to replacing the United States as the number one or number two trading partner. Moreover, particular¬ly since the end of the global financial crisis, Chinese companies, in coordination with the Chinese govern-ment and banks, have begun to make multibillion dol¬lar loans and investments in Latin America, creating a rapidly expanding presence of Chinese companies and workers in the region in such sectors as construc¬tion, logistics, manufacturing, telecommunications, and retail. In terms of "soft power," the PRC has argu¬ably captured the imaginations of Latin American po¬litical leaders, businessmen, and students as a power meriting attention and, in some cases, courtship. While a great deal of attention has been given to Chinese commercial activity in Latin America, very little has been written in the open press regarding Chi¬nese military engagement with the region. While vis¬its by senior military leaders and major arms sales are reported in the Latin American press, there has been, to date, almost no detailed, comparative analysis of the PRC-Latin America military relationship. This is particularly striking, given the emphasis placed on military relationships in determining whether Chi¬nese engagement with the region constitutes a threat to U.S. national security interests. Dr. Evan Ellis of the Center for Hemispheric De¬fense Studies fills an important void in the burgeon¬ing literature regarding China's activities with Latin America. This monograph provides a detailed, re¬gion-wide analysis of PRC military engagement with Latin America, including not only arms sales, but also senior-level military visits, personnel exchanges, and activities of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in the region, ranging from its 6-year participation in the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping forces in Haiti, to its November 2010 humanitarian exercise in Peru, An¬gel de la Paz. The work leverages the extensive Spanish and English-language primary research by Dr. Ellis in the open source literature of the region, as well as off-the-record interviews with current and former Latin American military officers who have directly partici¬pated in the activities treated. Dr. Ellis explains that Chinese military activity in Latin America is far more extensive than is commonly recognized. At the same time, it also goes against con¬ventional wisdom by arguing that, in the short term, such activity does not seek to achieve formal alliances or a permanent military presence in the region, but rather to advance commercial and political objectives to include increasing China's understanding of, and influence within, Latin American governments. While the arguments of Dr. Ellis may be surprising to some, the monograph will undoubtedly serve as an important reference point for scholars from multiple perspectives: those following the rise of China, those studying Latin American security issues, students of international relations, and students of U.S. national security, among others. In the course of these expanding interactions, the PRC has emphasized the "peaceful nature" of its in¬teractions, which have profound implications not only for the world's economy, but for its security environ¬ment as well. The growth of China has played out dif¬ferently in each region.

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1297047672

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China-Latin America Military Engagement by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-05-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1477423052

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China-latin America Military Engagement by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

The reemergence of China on the global stage is arguably one of the most important phenomena of our time. With its sustained high rates of economic growth, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has dramatically increased trade and investment flows with the rest of the world, including regions such as Latin America, with which it historically has had very little interaction. In many of these countries, the PRC has gone from having an almost negligible economic presence to replacing the United States as the number one or number two trading partner. Moreover, particularly since the end of the global financial crisis, Chinese companies, in coordination with the Chinese government and banks, have begun to make multibillion dollar loans and investments in Latin America, creating a rapidly expanding presence of Chinese companies and workers in the region in such sectors as construction, logistics, manufacturing, telecommunications, and retail. In terms of "soft power," the PRC has arguably captured the imaginations of Latin American political leaders, businessmen, and students as a power meriting attention and, in some cases, courtship. While a great deal of attention has been given to Chinese commercial activity in Latin America, very little has been written in the open press regarding Chinese military engagement with the region. While visits by senior military leaders and major arms sales are reported in the Latin American press, there has been, to date, almost no detailed, comparative analysis of the PRC-Latin America military relationship. This is particularly striking, given the emphasis placed on military relationships in determining whether Chinese engagement with the region constitutes a threat to U.S. national security interests.

Author : Robert Evan Ellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : China
ISBN : UCSD:31822035580307

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U.S. National Security Implications of Chinese Involvement in Latin America by Robert Evan Ellis Pdf

In this monograph, the author argues that China?s pursuit of longterm strategic objectives is leading the country to increase its presence in Latin America, with serious national security implications for the United States. China has begun to aggressively court Latin America as its principal source of supply outside Asia. The pattern of Chinese investment in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile suggests that the Asian giant is seeking to assure access to critical commodities by constructing vertically integrated supply networks over which it has leverage. China is purchasing interest in key Latin American suppliers such as the Canadian minerals firm Noranda, or the Argentine oil subsidiary PlusPetrol Norte. It is also building cooperative relationships with supplier governments such as the joint oil exploration and refinery construction deals signed with Venezuela and Brazil in 2004. Where necessary, China is also investing in the infrastructure of Latin American countries to help them more effectively bring their products to market.

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : China
ISBN : IND:30000139800720

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U.S. National Security Implications of Chinese Involvement in Latin America by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

Author : Robert Evan Ellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-08
Category : Reference
ISBN : 1387581279

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Indian and Chinese Engagement in Latin America and the Caribbean by Robert Evan Ellis Pdf

"This monograph comparatively examines the content and country focus of high-level diplomacy for each of the two actors, as well as the volume and patterns of trade, the activities of Indian and Chinese companies in the region, and their relationship to their respective governments in eight sectors: (1) petroleum and mining; (2) agriculture; (3) construction; (4) manufacturing and retail; (5) banking and finance; (6) logistics and port operations; (7) technology such as telecommunications, space, and high technology; and, (8) military sales and activities. This monograph finds that Indian engagement with the region is significantly less than that of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and concentrated on a more limited subset of countries and sectors. In the commercial and military sector, it finds that the efforts by the Indian government to support their companies in the region are generally more modest and less coordinated than those of the PRC. Nonetheless, despite such limitations, the nature of Indian companies and their engagement with the region create opportunities for significant advances in the future, in a manner that is relatively well received by Latin American governments and societies"--Publisher's web site.

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2022-03-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030960490

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China Engages Latin America by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

This book explores China’s engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean as a case study of its broader effort to use commercial tools and instruments of state to create a global economic order that functions to its benefit, while neutralizing challenges from institutions, states, and others that would oppose it. Unlike the common representation of the Cold War as a political-military struggle, this work uniquely examines China’s current efforts as primarily seeking to dominate global value chains, with supporting political, technological, and military components. In this regard, it both leverages and goes beyond works based on dependency theory, which has played a key role in the academic and popular discourse in the region. The book examines evidence for China’s economically-focused strategy within Latin America and the Caribbean, including the interrelationships and coordination between China’s activities in different sectors, and between commercial, political, and other dimensions in the region. It further looks at the supporting role played by a diverse range of Chinese initiatives, from China’s Belt and Road initiative, to people-to-people diplomacy, soft power, security engagement, and the PRC struggle with Taiwan for diplomatic recognition in the region, among others. The book highlights the implications for Latin America and the Caribbean, and for the U.S. whose prosperity and security is intimately tied to the region.

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Strategic Studies Institute
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : China
ISBN : 1584871989

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U.S. National Security Implications of Chinese Involvement in Latin America by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

Ultimately, this monograph argues that increasing Chinese engagement with Latin America will make the nation both a powerful competitor and a potential partner for the United States in the Western Hemisphere. On one hand, China with major investments in Latin America and dependence on its material flows is likely to be a nation interested in reducing political instability, armed groups, and criminal activity in the region-rather than fueling radical populism and insurgency. On the other hand, the United States needs to consider to what degree it is willing to accept a China that has increasing leverage in its strategic neighborhood and its major trading area. Investment and trade presence leads to growing interest in the political course of the region, and now is the time for the United States to begin to consider how to constructively engage the Chinese in the Western Hemisphere.

Author : U. S. Military,Department of Defense (DoD),Keegan Ryan,U. S. Government
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1093722762

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The Extent of Chinese Influence in Latin America - Case Studies of Chile and Mexico, Economic and Foreign Policy Changes Influenced by Domestic Agency, Growing Chinese Hegemony, Economic Compatibility by U. S. Military,Department of Defense (DoD),Keegan Ryan,U. S. Government Pdf

This thesis asks to what extent and why Chinese engagement has influenced the Latin American economic outlook and foreign policy changes in the twenty-first century and uses Chile and Mexico as case studies. The extent of Chinese engagement is established first because it is variable by country. Economic and foreign policy changes are then examined through the lens of Chinese engagement. This research found that economic and foreign policy changes were influenced by a mixture of domestic agency and growing Chinese hegemony, with Chinese engagement and influence being commensurate with the level of economic compatibility.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.I. Introduction * A. Major Research Question * B. Significance of the Research Question * C. Research Design * D. Potential Explanations and Hypotheses * 1. Hypothesis #1: The Case for Chinese hegemony * 2. Hypothesis #2: The Case for LATAM agency * E. Structure of the Research Project * F. Literature Review * * II. A Case Study of Chinese Engagement in Chile * A. Synopsis * B. Establishing the Independent Variable: The Extent of Chinese Engagement in Chile * C. Analyzing the Dependent Variable: Change Due to China * 1. Changes in the Economic Outlook * 2. Changes in the Foreign Policy * D. Agency vs. Hegemony * 1. Chinese Hegemony: Hypothesis #1 * 2. Chilean Agency: Hypothesis #2 * III. A Case Study of Chinese Engagement In Mexico * A. Synopsis * B. Establishing the Independent Variable: The Extent of Chinese Engagement in Mexico * C. Analyzing the Dependent Variable: Change Due to China * 1. Changes in the Economic Outlook * 2. Changes in the Foreign Policy * D. Agency vs. Hegemony * 1. Mexican Agency: Hypothesis #2 * 2. Chinese Hegemony: Hypothesis #1 * IV. Conclusion * A. Implications * B. Areas for Future ResearchThe 2018 National Defense Strategy asserts that "the central challenge to U.S. prosperity and security is the reemergence of long-term, strategic competition by... revisionist powers." The revisionist powers, namely China and Russia, "want to shape a world consistent with their authoritarian model--gaining veto authority over other nations' economic, diplomatic, and security decisions." With respect to China, the National Defense Strategy says that it "is leveraging military modernization, influence operations, and predatory economics to coerce neighboring countries to reorder the Indo-Pacific region to their advantage... that seeks Indo-Pacific regional hegemony in the near-term and displacement of the United States to achieve global preeminence in the future." Latin America is beyond the traditional Indo-Pacific region, but has nonetheless felt the impact of China's rise. In fact, Chinese engagement in LATAM increased substantially in the twenty-first century. With respect to the National Defense Strategy, the research question is significant because it can help identify if China's actions to alter the international order spans the entirety of the Pacific and includes revising LATAM in accordance with its authoritarian model. The research project asks to what extent and why Chinese engagement influenced the economic outlook and foreign policy of LATAM. In doing so, this research project fills a void in the academic literature which largely analyzes one particular aspect of the China-LATAM relationship, and does not adequately address the degree of Chinese influence.

Author : R. Evan Ellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1379537284

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U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF CHINESE INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA. by R. Evan Ellis Pdf

Author : Chris Alden,Álvaro Mendez
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : China
ISBN : 1786992566

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China and Latin America by Chris Alden,Álvaro Mendez Pdf

"Over the last fifteen years bilateral trade between China and Latin America has increased by a factor of over ten. In 2003 Chinese investment in the region was $29 billion, by 2012 it had reached $270 billion. Coupled with this commercial element of China-Latin America relations is a growing assertiveness in diplomatic and military affairs. Yet Beijing is showing caution in its diplomatic engagement, especially with the more left leaning countries of Venezuela and Ecuador. However, Latin America's enthusiasm in this regard has taken even the Chinese by surprise. What are we to make of these shifting dynamics? In this detailed and up-to-the-minute investigation, Chris Alden, author of the critically acclaimed China in Africa, and Alvaro Mendez, leading expert in the international relations of Latin America, look at the interests, strategies and practices of China's incoming power. What can be learned by comparing Latin America with other developing regions in which China has had significant economic ties and a growing diplomatic stake? Does Beijing's approach to Latin America really differ, as is often claimed by Chinese leaders, from its approach to Africa? And more broadly, how should we read the curious and uneven decline of both the US and Europe as actors in the region?"--

Author : David B.H. Denoon
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781479890330

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China, The United States, and the Future of Latin America by David B.H. Denoon Pdf

Provides insight into U.S. and Chinese involvement in aid, trade, direct investment and strategic ties in Latin America In recent years, China has become the largest trading partner for more than half the countries in Latin America, and demonstrated major commitments in aid and direct investment in various parts of the region. China has also made a number of strategic commitments to countries like Nicaragua, Cuba, and Venezuela which have long-standing policies opposing U.S. influence in the region. China, the United States, and the Future of Latin America posits that this activity is a direct challenge to the role of the U.S. in Latin America and the Caribbean. Part of a three-volume series analyzing U.S.-China relations in parts of the world where neither country is dominant, this volume analyzes the interactions between the U.S., China, and Latin America. The book series has so far considered the differences in operating styles between China and the U.S. in Central Asia and Southeast Asia. This third volume unpacks the implications of competing U.S. and Chinese interests in countries such as Brazil and Argentina, and China’s commitments in Nicaragua and Venezuela. This volume draws upon a variety of policy experts, focusing on the viewpoints of South American and Caribbean scholars as well as scholars from outside states. China’s new global reach and its ambitions, as well as the U.S. response, are analyzed in detail.A nuanced examination of current complexities and future implications, China, the United States and the Future of Latin America provides readers with varied perspectives on the changing economic and strategic picture in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Author : Andrew Scobell,Bonny Lin,Howard J. Shatz,Michael Johnson,Larry Hanauer,Michael S. Chase,Astrid Stuth Cevallos,Ivan W. Rasmussen,Arthur Chan,Aaron Strong,Eric Warner,Logan Ma
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780833099983

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At the Dawn of Belt and Road by Andrew Scobell,Bonny Lin,Howard J. Shatz,Michael Johnson,Larry Hanauer,Michael S. Chase,Astrid Stuth Cevallos,Ivan W. Rasmussen,Arthur Chan,Aaron Strong,Eric Warner,Logan Ma Pdf

China has always viewed itself as a vulnerable underdeveloped country. In the 1990s, it began negotiating economic agreements and creating China-centric institutions, culminating in the 2000s in numerous institutions and ultimately the Belt and Road Initiative. The authors analyze China’s political and diplomatic, economic, and military engagement with the Developing World and discuss specific countries that are most important to China.

Author : R. Evan Ellis,Strategic Studies Institute
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-17
Category : Caribbean Area
ISBN : 1690061847

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The New Russian Engagement with Latin America by R. Evan Ellis,Strategic Studies Institute Pdf

"Although overshadowed by China, Russia's re-engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean, which includes military deployments, arms sales, and the negotiation of base access agreements, impacts the regional security environment and potentially challenges U.S. national security. This monograph provides one of the first broad, in depth analyses of Russian engagement in the region, including an examination of its political and economic, as well as military activities, with an examination of implications for the U.S. and recommendation for U.S. policymakers"--Publisher's web site.