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China’s Social Insurance in the Twentieth Century by Aiqun Hu Pdf
In China’s Social Insurance in the Twentieth Century, Aiqun Hu develops a framework of “interactive diffusion of global models” in examining the history of China’s social insurance since the 1910s. The book covers both Nationalist- and Communist-controlled areas (1927-1949) and Taiwan (1949-present).
Social Security in China: On the Possibility of Equitable Distribution in the Middle Kingdom by Yanzhong Wang Pdf
This book reviews the development of China’s social security system from 1949 onwards and analyzes its features in each stage. By emphasizing the role of the social security system in regulating income distribution, it points out some problems in the current social security framework that are becoming apparent as the income gap continues to grow. It proposes various measures such as intensifying the reform of the social insurance fund, expanding old age insurance coverage, promoting health equality, and establishing a new rural medical security system that could be employed to improve the system’s equitability, sustainability, and inclusivity.
Social Security Reform by Jason Z Yin,Shuanglin Lin,David F Gates Pdf
This is the first-ever book to provide a comprehensive analysis of Chinese social security reforms with a variety of views. It addresses issues such as what kind of social security system China should establish, how this system should be managed and financed, and how the transition from the old system to the new system can best be accomplished. The authors of the papers in this book include internationally renowned Chinese and Western social security experts (such as Martin Feldstein and Henry Aaron), Chinese policy makers, and scholars who have worked on Chinese social security for years. Contents:The Choice of Old-Age Security SystemSocial Security Funds Management and Transitional IssuesHealth Care Reforms, Rural Social Security, and Social WelfareSocial Security Reform in the World: Lessons for China Readership: Economists, policy makers, undergraduate and graduate students in economics and finance. Keywords:Reviews: “… the volume is of high value to the field of Chinese social policy studies. At least two-thirds of the chapters are of high quality and are important for those who study related issues.” The China Journal
Social Security and Pension System in China by Francis Mulenga Muma Pdf
Scientific Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: Grade A, , course: Economics, language: English, abstract: Social security is a government program that provides assistance to underprivileged persons. A system corresponding to the level of economic development is a logical requirement for coordinated economic and social development of any country. Initially China’s Social Security system was very poor, even today to some extent it is still bad. China is one of the biggest country with a largest population in the world and its economy being weak at a time, its social security was not well organized, but now the economy is getting stronger and is the second largest economy in the World, second to USA. Within 20 years it is projected to take over from USA. With this development, China needs to organize itself well, as far as social security is concerned. Even though China has tried to put a comprehensive social security system in place, accessibility is still low, as some places such as the rural areas do not have most of social security programs offered to their counterparts in urban areas. Keywords: Financial Liberalization, Integrity of the Market. JEL codes: F31
Socialist Welfare in a Market Economy by Nelson W. S. Chow,Yongxin Zhou,Yuebin Xu Pdf
China has pursued an open-door policy since 1978, but despite the gradual adoption of a market economy the country still retains two essential features of socialism - an economy dominated by state-owned enterprises and an all embracing social security system which protects the majority of Chinese workers. In view of these facts, this volume examines three important questions:- Can socialist social welfare co-exist with the market economy?- Can state-owned enterprises survive in a market economy?- Has China succeeded in creating a market economy without sacrificing its socialist ideals?The authors explore these issues through the experience of Guangzhou, the most populous city in Southern China and one of the first major cities in the country to convert to a market economy. The revealing study demonstrates that compromises have been necessary to accommodate both socialist and market objectives. Continuing to support urban workers with the social security benefits has, for example, made enterprises less competitive and disparities in benefits arise as workers are allowed to supplement the minimum guaranteed income through savings in individual accounts. The key conclusion is that the social security system in China is now neither socialist nor capitalist, but is simply changing to meet the income security needs of workers who are struggling hard to adapt to the market economy.
Handbook of Welfare in China by Beatriz Carrillo,Johanna Hood,Paul Kadetz Pdf
This Handbook is a timely compilation dedicated to exploring a rare diversity of perspectives and content on the development, successes, reforms and challenges within China's contemporary welfare system. It showcases an extensive introduction and 20 original chapters by leading and emerging area specialists who explore a century of welfare provision from the Nationalist era, up to and concentrating on economic reform and marketisation (1978 to the present). Organised around five key concerns (social security and welfare; emerging issues and actors, including gender issues, NGOs, and philanthropy; gaps; and future challenges, such as population ageing and environmental pressures) chapters draw on original case-based research from diverse disciplines and perspectives, engage existing literature and further key debates. Key historical insights into welfare provision in the Chinese context serve as a starting point with the remaining chapters combining a review of the literature with original case studies. The book offers novel empirical research and includes topics often not discussed in the literature on welfare in China, including: mental health, highly educated rural-to-urban migrants, NGOs as welfare providers, China's overseas welfare aid, environmental challenges and welfare, amongst others. This comprehensive and multidisciplinary Handbook will be of immense value to researchers and scholars in the fields of China Studies, social policy, the welfare state, politics and related areas. Accessible to a non-specialist audience interested in China's welfare development and welfare states more broadly, it will also serve as a useful resource for undergraduates. Contributors Include: E. Baum, M. Blaxland, O. Bruun, B. Carrillo, J. Chen, S. Cook, X.-y. Dong, T.D. DuBois, M.W. Frazier, K.R. Fisher, R. Hasmath, T. Hesketh, J. Hood, J.Y.J. Hsu, H. Jia, E. Jeffreys, P.I. Kadetz, B. Li, Y. Li, J. Liu, S.-h. Liu, Y. Liu, A.W. MacDonald, A. Saich, X. Shang, D.J. Solinger, K. Suda, Y. Zeng, J. Zhao, Z. Zhao
One Hundred Years of Social Protection by Lutz Leisering Pdf
While the rise of social protection in the global North has been widely researched, we know little about the history of social protection in the global South. This volume investigates the experiences of four middle-income countries - Brazil, India, China and South Africa - from 1920 to 2020, analysing if, when, and how these countries articulated a concern about social issues and social cohesion. As the first in-depth study of the ideational foundations of social protection policies and programmes in these four countries, the contributions demonstrate that the social question was articulated in an increasingly inclusive way. The contributions identify the ideas, beliefs, and visions that underpinned the movement towards inclusion and social peace as well as counteracting doctrines. Drawing on perspectives from the sociology of knowledge, grounded theory, historiography, discourse analysis, and process tracing, the volume will be of interest to scholars across political science, sociology, political economy, history, area studies, and global studies, as well as development experts and policymakers.
Emphasizing reference works published since 1964, these volumes cover books, periodicals, and inclusions (i.e., chapters in edited volumes) on the 1911 Revolution, the Republic of China (1949--), post-1911 Taiwan, post-1911 Hong Kong and Macao, and post-1911 overseas Chinese.
An examination of the shifts in politics and revolution in China over the last century What must China do to become truly democratic and equitable? This question animates most progressive debates about this potential superpower, and in China’s Twentieth Century the country’s leading critic, Wang Hui, turns to the past for an answer. Beginning with the birth of modern politics in the 1911 revolution, Wang tracks the initial flourishing of political life, its blossoming in the radical sixties, and its decline in China’s more recent liberalization, to arrive at the crossroads of the present day. Examining the emergence of new class divisions between ethnic groups in the context of Tibet and Xinjiang, alongside the resurgence of neoliberalism through the lens of the Chongqing Incident, Wang Hui argues for a revival of social democracy as the only just path for China’s future.
Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 3) by Jean-Michel Lafleur,Daniela Vintila Pdf
This third and last open access volume in the series takes the perspective of non-EU countries on immigrant social protection. By focusing on 12 of the largest sending countries to the EU, the book tackles the issue of the multiple areas of sending state intervention towards migrant populations. Two “mirroring” chapters are dedicated to each of the 12 non-EU states analysed (Argentina, China, Ecuador, India, Lebanon, Morocco, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey). One chapter focuses on access to social benefits across five core policy areas (health care, unemployment, old-age pensions, family benefits, guaranteed minimum resources) by discussing the social protection policies that non-EU countries offer to national residents, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. The second chapter examines the role of key actors (consulates, diaspora institutions and home country ministries and agencies) through which non-EU sending countries respond to the needs of nationals abroad. The volume additionally includes two chapters focusing on the peculiar case of the United Kingdom after the Brexit referendum. Overall, this volume contributes to ongoing debates on migration and the welfare state in Europe by showing how non-EU sending states continue to play a role in third country nationals’ ability to deal with social risks. As such this book is a valuable read to researchers, policy makers, government employees and NGO’s.
Historical Perspectives on Chinese Economics (1949–2011) by Zhuoyuan Zhang Pdf
The book summarizes the 60 year development of economic theories, explaining in detail the features and development of economic theories from 1949 to 1976 and in the reform and opening-up period. The author has made a systematic theoretical analysis on the economic situation from two different stages — before and after China's reform and opening-up, which put forward many unconventional point of view, and it has contributed visionary ideas for the research on China's economy. It provide the readers with a general understanding of the economic trend and development of contemporary China, with many pertinent answer to the practical and concrete problems about China's economy.
Inequality, Social Protection and Social Justice by James Midgley Pdf
This thought-provoking book examines the role of social protection in reducing inequality and enhancing social justice. It assesses social protection’s impact on inequality in different parts of the world and shows that if carefully designed, adequately funded and effectively implemented, it can make a significant contribution to reducing income, gender and other forms of inequality. In this way, it can promote egalitarian ideals and enhance social justice.
Towards a Society with Social Protection for All by Hong Zhou,Jun Zhang Pdf
This book systematically reviews the development of social policy since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. As such, it begins by investigating the establishment of the Insurance System in the early period, then moves on to the planned economy period, the Cultural Revolution period, and the Reform and Opening Up period, characterized by efforts to adapt to a market economy. For each period, the book examines the effect of the economic system, the mode of production and forms of employment for social policy design, so as to clarify the developing context of Chinese social policy, and to help readers grasp the legal aspects of social policy development and the main problems China faces in its present economic developmental stage.
Women’s Rights to Social Security and Social Protection by Beth Goldblatt,Lucie Lamarche Pdf
This collection examines the human rights to social security and social protection from a women's rights perspective. The contributors stress the need to address women's poverty and exclusion within a human rights framework that takes account of gender. The chapters unpack the rights to social security and protection and their relationship to human rights principles such as gender equality, participation and dignity. Alongside conceptual insights across the field of women's social security rights, the collection analyses recent developments in international law and in a range of national settings. It considers the ILO's Social Protection Floors Recommendation and the work of UN treaty bodies. It explores the different approaches to expansion of social protection in developing countries (China, Chile and Bolivia). It also discusses conditionality in cash transfer programmes, a central debate in social policy and development, through a gender lens. Contributors consider the position of poor women, particularly single mothers, in developed countries (Australia, Canada, the United States, Ireland and Spain) facing the damaging consequences of welfare cuts. The collection engages with shifts in global discourse on the role of social policy and the way in which ideas of crisis and austerity have been used to undermine rights with harsh impacts on women.
Food and War in Mid-Twentieth-Century East Asia by Katarzyna J. Cwiertka Pdf
War has been both an agent of destruction and a catalyst for innovation. These two, at first sight contradictory, yet mutually constitutive outcomes of war-waging are particularly pronounced in twentieth-century Asia. While 1945 marked the beginning of peaceful recovery for Europe, military conflicts continued to play a critical role in the historical development of this part of the world. In essence, all wars in twentieth-century Asia stemmed from the political vacuum that developed after the fall of the Japanese Wartime Empire, intricately connecting one region with another. Yet, they have had often very diverse consequences, shattering the homes of some and bringing about affluence to others. Disarray of war may halt economic activities and render many aspects of life insignificant. The need for food, however, cannot be ignored and the social action that it requires continues in all circumstances. This book documents the effects of war on the lives of ordinary people through the investigation of a variety of connections that developed between war-waging and the production, distribution, preparation and consumption of food throughout Asia since the 1930s. The topics addressed range from issues at stake at the time of the conflicts, such as provisioning the troops and food rationing and food relief for civilians, to long-term, often surprising consequences of war waging and wartime mobilization of resources on the food systems, diets, and tastes of the societies involved. The main argument of this volume is that war has not been a mere disruption, but rather a central force in the social and cultural trajectories of twentieth-century Asia. Due to its close connection with human nourishment and comfort, food stands central in the life of the individual. On the other hand, owing to its connection with profit and power, food plays a critical role in the social and economic organization of a society. What happens to food and eating is, therefore, an important index of change, a privileged basis for the exploration of historical processes.