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Author : Persia Campbell
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1969-12-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015005876779
Author : Perisa Campbell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136261596
First Published in 1971. This volume is a study of the Chinese Coolie emigration to the countries within the British Empire, with facts gathered from reports, blue-books, speeches and articles. This research looks at the way Chinese indentured people were brought to countries in succession of other labouring systems that had stopped or were in short supply.
Author : Persia Crawford Campbell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : China
ISBN : OCLC:799496137
Author : Russell Herman Conwell
Publisher : University of Michigan Library
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1871
Category : History
ISBN : BL:A0026203690
by Russell H. Conwell ...; with ill. by Hammatt Billings.
Author : Elliott Young
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781469613406
In this sweeping work, Elliott Young traces the pivotal century of Chinese migration to the Americas, beginning with the 1840s at the start of the "coolie" trade and ending during World War II. The Chinese came as laborers, streaming across borders legally and illegally and working jobs few others wanted, from constructing railroads in California to harvesting sugar cane in Cuba. Though nations were built in part from their labor, Young argues that they were the first group of migrants to bear the stigma of being "alien." Being neither black nor white and existing outside of the nineteenth century Western norms of sexuality and gender, the Chinese were viewed as permanent outsiders, culturally and legally. It was their presence that hastened the creation of immigration bureaucracies charged with capture, imprisonment, and deportation. This book is the first transnational history of Chinese migration to the Americas. By focusing on the fluidity and complexity of border crossings throughout the Western Hemisphere, Young shows us how Chinese migrants constructed alternative communities and identities through these transnational pathways.
Author : China. Tsung li ko kuo shih wu ya men
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : China
ISBN : UOM:39015010822339
Author : Philip A. Kuhn
Publisher : NUS Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : China
ISBN : 997169414X
Author : Sing-wu Wang
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Australia
ISBN : STANFORD:36105037039604
Author : Kil Young Zo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Social Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105038693474
Author : Arnold J. Meagher
Publisher : Arnold J Meagher
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015077615592
The Coolie Trade The phenomenon of indentured labor, which followed upon the abolition of slavery, spread throughout the Western world in the latter two-thirds of the nineteenth century, appearing in such far-flung places as Mauritius, South Africa, Latin America, Australia, Malaya, and the Fiji Islands. Indentured labor, i.e., labor contracted under penal sanctions, was essentially a compulsory system of labor, which in practice differed little from slavery. Unlike slaves, indentured workers were supposed to receive a monthly wage, and their term of service, at least in principle, was for a fixed period of from five to eight years; but these provisions were not always adhered to, and in all other respects, indentured workers were no better off than the slaves they replaced. The widespread appearance of indentured labor is not adequately accounted for by either of the two major schools of thought in the controversy over the downfall of slavery. If the primary motivations for the abolition of slavery were humanitarian, then why did humanitarians look the other way when slave owners resorted to another form of forced labor in the system of indenture? If, on the other hand, the abolition of slavery was an economic consequence of the rise of industrialism and capitalism, as Eric Williams in his Capitalism and Slavery would have us believe, then why did the same factors, which rejected forced African labor, so easily accept forced Chinese and Indian labor? Did the principles of humanitarianism not also extend to the peoples of Asia? Or did some latent racism preclude "Asiatics" (as Chinese and Indians were called), or at least preclude them from being defended with the same vigor as Africans? Or, lulled into a false sense of security and accomplishment, were humanitarians taken in by the trappings of indenture the written contract, the monthly wage, and the limitation on the period of service? The latter could be an out for the humanitarian interpretation of the abolition movement, but what of the economic determinism of the Williams school? Indenture's camouflage might possibly have fooled the humanitarians, but the same could not be said of the economic forces of determinism. Perhaps the economic factors, like the humanitarian principles, did not have universal validity, but only applied to African slavery? The question must then be raised that perhaps indentured labor was an economically viable alternative both to slave and wage labor, at least in some areas of the world? And as such, was indenture a conscious hardnosed compromise between the proponents of slavery and the abolitionists? Else, how explain the fact that England, who led the fight against slavery and whose statesmen condemned slavery as the very antithesis of progress, also led the way in sanctioning indentured labor? It is the purpose of this work to present a comprehensive study of Chinese indentured labor in Latin America. In an attempt to place the coming of over 250,000 Chinese indentured laborers to the Caribbean and South America from 1847 to 1874 in some kind of historical perspective, this study traces the gradual rise and acceptance of the indentured system of labor in the Western world following upon the abolition of the slave trade and the emancipation of the slaves. Conditions both in China and in Latin America, which triggered and sustained a flow of Chinese labor for over a quarter of a century, are examined. The transoceanic passages of the Chinese laborers is chronicled. Finally, the experience of Chinese indentured labor in the Caribbean and South America is explored. This work relies heavily upon (1) the correspondence of consuls and diplomats on the China coast and in Latin America contained in the archives of the British Public Record Office and in the British Parliamentary Papers; (2) the China coast newspapers of the nineteenth century, both English and Portuguese, including the official weekly publications of the Hong Kong and M
Author : Persia Crawford Campbell
Publisher : Legare Street Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2022-10-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1018173552
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author : Qinghuang Yan
Publisher : Singapore University Press
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015029097089
This pioneering work in the field of Overseas Chinese Studies provides a clear and coherent picture of China's overseas Chinese policy during the last years of the Ch'ing dynasty.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : China
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004650995
Author : Chinese American Society
Publisher : Javvin Technologies Inc.
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 9781602670280
This book is a collection of historical documents related to immigration of the Chinese to the United States. Special efforts were made to collect documents related to the Chinese Exclusion Act and its impact on the Chinese American society in the United Sates. This book details the Chinese American political struggles and social conditions in California and America. The painful history of misoneism, racism, and inequality are well documented. It all began during California's infancy, the 1850s Gold Rush, which Chinese natives referred to as Gam Saan (Cantonese, for Gold Mountain). These prevailing attitudes expressed misunderstanding and fear towards the Chinese community. And though these prejudices were acknowledged through the rescission of racist laws, an apology was never issued until 2009.
Author : George Frederick Seward
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1881
Category : China
ISBN : UCLA:31158011178281
