Chinese Walled Cities 221 Bc Ad 1644

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Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644

Stephen Turnbull
Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC AD 1644 Book PDF

Author : Stephen Turnbull
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782005056

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Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 by Stephen Turnbull Pdf

It has been said in China that a city without a wall would be as inconceivable as a house without a roof. Even the smallest village invariably had some form of defensive wall, while the Great Wall of China was an attempt to build a barrier along the most vulnerable border of the entire country. Yet the finest examples of walled communities were China's walled cities, whose defensive architecture surpassed anything along the Great Wall. This book traces the evolution of the walled city from the 3,000 year old remains of the beaten earth walls of the Shang dynasty to the huge stone fortifications of the Ming dynasty. Stephen Turnbull, expert military historian, reveals the defensive structures from all the major ancient Chinese cities, and discusses how they protected entire communities, and not just castle dwellers, with colour artwork reconstructions, maps and archive photographs.

Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644

Stephen Turnbull
Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC AD 1644 Book PDF

Author : Stephen Turnbull
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781846038921

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Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC– AD 1644 by Stephen Turnbull Pdf

It has been said in China that a city without a wall would be as inconceivable as a house without a roof. Even the smallest village invariably had some form of defensive wall, while the Great Wall of China was an attempt to build a barrier along the most vulnerable border of the entire country. Yet the finest examples of walled communities were China's walled cities, whose defensive architecture surpassed anything along the Great Wall. This book traces the evolution of the walled city from the 3,000 year old remains of the beaten earth walls of the Shang dynasty to the huge stone fortifications of the Ming dynasty. Stephen Turnbull, expert military historian, reveals the defensive structures from all the major ancient Chinese cities, and discusses how they protected entire communities, and not just castle dwellers, with colour artwork reconstructions, maps and archive photographs.

The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644

Stephen Turnbull
The Great Wall of China 221 BC AD 1644 Book PDF

Author : Stephen Turnbull
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849080569

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The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 by Stephen Turnbull Pdf

The most famous example of fortification in the world, the Great Wall of China stretches for more than 6,000km across inhospitable terrain. Charting its development from its earliest origins in the 7th century BC through to the present day, this account reveals the true history of the wall, and explores the myths that surround it. Included are details of what it was like to live within the wall, how it was garrisoned and patrolled, and a discussion of how effective it was against attack. Through extensive examination of both ancient and modern sources, colour maps, artwork and photographs, this book illustrates why the wall is one of the great wonders of the world.

The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644

Stephen Turnbull
The Great Wall of China 221 BC AD 1644 Book PDF

Author : Stephen Turnbull
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782005162

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The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 by Stephen Turnbull Pdf

The most famous example of fortification in the world, the Great Wall of China stretches for more than 6,000km across inhospitable terrain. Charting its development from its earliest origins in the 7th century BC through to the present day, this account reveals the true history of the wall, and explores the myths that surround it. Included are details of what it was like to live within the wall, how it was garrisoned and patrolled, and a discussion of how effective it was against attack. Through extensive examination of both ancient and modern sources, colour maps, artwork and photographs, this book illustrates why the wall is one of the great wonders of the world.

The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644

Stephen Turnbull
The Great Wall of China 221 BC AD 1644 Book PDF

Author : Stephen Turnbull
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007-01-30
Category : History
ISBN : 1846030048

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The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 by Stephen Turnbull Pdf

The Great Wall of China is the most extensive and famous example of fortification in the world. Charting its development from construction in the 7th century BC through to the present day, this account reveals the true history of the wall, and explores the myths that surround it. Stretching over 4,000 miles, the Great Wall began as a collection of defensive walls built by the northern vassal states under the Chou dynasty. With the unification of China in 221 BC the walls were interlinked and extended to fight off the invaders from the North. The wall as it is seen today is almost entirely the result of major renovations that started with the founding of the Ming Dynasty in 1368 AD and took 200 years to complete. Included are details of what it was like to live within the wall, the ideas behind the defensive systems, how it was garrisoned and patrolled, and a discussion of how effective it was against attack. Through extensive examination of both ancient and modern sources, color maps, artwork and photographs, this book illustrates why the wall is one of the great wonders of the world.

The Great Wall Of China: 221 BCE - 1644 CE

A.J.Kingston
The Great Wall Of China 221 BCE 1644 CE Book PDF

Author : A.J.Kingston
Publisher : A.J.Kingston
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : History
ISBN : 9781839383236

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The Great Wall Of China: 221 BCE - 1644 CE by A.J.Kingston Pdf

Introducing "The Great Wall of China: 221 BCE - 1644 CE", a book bundle that delves into the 2,000 years of construction of the world-renowned Great Wall of China. Book 1, "The Great Wall and the Qin Dynasty: Uniting China Through Engineering", explores the earliest construction of the Great Wall and how it played a crucial role in the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty. Discover the engineering feats and techniques that were employed to construct this awe-inspiring wall. Book 2, "The Great Wall and the Han Dynasty: Cultural Flourishing and Expansion", takes you on a journey through the Han Dynasty's reign and the impact the Great Wall had on cultural exchange, economic development, and diplomatic ties. Learn about the strategic value and limitations of the Great Wall in protecting Han borders, its role in military strategy, and how it shaped later dynasties' military and border defense policies. Book 3, "The Great Wall and the Ming Dynasty: Legacy and Preservation", explores the Ming Dynasty's innovations in Great Wall design and architecture, including its watchtowers, fortifications, and garrison system. Discover the social and economic impacts of Great Wall construction on local communities, and the Ming Great Wall's significance in repelling nomadic invasions and insurrections. Finally, learn about the challenges and strategies for preserving and conserving the Great Wall for future generations. With "The Great Wall of China: 221 BCE - 1644 CE", you'll gain a comprehensive understanding of the Great Wall's historical, cultural, and engineering significance. This book bundle is perfect for history buffs, architecture enthusiasts, and anyone interested in the rich heritage and legacy of one of the world's greatest wonders. Order now and immerse yourself in the fascinating history of the Great Wall of China!

Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571

David Nicolle
Crusader Castles in Cyprus Greece and the Aegean 1191 1571 Book PDF

Author : David Nicolle
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472803818

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Crusader Castles in Cyprus, Greece and the Aegean 1191–1571 by David Nicolle Pdf

The castles built by the Crusaders, Hospitallers, Venetians and Genoese in Cyprus, Greece, the Aegean, and on the Black Sea served to defend against a complex array of constantly changing threats: Mamluks, Catalan mercenaries, Ottoman Turks, Byzantines, independent Islamic states, Timur-i-Lenk, and widespread piracy, to name but few. The resulting fortifications some inherited from conquered the territories of the former Byzantine empire, some built from scratch were very different to those found in the Middle East. This superbly illustrated book explores their design, development and fate in detail, documenting the rich architectural heritage of this region and its complex history.

Sacred Landscapes of Imperial China

Giulio Magli
Sacred Landscapes of Imperial China Book PDF

Author : Giulio Magli
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030493240

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Sacred Landscapes of Imperial China by Giulio Magli Pdf

This book analyses the magnificent imperial necropolises of ancient China from the perspective of Archaeoastronomy, a science which takes into account the landscape in which ancient monuments are placed, focusing especially but not exclusively on the celestial aspects. The power of the Chinese emperors was based on the so-called Mandate of Heaven: the rulers were believed to act as intermediaries between the sky gods and the Earth, and consequently, the architecture of their tombs, starting from the world-famous mausoleum of the first emperor, was closely linked to the celestial cycles and to the cosmos. This relationship, however, also had to take into account various other factors and doctrines, first the Zhao-Mu doctrine in the Han period and later the various forms of Feng Shui. As a result, over the centuries, diverse sacred landscapes were constructed. Among the sites analysed in the book are the “pyramids” of Xi’an from the Han dynasty, the mountain tombs of the Tang dynasty, and the Ming and Qing imperial tombs. The book explains how considerations such as astronomical orientation and topographical orientation according to the principles of Feng Shui played a fundamental role at these sites.

Battles of Ancient China

Chris Peers
Battles of Ancient China Book PDF

Author : Chris Peers
Publisher : Pen and Sword
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781473830110

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Battles of Ancient China by Chris Peers Pdf

In the field of military history as in so many others, the Chinese have often been both admired and seen as something utterly mysterious and inscrutable. Chris Peers illuminates the evolution of the military art in China with reference to ten battles, spanning more than 2,000 years, from the Battle of Mu in 1027BC to the Fall of Chung Tu in 1215 AD. Selected both for their historical importance and for the light which they shed on weapons and tactics, the author uses these examples to discuss the many myths still current in the West about ancient Chinese warfare: for example that the Chinese were an unwarlike people, always preferring subterfuge over the use of force; or that they were essentially defensive minded, relying on works such as the Great Wall. On the other hand, a recent reaction to this dismissive attitude portrays China as technologically far in advance of the West. Battles of Ancient China shows that none of these stereotypes are accurate. Comparison with contemporary Western practice is a major theme of the book which adds a new perspective not developed in the author's previous works on the subject.

American Civil War Fortifications (3)

Ron Field
American Civil War Fortifications 3 Book PDF

Author : Ron Field
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-08-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849080675

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American Civil War Fortifications (3) by Ron Field Pdf

The Mississippi River played a decisive role in the American Civil War. The Confederate fortifications that controlled the lower Mississippi valley were put to the test in the lengthy Federal campaign of 1862-63. Vicksburg was a fortress city, known as the 'Gibraltar of the Confederacy', whose capture was seen as the key to victory in the war. This book explores the fortifications of the river valley, focusing on Vicksburg and its defences which boasted a network of forts, rifle pits and cannon embrasures surrounding the city, a well as examining the strengths and weaknesses of the fortifications when under siege. Also examined are numerous other fortified strongholds, including New Orleans, Port Hudson, New Madrid, and forts Henry and Donelson, all lavishly illustrated with full-colour artwork and cutaways.

American Civil War Fortifications (2)

Ron Field
American Civil War Fortifications 2 Book PDF

Author : Ron Field
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-08-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849080378

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American Civil War Fortifications (2) by Ron Field Pdf

The American Civil War saw a massive development in the use of field fortifications, the result of the practical application of antebellum West-Point teaching, and the deadly impact of rifled infantry weapons and artillery. Both the Federal and Confederate armies began to develop far more sophisticated systems of field fortification, and the larger field works and fortifications surrounding Washington, DC and Richmond, VA were redesigned and rebuilt several times. This volume explores the role of land and field fortifications in the eastern and overland campaigns of the Civil War between 1861 and 1865. Particular attention is devoted to the nine-month siege of Petersburg, where daily life within the redoubts, lunettes, redans, bomb-proofs, trenches and rifle pits is vividly described.

French Fortresses in North America 1535–1763

René Chartrand
French Fortresses in North America 1535 1763 Book PDF

Author : René Chartrand
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849080262

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French Fortresses in North America 1535–1763 by René Chartrand Pdf

Following the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492, European colonists brought their system of fortification to the New World in an attempt to ensure their safety and consolidate their conquests. French and British explorers came later to North America, and thus the establishment of their sizeable settlements only got under way during the 17th century. The inhabitants of New France built elaborate fortifications to protect their towns and cities. This book provides a detailed examination of the defenses of four of them: Québec, Montréal and Louisbourg in Canada, and New Orleans in Louisiana.

The Mannerheim Line 1920–39

Bair Irincheev
The Mannerheim Line 1920 39 Book PDF

Author : Bair Irincheev
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849081009

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The Mannerheim Line 1920–39 by Bair Irincheev Pdf

In the wake of the bloody civil war that followed Finland's independence from Russia in 1917, the border between the two countries was established across the Karelian Isthmus, an area long fought over by Russia, Finland and Sweden in their attempts to dominate the northern tip of Europe. Neither the Soviets nor the Finnish were comfortable with such a divide which was only 32km from the military and industrial city of Petrograd. As such, both sides began an intensive period of fortification and defensive planning. As the Winter War broke out in November 1939, the complex and heavily defended Mannerheim Line suffered intense bombardment. The armistice of 1940 saw Finland cede control of the entire Karelian Isthmus to the USSR, and a propaganda war ensued. Through an analysis of the background, and operational history of the Mannerheim Line, Bair Irincheev attempts to dispel such myths and provide an accurate assessment of its huge historical importance.

The Fortifications of Gibraltar 1068–1945

Darren Fa,Clive Finlayson
The Fortifications of Gibraltar 1068 1945 Book PDF

Author : Darren Fa,Clive Finlayson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849080514

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The Fortifications of Gibraltar 1068–1945 by Darren Fa,Clive Finlayson Pdf

Gibraltar, located at the meeting points of Europe and Africa, preserves within its fortifications a rich testament to human conflict spanning 600 years. In 1068 the ruling Spanish Muslims built a large fort there. Between 1309 and 1374 Gibraltar underwent a period of intensive building and fortification, and following the Spanish reconquest of 1462 the inhabitants carried out further works. In 1704 the latest, uninterrupted period of British rule began. The 18th century saw three sieges including the most severe, known as the Great Siege, which lasted from 1779 to 1783. During World War II the 'Rock' served as a vital stop for supply convoys and naval staging base, complete with a veritable warren of secret tunnels. This book documents Gibraltar's rich history, and charts the development of these fascinating fortifications.

The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600–1763

René Chartrand
The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600 1763 Book PDF

Author : René Chartrand
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849080743

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The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600–1763 by René Chartrand Pdf

'New France' consisted of the area colonized and ruled by France in North America. This title takes a look at the lengthy chain of forts built by the French to guard the frontier in the American northeast, including Sorel, Chambly, St Jean, Carillon (Ticonderoga), Duquesne (Pittsburgh, PA), and Vincennes. These forts were of two types: the major stone forts, and other forts made of wood and earth, all of which varied widely in style from Vauban-type elements to cabins surrounded by a stockade. Some forts, such as Chambly, looked more like medieval castles in their earliest incarnations. René Chartrand examines the different types of forts built by the French, describing the strategic vision that led to their construction, their impact upon the British colonies and the Indian nations of the interior, and the French military technology that went into their construction.