Citizen And Subject

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Citizen and Subject

Mahmood Mamdani
Citizen and Subject Book PDF

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781400889716

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Citizen and Subject by Mahmood Mamdani Pdf

In analyzing the obstacles to democratization in post- independence Africa, Mahmood Mamdani offers a bold, insightful account of colonialism's legacy--a bifurcated power that mediated racial domination through tribally organized local authorities, reproducing racial identity in citizens and ethnic identity in subjects. Many writers have understood colonial rule as either "direct" (French) or "indirect" (British), with a third variant--apartheid--as exceptional. This benign terminology, Mamdani shows, masks the fact that these were actually variants of a despotism. While direct rule denied rights to subjects on racial grounds, indirect rule incorporated them into a "customary" mode of rule, with state-appointed Native Authorities defining custom. By tapping authoritarian possibilities in culture, and by giving culture an authoritarian bent, indirect rule (decentralized despotism) set the pace for Africa; the French followed suit by changing from direct to indirect administration, while apartheid emerged relatively later. Apartheid, Mamdani shows, was actually the generic form of the colonial state in Africa. Through case studies of rural (Uganda) and urban (South Africa) resistance movements, we learn how these institutional features fragment resistance and how states tend to play off reform in one sector against repression in the other. The result is a groundbreaking reassessment of colonial rule in Africa and its enduring aftereffects. Reforming a power that institutionally enforces tension between town and country, and between ethnicities, is the key challenge for anyone interested in democratic reform in Africa.

An Analysis of Mahmood Mamdani's Citizen and Subject

Meike de Goede
An Analysis of Mahmood Mamdani s Citizen and Subject Book PDF

Author : Meike de Goede
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351350297

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An Analysis of Mahmood Mamdani's Citizen and Subject by Meike de Goede Pdf

Mahmood Mamdani’s 1996 Citizen and Subject is a powerful work of analysis that lays bare the sources of the problems that plagued, and often still plague, African governments. Analysis is one of the broadest and most fundamental critical thinking skills, and involves understanding the structure and features of arguments. Mamdani’s strong analytical skills form the basis of an original investigation of the problems faced by the independent African governments in the wake of the collapse of the colonial regimes imposed by European powers such has Great Britain and France. It had long been clear that these newly-independent governments faced many problems – corruption, the imposition of anti-democratic rule, and many basic failures of day-to-day governance. They also tended to replicate many of the racially and ethnically prejudiced structures that were part of colonial rule. Mamdani analyses the many arguments about the sources of these problems, drawing out their hidden implications and assumptions in order to clear the way for his own creative new vision of the way to overcome the obstacles to democratization in Africa. A dense and brilliant analysis of the true nature of colonialism’s legacy in Africa, Mamdani’s book remains influential to this day.

Define and Rule

Mahmood Mamdani
Define and Rule Book PDF

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780674071278

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Define and Rule by Mahmood Mamdani Pdf

Define and Rule focuses on the turn in late nineteenth-century colonial statecraft when Britain abandoned the attempt to eradicate difference between conqueror and conquered and introduced a new idea of governance, as the definition and management of difference. Mahmood Mamdani explores how lines were drawn between settler and native as distinct political identities, and between natives according to tribe. Out of that colonial experience issued a modern language of pluralism and difference. A mid-nineteenth-century crisis of empire attracted the attention of British intellectuals and led to a reconception of the colonial mission, and to reforms in India, British Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. The new politics, inspired by Sir Henry Maine, established that natives were bound by geography and custom, rather than history and law, and made this the basis of administrative practice. Maine’s theories were later translated into “native administration” in the African colonies. Mamdani takes the case of Sudan to demonstrate how colonial law established tribal identity as the basis for determining access to land and political power, and follows this law’s legacy to contemporary Darfur. He considers the intellectual and political dimensions of African movements toward decolonization by focusing on two key figures: the Nigerian historian Yusuf Bala Usman, who argued for an alternative to colonial historiography, and Tanzania’s first president, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, who realized that colonialism’s political logic was legal and administrative, not military, and could be dismantled through nonviolent reforms.

Citizen Subject

Étienne Balibar
Citizen Subject Book PDF

Author : Étienne Balibar
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780823273621

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Citizen Subject by Étienne Balibar Pdf

What can the universals of political philosophy offer to those who experience "the living paradox of an inegalitarian construction of egalitarian citizenship"? Citizen Subject is the summation of Étienne Balibar’s career-long project to think the necessary and necessarily antagonistic relation between the categories of citizen and subject. In this magnum opus, the question of modernity is framed anew with special attention to the self-enunciation of the subject (in Descartes, Locke, Rousseau, and Derrida), the constitution of the community as “we” (in Hegel, Marx, and Tolstoy), and the aporia of the judgment of self and others (in Foucualt, Freud, Kelsen, and Blanchot). After the “humanist controversy” that preoccupied twentieth-century philosophy, Citizen Subject proposes foundations for philosophical anthropology today, in terms of two contrary movements: the becoming-citizen of the subject and the becoming-subject of the citizen. The citizen-subject who is constituted in the claim to a “right to have rights” (Arendt) cannot exist without an underside that contests and defies it. He—or she, because Balibar is concerned throughout this volume with questions of sexual difference—figures not only the social relation but also the discontent or the uneasiness at the heart of this relation. The human can be instituted only if it betrays itself by upholding “anthropological differences” that impose normality and identity as conditions of belonging to the community. The violence of “civil” bourgeois universality, Balibar argues, is greater (and less legitimate, therefore less stable) than that of theological or cosmological universality. Right is thus founded on insubordination, and emancipation derives its force from otherness. Ultimately, Citizen Subject offers a revolutionary rewriting of the dialectic of universality and differences in the bourgeois epoch, revealing in the relationship between the common and the universal a political gap at the heart of the universal itself.

Citizenship, Belonging, and Political Community in Africa

Emma Hunter
Citizenship Belonging and Political Community in Africa Book PDF

Author : Emma Hunter
Publisher : Ohio University Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780821445938

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Citizenship, Belonging, and Political Community in Africa by Emma Hunter Pdf

Africa, it is often said, is suffering from a crisis of citizenship. At the heart of the contemporary debates this apparent crisis has provoked lie dynamic relations between the present and the past, between political theory and political practice, and between legal categories and lived experience. Yet studies of citizenship in Africa have often tended to foreshorten historical time and privilege the present at the expense of the deeper past. Citizenship, Belonging, and Political Community in Africa provides a critical reflection on citizenship in Africa by bringing together scholars working with very different case studies and with very different understandings of what is meant by citizenship. By bringing historians and social scientists into dialogue within the same volume, it argues that a revised reading of the past can offer powerful new perspectives on the present, in ways that might also indicate new paths for the future. The project collects the works of up-and-coming and established scholars from around the globe. Presenting case studies from such wide-ranging countries as Sudan, Mauritius, South Africa, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ethiopia, the essays delve into the many facets of citizenship and agency as they have been expressed in the colonial and postcolonial eras. In so doing, they engage in exciting ways with the watershed book in the field, Mahmood Mamdani’s Citizen and Subject. Contributors: Samantha Balaton-Chrimes, Frederick Cooper, Solomon M. Gofie, V. Adefemi Isumonah, Cherry Leonardi, John Lonsdale, Eghosa E.Osaghae, Ramola Ramtohul, Aidan Russell, Nicole Ulrich, Chris Vaughan, and Henri-Michel Yéré.

When Victims Become Killers

Mahmood Mamdani
When Victims Become Killers Book PDF

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691193830

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When Victims Become Killers by Mahmood Mamdani Pdf

An incisive look at the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide "When we captured Kigali, we thought we would face criminals in the state; instead, we faced a criminal population." So a political commissar in the Rwanda Patriotic Front reflected after the 1994 massacre of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda. Underlying his statement was the realization that, though ordered by a minority of state functionaries, the slaughter was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including judges, doctors, priests, and friends. Rejecting easy explanations of the Rwandan genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, When Victims Become Killers situates the tragedy in its proper context. Mahmood Mamdani coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutus to turn so brutally on their neighbors. In so doing, Mamdani usefully broadens understandings of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa and provides a direction for preventing similar future tragedies.

From Subject to Citizen

Sudhir Hazareesingh
From Subject to Citizen Book PDF

Author : Sudhir Hazareesingh
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400864744

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From Subject to Citizen by Sudhir Hazareesingh Pdf

From Subject to Citizen offers an original account of the Second Empire (1852-1870) as a turning point in modern French political culture: a period in which thinkers of all political persuasions combined forces to create the participatory democracy alive in France today. Here Sudhir Hazareesingh probes beyond well-known features of the Second Empire, its centralized government and authoritarianism, and reveals the political, social, and cultural advances that enabled publicists to engage an increasingly educated public on issues of political order and good citizenship. He portrays the 1860s in particular as a remarkably intellectual decade during which Bonapartists, legitimists, liberals, and republicans applied their ideologies to the pressing problem of decentralization. Ideals such as communal freedom and civic cohesion rapidly assumed concrete and lasting meaning for many French people as their country entered the age of nationalism. With the restoration of universal suffrage for men in 1851, constitutionalist political ideas and values could no longer be expressed within the narrow confines of the Parisian elite. Tracing these ideas through the books, pamphlets, articles, speeches, and memoirs of the period, Hazareesingh examines a discourse that connects the central state and local political life. In a striking reappraisal of the historical roots of current French democracy, he ultimately shows how the French constructed an ideal of citizenship that was "local in form but national in substance." Originally published in 1998. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Neither Settler nor Native

Mahmood Mamdani
Neither Settler nor Native Book PDF

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780674987326

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Neither Settler nor Native by Mahmood Mamdani Pdf

Making the radical argument that the nation-state was born of colonialism, this book calls us to rethink political violence and reimagine political community beyond majorities and minorities. In this genealogy of political modernity, Mahmood Mamdani argues that the nation-state and the colonial state created each other. In case after case around the globe—from the New World to South Africa, Israel to Germany to Sudan—the colonial state and the nation-state have been mutually constructed through the politicization of a religious or ethnic majority at the expense of an equally manufactured minority. The model emerged in North America, where genocide and internment on reservations created both a permanent native underclass and the physical and ideological spaces in which new immigrant identities crystallized as a settler nation. In Europe, this template would be used by the Nazis to address the Jewish Question, and after the fall of the Third Reich, by the Allies to redraw the boundaries of Eastern Europe’s nation-states, cleansing them of their minorities. After Nuremberg the template was used to preserve the idea of the Jews as a separate nation. By establishing Israel through the minoritization of Palestinian Arabs, Zionist settlers followed the North American example. The result has been another cycle of violence. Neither Settler nor Native offers a vision for arresting this historical process. Mamdani rejects the “criminal” solution attempted at Nuremberg, which held individual perpetrators responsible without questioning Nazism as a political project and thus the violence of the nation-state itself. Instead, political violence demands political solutions: not criminal justice for perpetrators but a rethinking of the political community for all survivors—victims, perpetrators, bystanders, beneficiaries—based on common residence and the commitment to build a common future without the permanent political identities of settler and native. Mamdani points to the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa as an unfinished project, seeking a state without a nation.

Citizenship: A Very Short Introduction

Richard Bellamy
Citizenship A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Richard Bellamy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2008-09-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192802538

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Citizenship: A Very Short Introduction by Richard Bellamy Pdf

Interest in citizenship has never been higher. But what does it mean to be a citizen in a modern, complex community? Richard Bellamy approaches the subject of citizenship from a political perspective and, in clear and accessible language, addresses the complexities behind this highly topical issue.

Saviors and Survivors

Mahmood Mamdani
Saviors and Survivors Book PDF

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : Crown
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010-05-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780307591180

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Saviors and Survivors by Mahmood Mamdani Pdf

From the author of Good Muslim, Bad Muslim comes an important book, unlike any other, that looks at the crisis in Darfur within the context of the history of Sudan and examines the world’s response to that crisis. In Saviors and Survivors, Mahmood Mamdani explains how the conflict in Darfur began as a civil war (1987—89) between nomadic and peasant tribes over fertile land in the south, triggered by a severe drought that had expanded the Sahara Desert by more than sixty miles in forty years; how British colonial officials had artificially tribalized Darfur, dividing its population into “native” and “settler” tribes and creating homelands for the former at the expense of the latter; how the war intensified in the 1990s when the Sudanese government tried unsuccessfully to address the problem by creating homelands for tribes without any. The involvement of opposition parties gave rise in 2003 to two rebel movements, leading to a brutal insurgency and a horrific counterinsurgency–but not to genocide, as the West has declared. Mamdani also explains how the Cold War exacerbated the twenty-year civil war in neighboring Chad, creating a confrontation between Libya’s Muammar al-Qaddafi (with Soviet support) and the Reagan administration (allied with France and Israel) that spilled over into Darfur and militarized the fighting. By 2003, the war involved national, regional, and global forces, including the powerful Western lobby, who now saw it as part of the War on Terror and called for a military invasion dressed up as “humanitarian intervention.” Incisive and authoritative, Saviors and Survivors will radically alter our understanding of the crisis in Darfur.

Africa Uprising

Adam Branch,Zachariah Mampilly
Africa Uprising Book PDF

Author : Adam Branch,Zachariah Mampilly
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781783600007

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Africa Uprising by Adam Branch,Zachariah Mampilly Pdf

From Egypt to South Africa, Nigeria to Ethiopia, a new force for political change is emerging across Africa: popular protest. Widespread urban uprisings by youth, the unemployed, trade unions, activists, writers, artists, and religious groups are challenging injustice and inequality. What is driving this new wave of protest? Is it the key to substantive political change? Drawing on interviews and in-depth analysis, Adam Branch and Zachariah Mampilly offer a penetrating assessment of contemporary African protests, situating the current popular activism within its historical and regional contexts.

From Subject to Citizen

Alastair Davidson
From Subject to Citizen Book PDF

Author : Alastair Davidson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1997-05-12
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0521459737

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From Subject to Citizen by Alastair Davidson Pdf

This important, theoretically sophisticated work explores the concepts of li beral democracy, citizenship and rights. Grounded in critical original research, the book examines Australia's political and legal institutions, and traces the history and future of citizenship and the state in Australia. The central theme is that making proof of belonging to the national culture a precondition of citizenship is inappropriate for a multicultural society such as Australia. This becomes an object lesson for the multicultural regional polities forming throughout the world.

Between Citizen and State

David A. Westbrook
Between Citizen and State Book PDF

Author : David A. Westbrook
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317263272

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Between Citizen and State by David A. Westbrook Pdf

Between Citizen and State is an intrepid and readable introduction to, and insightful commentary on, the role of the corporation in the modern world. Corporate actors have typical motivations, opportunities, temptations - they are characters, and their interactions follow familiar plotlines. Part I, Background, introduces the characters and their context. Part II, Internal Struggles, explains common conflicts in terms of well-known court cases. Part III, External Relations, examines relationships between the corporation, individuals, and the state.

Citizen and Subject

Meike de Goede
Citizen and Subject Book PDF

Author : Meike de Goede
Publisher : Macat Library
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Africa
ISBN : 1912128691

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Citizen and Subject by Meike de Goede Pdf

In citizen and subject, Mahmood Mamdani challenges dominant views of the crisis of postcolonial Africa. Many studies emphasize that the Problems the continent faces are home grown-the consequence of poor government, widespread corruption, and other local factors. Citizen and subject insists that the current crisis the institutional legacy of colonialism. Mamdani explains that reforms after independence have deracialized, but not democratized, the African state. Nor have they abolished the two-pronged structure of the colonial era, characterized by different systems of administration-one traditional and rural, the other urban and modern. Instead, they have simply reproduced them, tainting these institutions with the colonial legacy and making them unfit for purpose. Book jacket.

Citizen and Subject

Mahmood Mamdani
Citizen and Subject Book PDF

Author : Mahmood Mamdani
Publisher : James Currey
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Africa
ISBN : 9970020900

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Citizen and Subject by Mahmood Mamdani Pdf

This book examines the state and political conditions in contemporary Africa. It includes chapters on despotism, tribalism, rural and urban communities and peasant movements in equatorial Africa.