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Civil Society, Conflict and Violence by Regina A. List,Wolfgang Dorner Pdf
This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. This book looks at the role that civil society organizations play in dealing with conflict and violence. The authors argue that in most of the prevalent conceptualizations the conflict dimension of civil society is either downplayed or inadequately addressed. They contend that the ability to deal with conflict is at the heart of organized civil society; in the political process, one of civil society's key functions is to express and mediate between different interests, thus contributing to political decision-making. The chapters draw on detailed, empirical data from the CIVICUS Civil Society Index - a unique comparative data-set drawn from 25 countries, which has not previously been made publicly available. It examines the different ways violence has been manifested in civil societies, the meaning of violent protest and the impact of security legislation that might hinder the mediating efforts of civil society. The book offers a sophisticated comparison between conflict and post-conflict countries and an analysis of the role of civil society in conflict resolution, reconciliation and transitional justice.
Civil Society & Peacebuilding by Thania Paffenholz Pdf
Responding to the interest in the role of civil society in peace processes, this collaborative effort identifies the constructive functions of civil society in support of peacebuilding both during and in the aftermath of armed conflict.
Conflict, Citizenship and Civil Society by Partick Baert,Sokratis Koniordos,Giovanna Procacci,Carlo Ruzza Pdf
This book provides readers – students, researchers, academics, policy-makers, activists and interested non-specialists – with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary discussion, analysis and theorizing of issues pertaining to conflict, citizenship and civil society. It does so through thirteen pieces of most recent in-depth sociological research that delve on: challenges to citizenship, civil society and citizenship in early and late modernity, the reflexive imperative in transformations of civil society, social conflict challenges to social science approaches, methodology and explanatory power, gender, minorities-immigrants-refugees and the extension of citizenship, violence in modernity, the place of civil society for sociology, and postcolonialism, trauma, and civil society.
Civil Society, Peace, and Power by David Cortright,Melanie Greenberg,Laurel Stone Pdf
Civil society plays an increasingly powerful role in the global landscape, emerging as key actors in preventing and managing conflict, and building more peaceful and sustainable societies . The multiple case studies featured in this volume illustrate the growth of civil society involvement in national, regional, and international peacebuilding policy. The focus is on multi-stakeholder, systems-based approaches to peacebuilding and human security that involve diverse civil society groups (NGOs, religious organizations, media, etc.), government agencies, intergovernmental organizations, and security forces. This unique comprehensive approach encompasses diverse stakeholders seeking to understand the drivers of conflict and the possibilities for working together to build peace. The book illustrates how the involvement of civil society can result in better informed, more inclusive, more accountable government decision making, and more effective peacebuilding policies. Importantly, a number of the case studies provide a gender perspective on peacebuilding and civil society issues, voicing and giving attention to women’s perspectives without being focused only on gender issues. Further, authors from the Global South offer the perspectives of those directly immersed in ongoing struggles for justice and peace.
Civil Action and the Dynamics of Violence by Deborah Avant,Marie Berry,Erica Chenoweth,Rachel Epstein,Cullen Hendrix,Oliver Kaplan,Timothy Sisk Pdf
Many view civil wars as violent contests between armed combatants. But history shows that community groups, businesses, NGOs, local governments, and even armed groups can respond to war by engaging in civil action. Characterized by a reluctance to resort to violence and a willingness to show enough respect to engage with others, civil action can slow, delay, or prevent violent escalations. This volume explores how people in conflict environments engage in civil action, and the ways such action has affected violence dynamics in Syria, Peru, Kenya, Northern Ireland, Mexico, Bosnia, Afghanistan, Spain, and Colombia. These cases highlight the critical and often neglected role that civil action plays in conflicts around the world.
Civil Paths to Peace contains the analyses and findings of the Commonwealth Commission on Respect and Understanding, established in response to the 2005 request of Commonwealth Head of Government for the Commonwealth Secretary-General to 'explore initiatives to promote mutual understanding and respect among all faiths and communities in the Commonwealth.' This report focuses particularly on the issues of terrorism, extremism, conflict and violence, which are much in ascendancy and afflict Commonwealth countries as well as the rest of the world. It argues that cultivating respect and understanding is both important in itself and consequential in reducing violence and terrorism. It further argues that cultivated violence is generated through fomenting disrespect and fostering confrontational misunderstandings. The report looks at the mechanisms through which violence is cultivated through advocacy and recruitment, and the pre-existing inequalities, deprivations and humiliations on which those advocacies draw. These diagnoses also clear the way for methods of countering disaffection and violence. In various chapters the different connections are explored and examined to yield general policy recommendations. Accepting diversity, respecting all human beings, and understanding the richness of perspectives that people have are of great relevance for all Commonwealth countries, and for its 1.8 billion people. They are also importance for the rest of the world. The civil paths to peace are presented here for use both inside the Commonwealth and beyond its boundaries. The Commonwealth has survived and flourished, despite the hostilities associated with past colonial history, through the use of a number of far-sighted guiding principles. The Commission argues that those principles have continuing relevance today for the future of the Commonwealth--and also for the world at large.
Peace and Violence in Brazil by Marcos Alan Ferreira Pdf
This edited volume examines how the multiple manifestations of social violence in Brazil impacts the building of a peaceful society. The chapters reflect on the role of state, organized crime and civil society. They provide a unique analysis of how the Brazilian state deals with criminal violence, but also finds challenges to comply with Sustainable Development Goal 16, to interdict police violence, and to provide an efficient gun policy. The book shows the agency of civil society in a violent society, in which NGOs and communities engage in key peace formation action, including advocacy for human rights and promoting arts. The overall aim of this book is to advance the research agenda regarding the intersections between peace, public security, and violence, under the lens of peace studies. In Brazil, the challenges to peace differ markedly from areas in regular conflict.
Reducing Armed Violence with NGO Governance by Rodney Bruce Hall Pdf
NGOs have proliferated in number and become increasingly influential players in world politics in the past three decades. From the 1970s, with the access of social movements and private NGOs to local and international institutions, NGOs have enjoyed an opening to bring impact global policy debates. Yet NGOs find themselves highly constrained in bringing their material and epistemic resources to bear in the security arena where their activities normally must be authorized by states, or international organizations acting with authority delegated from states. They also find their activities, particularly in the security arena come frequently under attack as lacking accountability or lacking legitimacy, as NGOs are self-appointed private actors, often representing only themselves, they are seen by many as self-appointed meddlers in transnational affairs, This book provides a comprehensive and accessible analysis whether, or the extent to which, NGOs can contribute as private actors to authoritative governance outcomes in the security realm, and thereby help mitigate armed violence by plugging governance gaps in this arena that state actors, or international governmental organizations (IGOs) either neglect, or can better address with NGO assistance. This book examines the current and future issues surrounding this objective in four sections: (i) a practitioner’s perspective of the potentials of conflict governance NGOs, (ii) global civil society and legitimation of conflict governance NGO activities, (iii) conflict governance NGOs as norm entrepreneurs and norm diffusion in global governance (iv) conflict governance NGOs in action.
A Micro-Level Perspective on the Dynamics of Conflict, Violence, and Development by Patricia Justino,Tilman Brück,Philip Verwimp Pdf
This volume presents an innovative new analytical framework for understanding the dynamics of violent conflict and its impact on people and communities living in contexts of violence. Bringing together the findings of MICROCON, an influential five year research programme funded by the European Commission, this book provides readers with the most current and comprehensive evidence available on violent conflict from a micro-level perspective. MICROCON was the largest programme on conflict analysis in Europe from 2007-2011, and its policy outreach has helped to influence EU development policy, and supported policy capacity in many conflict-affected countries. Whilst traditional studies into conflict have been through an international /regional lens with the state as the primary unit of analysis, the micro-level perspective offered by this volume places the individuals, households, groups and communities affected by conflict at the centre of analysis. Studying how people behave in groups and communities; and how they interact with the formal and informal institutions that manage local tensions, is crucial to understanding the conflict cycle. These micro-foundations therefore provide a more in-depth analysis of the causes and consequences of violent conflict. By challenging the ways we think about conflict, this book bridges the gap in evidence, allowing for more specific and accurate policy interventions for conflict resolution and development processes to help reduce poverty in the lives of those affected by conflict. This volume is divided into four parts. Part I introduces the conceptual framework of MICROCON. Part II focuses on individual and group motivations in conflict processes. Part III highlights the micro-level consequences of violent conflict. The final section of this volume focuses on policy implications and future research agenda.
Civil Society, Conflicts and the Politicization of Human Rights by Raffaele Marchetti,Nathalie Tocci Pdf
This publication explores violence, conflict and peace. It focuses on the non-governmental component in ethno-policitcal conflicts. Civil society actors, or "conflict society organizations" (CoSOs), are increasingly central in view of the complexity of contemporary ethno-political conflicts. CoSOs are key players in ethno-political conflicts, both as violators and as promoters of human rights. Nevertheless, the precise relationships underpinning the human rights-civil society-conflict nexus have not been fully examined. This volume analyses the impact of civil society on ethno-political conflicts through their human rights-related activities, and identifies the means to strengthen the complementarity between civil society and international governmental actors in promoting peace. These aims are addressed in case studies on Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, Turkey's Kurdish question, and Israel-Palestine.
Conflict Society and Peacebuilding by Raffaele Marchetti,Nathalie Tocci Pdf
Civil society’s role in conflict and peace-building is increasingly being recognized: an integral element in conflict, it can act within the conflict dynamic to fuel discord further or to entrench the status quo. Alternatively, it can bring about peaceful resolution and reconciliation. The question at hand is not whether to engage civil society in contexts of conflict, but rather how governmental actors can partner with civil society to induce conflict resolution and conflict transformation. The collection of essays in this volume attempts to explore this nexus between civil society and peace-building, especially in the context of intra-state and identity-driven conflicts, across different regions by focusing on case studies from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe.
Conflict Transformation, Civil Society and Inter-State Peace-Building by Jamil Ur Rehman Awan Pdf
The book is a pragmatic study of peace-building which is different from peace keeping and peacemaking as the last two are "fallible" and offer the transient and short term solution to peace. And dealing with conflict under these approaches is also not logically and practically plausible. Why not? The later parts of the book so minutely and thoroughly delineate their "failures" and being "unsuccessful" in attaining the fruitful and enduring results. The reason being, they offer conventional and unethical courses of bringing negative peace and apply the violent and coercive ways of tackling with a conflict, which cannot bring lasting and enduring peace. On the contrary, conflict transformation is in line with strategies used to build lasting peace (positive peace). It stresses the need of engaging "soft institutions", say, love, respect, putting oneself in other's place, respecting humanity, understanding the viewpoint of others on the rival side, and, finally to convert the long time animosity into lasting peace and compatibility. So, it is unjust not to quote Dorothy Thompson who views conflict in the following words, "Peace is not the absence of conflict but the presence of creative alternatives for responding to conflict alternatives to passive or aggressive responses, alternatives to violence." Thus, the book elaborates the importance of conflict transformation that opens doors for lasting and enduring peace and shutting the doors to aggression and violence. It helps get rid of negative peace which means absence of war or use of coercion to keep the peace. Hence, all the aforesaid discourses give vent to a question, "what is the connection between civil society and conflict transformation?" Civil society activists and organizations come at middle level according to Lederach's Pyramid Approaches to Peace-building (Lederach 1997). They have connections with both: below level / grassroots level masses as well as the leaders at the top, viz-a-viz top political leaders both from government and opposition, along with the military leadership. As the aforementioned model is applicable to intra-state level, it is only plausible if there is another pyramid model of peace drawn in the context of the rival country to transform the conflict for good. Though Saeed Ahmed Rid has delineated in his research work as horizontal and vertical integration in inter-state conflict yet, mine is different as, unlike Saeed Ahmed, I believe the role of civil society is more important and effective than just those of common people . According to Saeed, people from both countries, contact with their counterparts, in the other country, at the same level; those at the top with their counterparts; those at middle with those at the middle level. In the like manner, people at the grass-roots level have connections with their counterparts in the other country. Hence, as mentioned earlier, my findings are different. It's the middle level civil society activists and civil society organizations (CSOs) that have the capacity to undertake this hazardous and uphill task in the two rival countries, the reason being their capacity to bear the brunt of top-level 'hawks' on both sides. They connect their counter-parts in the rival country and hold conferences and meetings. One of the salient instances is that of civil society organizations (CSO), media groups viz-a-viz, Jang Media Group, Pakistan and Times of India (TOI), from India. Both the CSOs incepted peace building process between Pakistan and India under the banner of Aman Ki Asha (hope for peace).
Sexual Violence in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies by Doris Buss,Joanne Lebert,Blair Rutherford,Donna Sharkey,Obijiofor Aginam Pdf
This book brings together a unique blend of researchers, civil society and community activists all working on different aspects of conflict sexual violence on the African continent. The contributions included here offer a detailed reading of the social and political climate within which some patterns of sexual violence unfold, and the increased policy and institutional responses shaping post-conflict environments. The chapters are organized around three main themes: the continuities between conflict sexual violence and post-conflict insecurity; the troubling category of "victim" and its representation in post-conflict settings; and the international contexts – such as international programming, aid and justice interventions – that shape how conflict sexual violence is addressed. The authors come to the topic from various academic disciplines - anthropology, gender studies, law, and psychology - and from different non-academic contexts, including civil society organizations in affected regions, and policy and activist organizations in the Global North. Collectively the chapters in this volume offer complex and detailed analysis of some of the debates and dynamics shaping contemporary understandings of conflict sexual violence, highlighting, in turn, new insights and emerging topics on which further research and advocacy is needed.
Civil Society, Conflicts and the Politicalization of Human Rights by Raffaele Marchetti,United Nations University Staff Pdf
Civil Society, Conflicts and the Politicization of Human Rights explores violent conflict and peace. The contributors examine how violence is generated, managed, exploited and eradicated in ethno-political conflicts, and how societies can be dragged out of conflict onto the transition towards peace. The usual take on these phenomena focuses on the role of governmental actors, both national and international. While official actors remain important, Civil Society, Conflicts and the Politicization of Human Rights examines the other side of the coin: the non-governmental component in ethno-politic.
