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Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Injection wells
ISBN : 9781428905511
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : OCLC:56319499
Author : United States. Office of Drinking Water
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Groundwater
ISBN : MINN:30000010545352
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Injection wells
ISBN : OCLC:1428468225
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Environmental monitoring
ISBN : MINN:20000004480303
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428902435
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Injection wells
ISBN : 9781428902411
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Injection wells
ISBN : 9781428902428
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics,Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering,Committee on Earth Resources,Committee on Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-08-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309253703
In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NWU:35556031051840
Author : J. Alfredo Gomez
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1457856840
Every day in the U.S., at least 2 billion gallons of fluids are injected into over 172,000 wells to enhance oil and gas production, or to dispose of fluids brought to the surface during the extraction of oil and gas resources. These wells are subject to regulation to protect drinking water sources under the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Underground Injection Control (UIC) class II program and approved state class II programs. Because much of the population relies on underground sources for drinking water, these wells have raised concerns about the safety of the nation's drinking water. This report examines (1) EPA and state roles, responsibilities, and resources for the program; (2) safeguards to protect drinking water; (3) EPA oversight and enforcement of class II programs; and (4) the reliability of program data for reporting. Tables and figures. This is a print on demand report.
Author : U. S. Environmental U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 150885825X
This guidance provides technical recommendations for protecting underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) from potential endangerment posed by hydraulic fracturing (HF) activities where diesel fuels are used. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed this guidance for EPA permit writers to ensure protection of USDWs in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulatory authority. This authority is limited to when diesel fuels are used in fluids or propping agents pursuant to oil, gas and geothermal activities. This document does not establish any new permitting requirements for HF activities using diesel fuels, but describes the EPA's interpretation of existing legal requirements as well as non-binding recommendations for EPA permit writers to consider in applying UIC Class II1 regulations to HF when diesel fuels are used in fracturing fluids or propping agents. This document does not address geothermal activities. The EPA expects that EPA UIC Program Directors, and the permit writers acting on their behalf, will follow the interpretation of the statutory term "diesel fuels" presented in this guidance document. They should also consider, although are not required to follow, the recommendations reflected in this guidance on how to apply the Class II regulations to HF activities using diesel fuels when issuing permits for such activities under the federal UIC Program. Recommendations are consistent with the discretion accorded under the existing UIC Class II regulations, and reflect existing UIC requirements for other well classes, voluntary industry standards, state rules, and other model guidelines for HF. However, permit writers, acting on behalf of the UIC Director have the discretion to consider alternative approaches that are consistent with statutory and regulatory requirements. Decisions about permitting HF operations that use diesel fuels will be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the facts and circumstances of the specific injection activity and applicable statutes, regulations and case law. Under the 2005 amendments to the SDWA, a UIC Class II permit must be obtained prior to conducting the underground injection of diesel fuels for hydraulic fracturing. The EPA, where it directly implements the program, as well as states and tribes with primary enforcement authority, must issue a Class II permit prior to the injection of diesel fuels in the HF fluid or propping agents. The primary audience for these technical recommendations is the EPA Regional offices directly implementing the existing UIC Class II Program requirements (40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) parts 124 and 144 through 147). Stakeholders and the public have recognized the importance of safely and responsibly managing unconventional oil and gas development, including hydraulic fracturing. Many states have updated their oil and gas regulations and a variety of organizations have developed model guidelines and best practices. The EPA engaged with states, tribes, industry, and other stakeholders during the development of this document and reviewed best practices available at the time. The EPA used information from these efforts to inform this guidance for the UIC program.
Author : C-F. Tsang,J.A. Apps
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 730 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2005-12-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080457908
Chapters by a distinguished group of international authors on various aspects of Underground Injection Science and Technology are organized into seven sections addressing specific topics of interest. In the first section the chapters focus on the history of deep underground injection as well regulatory issues, future trends and risk analysis. The next section contains ten chapters dealing with well testing and hydrologic modeling. Section 3, consisting of five chapters, addresses various aspects of the chemical processes affecting the fate of the waste in the subsurface environment. Consideration is given here to reactions between the waste and the geologic medium, and reactions that take place within the waste stream itself. The remaining four sections deal with experience relating to injection of, respectively, liquid wastes, liquid radioactive wastes in Russia, slurried solids, and compressed carbon dioxide. Chapters in Section 4, cover a diverse range of other issues concerning the injection of liquid wastes including two that deal with induced seismicity. In Section 5, Russian scientists have contributed several chapters revealing their knowledge and experience of the deep injection disposal of high-level radioactive liquid processing waste. Section 6 consists of five chapters that cover the technology surrounding the injection disposal of waste slurries. Among the materials considered are drilling wastes, bone meal, and biosolids. Finally, four chapters in Section 7 deal with questions relating to carbon dioxide sequestration in deep sedimentary aquifers. This subject is particularly topical as nations grapple with the problem of controlling the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. * Comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in underground injection science and technology * Emerging subsurface waste disposal technologies * International scope
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1982-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : CORNELL:31924056837390
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 778 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:39015090413447